In the book Selected Poems of Ancient Zhejiang published by People's Daily Press, more than 300 excellent works of more than 200 ancient (including modern) Zhejiang poets were selected, among which Hangzhou earned 49, followed by Taizhou 22, Shaoxing 2 1 bit, Jinhua 20, Huzhou 19, Jiaxing 17. Judging from the number of poems selected, Lu You ranked first with 13, and Dai Fugu, Meng Jiao, Yuan Mei, Qian Qi and Gong Zizhen also selected more poems.
(1) Year: Song Dynasty
Author: Lu You-"Hairpin Phoenix"
content
Red crisp hands, Huang Teng wine.
Willow trees on the palace wall in spring in the city.
The east wind is evil, and the feelings are thin.
A sad mood, a cable that I haven't seen for years.
No, no, no.
Spring is as old as ever, and people are empty and thin.
Tears flooded her face.
Peach blossom falls, idle pool pavilion.
Although Meng Shan is here, it is hard to trust Jin Shu.
Mo, Mo, Mo!
Appreciate:
This word is about Lu You's own love tragedy.
The original match of Lu You was the aristocratic family of Tang gentry in the same county. After marriage, the two "get along well" and "harmoniously", and they are a loving couple. Unexpectedly, Lu Mu, one of the marriage arrangers, was disgusted with his daughter-in-law, forcing Lu You to abandon the Tang family.
In the case that Lu You's exhortation and pleading were of no help, the two were finally forced to separate, and Tang remarried Zhao Shicheng, the son of the same county, and was never heard from again. One spring day a few years later, Lu You met Tang who was traveling with her husband in Shenyuan near Yuji Temple in the south of her hometown (now Shaoxing). Tang arranged wine and food to show his comfort to Lu You. Lu you was deeply moved by people's feelings, so he took the word "drunken songs" and wrote a letter on the garden wall. The first poem describes the poet's meeting with Tang, expressing their deep attachment and yearning for love, and also expressing the poet's unspeakable sadness and resentment.
The first film of Ci laments the pain of forced divorce by recalling the happy love life in the past, which has two meanings.
The first three sentences are the first layer of the film, recalling the beautiful scene when I was traveling with the Tang family: "Red hands, Huang Teng wine. Spring scenery in the city. " Although it is a memory, it is impossible to write down the whole scene, because it is lyric, not prose, not memoir, so I only choose one scene to write, and this scene only chooses one or two most representative and characteristic details to write. "Red Crispy Hands" not only describes Tang's graceful gesture of being attentive to the poet, but also summarizes the beauty of Tang as a whole (including her inner beauty). However, more importantly, it concretely and vividly shows the tenderness between loving couples and the happiness and joy of their married life. The third sentence outlines a broad and far-reaching background for the couple in the Spring Garden, pointing out that they are enjoying the spring scenery. The rosy arms of down, the yellow seal of wine and the green of willow give this painting a bright and harmonious sense of color.
The word "east wind evil" is the second layer, describing the writer's painful feelings after being forced to divorce. On the previous floor, I wrote about Chun Qing in Spring Scenes, which is infinitely beautiful. When I suddenly turned here, the tide of anger suddenly broke through the gate of the poet's mind and was unstoppable. The word "East Wind Evil" is a pun with rich connotations, which is the key to the whole word and the crux of the poet's love tragedy. It turns out that the east wind can revive the earth and bring vitality to everything. But when it blows wildly, it will also destroy the spring state. The next film says that "peach blossoms fall, and the pool pavilion is idle", which is the serious consequence it brings, so it is called "evil". But mainly figuratively, it is the power of "evil" that causes the poet's love tragedy. As for whether Lu Mu is included, the answer should be undeniable. Just because it is inconvenient to say it, but it is unavoidable, I have to express it in this implicit way. The following three sentences further express the poet's hatred of "Dongfeng" and complement the word "evil": "Love is thin. I am sad for a few years. " A happy marriage was forced to break up, and loving couples were forced to separate, which made them suffer great emotional torture and pain. Years of separation only brought them sadness and resentment. Isn't it like the brilliant spring flowers being destroyed and withered by the ruthless east wind? Then "wrong, wrong, wrong", three "wrong" words in a row, even burst, the feelings are extremely painful. But who is wrong? Is it to deny "dare not violate the wishes of the venerable" and finally "marry the daughter"? Is it a denial of the oppression of the venerable person? Is it a denial of the unreasonable marriage system? The poet didn't make it clear, and it was not easy to make it clear. This "Thousand-Jin Olive" (Dream of Red Mansions) is reserved for our readers to taste. Although this layer is straightforward, angry feelings, like a river, flow like a thousand miles. But it's not endless. The words "east wind evil" and "wrong, wrong, wrong" are very interesting.
The second part of the word, from feeling the past back to reality, further expresses the great grief of his wife's forced divorce, and is also divided into two layers.
