First, design interesting homework.
Teaching practice has proved that interest is the best teacher and an inexhaustible motive force for students to learn. Primary school students are limited by their age characteristics, and their attention span is short, so they are resistant to simple copying, mechanical rote memorization, or boring exercises. Therefore, teachers' homework design should be creative, novel in form, practical in content and interesting to some extent, so that students can experience the success of increasing knowledge in a pleasant environment. Pupils are naturally fond of drawing, and images are more in line with children's cognitive ability than words. When I was studying The Little Painter in the Snow, I asked the students to draw scenes of small animals playing when it snowed. Many students show their footprints by painting images. It also captures the characteristics that students like to imitate. After learning "Zhao Zhouqiao", I asked my students to write "The Bridge of My Hometown" by imitating the author's writing method. After learning Smith, let the students continue to write about what the tiger would do if he knew the fox cheated him. Students are more willing to accept "performance" than "writing". For the text with strong story or action-oriented scene description, I ask students to perform in person on the basis of being familiar with and understanding the text, and arrange for students to rehearse the textbook drama in groups to prepare for the competition. For example, after learning Pots and Tin Pots, students are allowed to rehearse the textbook drama freely, and awards for "Best Actor" and "Best Partner" are also awarded. This kind of homework gives full play to students' imagination and creativity. Let students acquire knowledge in a relaxed and pleasant atmosphere.
Second, the design of homework should be active.
Life is education, and education is extremely broad and free. Teaching activities are a part of human life. Without life, there would be no teaching activities, while Chinese teaching is inseparable from life, and Chinese teaching is everywhere in life. When designing homework, we should also be good at digging up the materials in life and provide a lot of practical situations and opportunities for students to experience the fun of Chinese and life together. After teaching mother kindness, students are advised to do some housework on Mother's Day and Father's Day, and send a poem, a blessing and a letter full of affection to their parents to thank them for their kindness. After teaching a lilac, encourage students to write down their favorite words and dedicate them to their beloved teacher. After teaching the article "Sunset is Beautiful", guide students to observe the sunset and appreciate its beauty. After learning the article "Cloud House", guide students to observe the changes of white clouds after the rain and understand their changeable posture.
Third, the design of homework should be innovative.
For a long time, the form of Chinese homework has not changed much. The homework in books and exercise books greatly limits students' vision, restricts the development of thinking and affects the improvement of students' comprehensive quality. I pay attention to the innovative design of homework in my usual teaching, so that students are willing to finish homework, like to finish homework, experience success in homework and improve the quality of homework. (1) Choose the number of jobs and how to complete them. Each student's cognitive level, way of thinking, hobbies and so on are different. Therefore, when I arrange classroom exercises and homework, I allow students to have certain choices in the number, depth and form of exercises, avoid the traditional "one size fits all" approach, let students play their initiative in learning and improve the pertinence of homework. For example, after teaching the text "Beautiful Xiaoxing 'anling", I designed a "homework supermarket" where students can choose homework: ① If you want to be a poet, write a poem praising Xiaoxing 'anling; I want to be a tour guide, collect pictures and materials after class, write a brief explanation, show the charming scenery of Xiaoxing' anling and write a tour guide; ③ I want to be a painter and paint the beautiful scenery of Xiaoxing 'an Mountains; If you want to be a reciter, collect poems describing beautiful scenery and read them to your friends or parents. (2) Design of autonomous operation. "Chinese Curriculum Standard" puts forward: "Chinese curriculum must pay attention to students' individual differences and different learning needs according to the characteristics of students' body and mind and Chinese learning, and cherish students' curiosity and thirst for knowledge". Therefore, our teaching should adhere to the student-oriented, provide students with diverse and comprehensive learning opportunities, let students learn actively in an unrestrained environment, and let every student become the master of learning. In traditional homework, we design exercises for students to complete, and students passively cope, so their initiative cannot be brought into play. So I think we might as well let students make up their own homework questions according to the characteristics and contents of the text. How to realize this link? Zankov pointed out: Let students set their own goals and make action plans, which can generate strong motivation and overcome the difficulties they encounter in the process of completing the set tasks. In view of this, I also try to give students the autonomy of homework design. For example, when I was teaching Pangu Tiankai, I asked the students to design their own homework. Some students told this story to their parents and adapted it; Some use innocent children's paintings to show various changes in Pangu's body after he fell; Other students wrote letters praising him and telling him all the beauty in the universe. In the process of completing homework, students have gained a lot of knowledge and information, and comprehensively exercised their ability to participate in learning.
Fourth, the design of homework should be hierarchical.
Teachers can design homework with different difficulties according to students' level differences, so that students can choose independently, so that students with different development levels can better participate in homework and enjoy the joy of doing homework. For example, after learning creeper's feet, I designed such an exercise: ① Extract three new words and two words in this lesson. ② Read the text with emotion and extract sentences describing Parthenocissus tricuspidata. You also try to imitate the text and continue to write two sentences about Parthenocissus tricuspidata. You can choose two of them to do the problem. This kind of homework from easy to difficult, from simple to complex, can meet the needs of students at different levels. It can not only meet the requirements of top students, but also make middle and lower students gain something in practice and experience the fun of success. Let students choose independently, so that the content is hierarchical and the requirements are different. It is stipulated that students with learning difficulties only need to complete the basic problems, and secondary school students can do another improvement problem in addition to the basic problems.
Fifth, the design of homework should be humanized.
The new curriculum standard points out that Chinese curriculum has rich humanistic connotation and has a profound influence on students' spiritual field. Text course should attach importance to students' moral cultivation and aesthetic taste. Therefore, teachers should consider the humanity of homework when designing homework, so as to make every effort to increase students' knowledge and cultivate students' sentiment when completing homework. Now there are many stories of great men in Chinese textbooks, which are not only famous articles for students to read and write, but also mirrors for students to be human. Teachers should be flexible when assigning homework, and combine the knowledge outside the extracurricular books to cultivate students' perception of extracurricular knowledge. In my teaching, I designed "Finding the Footprints of Celebrities" and made the homework of "Who's Who" and other activities, so that students can collect stories, pictures and personal profiles of great men, celebrities and heroes, and also "talk about heroes and praise celebrities" in the form of "tabloids and class meetings". In this way, students can learn strength from role models, get inspiration, find signs of progress on the road of life, and improve their Chinese level. Homework is the most direct and frequent channel, so it is an interactive humanistic activity for students to do homework and teachers to approve homework. Here, teachers should let students feel the knowledge and accomplishment of teachers, experience the democratic atmosphere, equal communication, pure interest and happiness of progress, promote the development of students' mind and the perfection of their personality, and make homework an important carrier for the formation of students' humanistic quality.
In a word, the effectiveness of homework directly affects the effect of Chinese teaching. The effective design of homework content can stimulate learning interest, expand knowledge and ignite the spark of thinking; It can enable students to improve their ability and accumulate experience in "refinement"; It can motivate students to develop good study habits and stimulate their enthusiasm for learning. Always pay attention to the effectiveness of homework, so that children can learn with great interest and teachers can teach them with ease.