Rousseau proposed the natural human rights.
It means that people have the natural rights of survival, freedom, pursuit of happiness and property. It was put forward by Grotius and Spinoza in the Netherlands, Hobbes and Locke in Britain, Voltaire, Diderot and Rousseau in France in the 17th and 18th centuries.
It is believed that in the natural state before the formation of a country, people are free and equal, and life and free pursuit of happiness and property are inherent qualities and rights of people. This right is guided and stipulated by natural law (human reason).
Grotius believes that because natural law enables people to possess something special or do something properly, people have the right to freedom, property and repayment of debts. Locke believes that natural laws stipulate the rights of life, freedom and property, and guide people not to infringe on the natural rights of others.
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Natural human rights are also inviolable. In order to protect this right, Grotius, Hobbes, Spinoza and Rousseau advocated giving up all rights; Locke advocates giving up some rights, such as punishing others; Jefferson advocated the preservation of all rights, the conclusion of contracts, the establishment of a country, and the use of political power and legal power to protect individual freedom, equality, property or the right to pursue happiness.
Even if some restrictions are imposed on individual rights, it will only protect everyone's individual rights with equal strength; If the government violates this right, people have the right to take back their natural rights and overthrow their rule, or individuals have the right to resist the sovereign.
Natural human rights guided the bourgeois democratic revolution against feudal absolutism in modern times, and laid an ideological foundation for the establishment of modern bourgeois political and economic system. His theoretical views were also included in the American Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the French Declaration of Human Rights in 1789.
since the 19th century, bourgeois thinkers such as Constance, Austin, Main, Bentham, Mill and Di Ji have denied the theory of natural human rights from the standpoint of idealism.
from the viewpoint of historical materialism, Marx, the revolutionary mentor, affirmed the positive role of the theory of natural human rights, and clearly pointed out that the relationship between rights and obligations is a legal relationship, so it is a unique product of a certain society and is restricted by certain economic relations and class relations. It is unscientific to talk about the so-called "natural" and "inherent" rights without certain economic and class relations, which does not conform to the objective facts.