Change the first three sentences to the first floor and write down the performance of Down's when Shen Yuan meets again.
"Spring scenery remains the same" comes from the last sentence "Spring scenery in the city", which is the background of meeting at this time. It is still the same spring day as before, but people are not what they used to be. In the past, the skin of down was so rosy and full of youthful vitality; Now, she is haggard and emaciated under the ruthless destruction of the "East Wind". Although the phrase "people are empty and thin" only describes the change of Tang's appearance, it clearly shows the great pain brought to her by "being away from cables for several years". Like a poet, she also suffers from "melancholy"; Like a poetess, she always loves old people. How else can you lose weight? Writing about the change of appearance to express the change of inner world is a common technique in literary works, but being thin is thin. Why do you want to add an "empty" word in it? "The monarch has his own wife, and Luo Fu also has a husband." (Ancient Poetry). From the perspective of marriage, the two have long been irrelevant. Water under the bridge. Isn't it a waste of time to torture yourself for acacia? With this word, the poet's feelings of pity, comfort and pain are expressed. The phrase "tears" further shows Tang's mental state at this meeting through her facial expressions and movements. When we meet again in the old garden and recall the past, can she not cry? But the poet did not write tears directly, but wrote her "tears are red and sad" by line drawing, which is more euphemistic, more calm, more vivid and more touching. And the word "head" not only shows his tears, but also shows his sadness. On the second floor of the last film, the screenwriter wrote himself in a straightforward way; Here, when she wrote about Tang's family, she changed her skills and only wrote about the changes in her appearance and posture and her painful feelings. Because what is written in this layer is seen by the poet, it also has the artistic effect of "feeling at first sight". It can be seen that poets are not only deeper than feelings, but also deeper than words.
The last few words of the word are the second layer of the next movie, which describes the writer's painful mood after he is down and out. The sentence "Peach Blossom Falls" and the previous sentence "East Wind Evil" take care of each other, highlighting that although writing about scenery is about scenery, it also implies personnel. Isn't it? Peach blossoms wither and the garden is neglected. This is just a change of things, but the change of personnel is even more than the change of things. Isn't Down's family as beautiful as flowers and pure as jade blown away by the ruthless "east wind"? Isn't the poet's own mood as bleak as the "idle pool pavilion"? It is ingenious and natural to have two meanings at the same time. Next, I turned to direct affection and said, "Although Meng Shan is here, it is difficult to ask for a book." Although these two sentences are only a few words, they can show the poet's own inner pain. Although I feel like a stone, my infatuation will not change, but how can I express such a sincere heart? Clearly in love, but can not love; Obviously you can't love, but you can't cut this thread of love. In an instant, there was love, hate, pain and resentment. Seeing Tang's haggard face and miserable situation, he felt pity and comfort. An unspeakable sadness rushed out of his chest: "Mo, Mo, Mo!" Water under the bridge. There's no turning back. What do you want it to do? What do you think it can do? So cut the gordian knot: just, just, just! Obviously, the words are still unfinished, the meaning is still unfinished, and the feelings are still unfinished, but it happened that they were lost. The whole word ended in an extremely painful sigh.
This word has always arranged its own pen and ink around the specific space of the Academy of Gods. The last one changed from reminiscing about the past to caressing the present, and it was changed to "Dongfeng Evil Evil Evil"; Back to reality after the film, "Spring as Old" echoes the sentence of the previous film "Spring in the City", and "Peach Blossom Falls, Idle Pool Pavilion" echoes the sentence of the previous film "East Wind Evil", which makes the events and scenes in the same space at different times vividly superimposed. The whole word is compared. As shown in the above film, the more beautiful scenes when couples lived together in the past, the more they felt the sadness after being forced to divorce, and the more they showed the ruthlessness and abomination of the "East Wind", thus forming a strong emotional contrast.
The first one is "with bare hands", and the next one is "people are empty and thin". In the image and sharp contrast, it fully shows the great mental torture and pain brought to Down's family by "staying away from the rope for several years". The rhythm of the whole word is very fast, and the voice is sad and tense. Coupled with the words "wrong, wrong, wrong" and "mo, mo, mo", I have sighed twice, which makes people sad and speechless.
In a word, this word has achieved the perfect unity of content and form, and it is a unique and tearful work.
(2) 。
Year: Tang Dynasty
Author: Meng Jiao-"Wandering sons"
Content:
The mother used the needle and thread in her hand to make clothes for her long-distance son.
Before leaving, I had a stitch for fear that my son would come back late and his clothes would be damaged.
Who can say that a filial child like the weak can repay his mother's love like the sunshine in spring?
Appreciation: Meng Jiao was down and out all his life. It was not until he was 50 years old that he got a humble position and became a magistrate of Liyang County. Naturally, the poet didn't take such a small official to heart. He still only looked at the scenery and sang praises, but neglected his official duties. The county magistrate only paid him half a salary. Under this heading, the author notes that "Mu Ying Li Shang Zuo" is his work when he lived in Liyang. In the poem, an ordinary and great beauty of human nature, maternal love, is sung affectionately and truly, which has aroused the admiration of countless readers and won popularity for thousands of years.
Deep maternal love bathes children all the time. However, for Meng Jiao, a wanderer who has been displaced all the year round, the most unforgettable moment is the painful moment of separation between mother and child. This poem describes the ordinary scene of loving mother sewing clothes at this time, but it shows the poet's deep feelings. The first two sentences, "thread in the hand of a kind-hearted mother makes clothes for her wayward son's body", are actually two phrases, not two sentences. In this way, from people to things, the two most common things are highlighted, and the love of flesh and blood between mother and son is written. Then write two sentences about people's actions and attitudes, focusing on loving mothers. At this moment before departure, the old mother's stitches were so thin that she was afraid that her son would not come home for a long time and would sew the clothes more firmly. In fact, the old man's heart is not eager for his son to return safely at an early date! The affection of loving mother is revealed in the most subtle places in daily life. Simple and natural, kind and touching. There are neither words nor tears here, but a feeling of pure love overflows from this common scene, touching the heartstrings of every reader, making people cry and evoking the cordial associations and deep memories of children all over the world.
The last two sentences, based on the intuition of the parties, dig out the deep meaning of the next layer: "But how much affection there is in an inch of grass, I got three spring rays." Who said that? Some versions are Who knows and Who will, but it is best that Who said that according to the poem. The poet's rhetorical question is particularly meaningful. These two sentences are the sublimation of the first four sentences, the contrast of popular images, and the warm affection for children: how can a child like grass repay his mother's love as rich as the sunshine in spring? It really means "I want to repay kindness, I am very confused", and the feelings are so sincere and sincere.
This is an ode to maternal love. The poet, frustrated in his official career, experienced a cold world and a sad life, so he felt the value of family more and more. "Poetry is born from the heart, and sorrow should be the heart" (Su Shi's Reading Meng Jiao's Poems). Although this poem is not carved with algae paintings, it is fresh, smooth and unpretentious, which shows that its poetic flavor is rich and mellow.
This poem was written in Liyang. During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, two Liyang people sang a poem: "My father's book is full, but the car is still lingering" (Shi Qisheng's "Writing about my bosom"): "How many tears I always shed, dyeing my hands and sewing my clothes" (Peng Gui's "My brother came to visit the province", which made my heart very happy). It can be seen that the deep impression left by Ode to a Wanderer is enduring.
(3) 。
Gong Zizhen-Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems (125)
Kyushu is furious.
It's a pity that a thousand horses can't walk.
I suggest that god stand up again,
Don't stick to a pattern and belittle talents.
Appreciate:
Worrying about the country and the people is vivid. When the world is sinking, I am eager to build a new world of lightning and thunder. I am ambitious and fearless. "I advise God to be energetic and not stick to one model to reduce talents", standing proudly between heaven and earth as a man.
(4) 。
He Zhang Zhi-Yong Liu.
Jasper dressed as a tree, hanging down ten thousand green silk tapestries.
I don't know who cut the thin leaves, but the spring breeze in February is like scissors.
Appreciate:
This is an object-chanting poem about willow trees in early spring and February.
Where should I start writing willow? There is no doubt that the beauty of its image lies in Naman's long branches. Once a year, it grows new green leaves and hangs down, which has a charming posture in the spring breeze. This is something that everyone can appreciate. In classical poetry, we often see this kind of image beauty to describe and compare a beautiful woman's slim figure and graceful waist branches. This poem is original. Turn it over. "Jasper pretends to be a tall tree". At first, Liu Yang appeared as a beautiful woman: "Thousands of threads of moss tapestry hang down", and these countless threads became her nepotism. The word "Gao" in the previous sentence sets off the graceful charm of beautiful Tingting; The word "hanging" in the next sentence means that the slender waist is swaying in the wind. There are no words "willow" and "waist branch" in the poem, but the beauty embodied by weeping willows and willows in early spring is vividly written. "Southern History" said that Liu Yong was the secretariat of Yizhou and presented several Shu Liu plants. "These stripes are very long and look like silk threads." Emperor Wu of Qi planted these willows in the Taichang cloud and in front of the temple, saying that they were "romantic and lovely". Here, wicker is called "green silk tapestry", which may be the hidden use of this famous allusion about willow. But it's a waste, and you can't see any traces.
"Jasper makeup" leads to "moss tapestry" and "who cut it". Finally, the intangible "spring breeze" is also vividly portrayed by "scissors". These "scissors" cut out bright green flowers and plants and put on a new makeup for the earth. It is the symbol of natural vitality and the inspiration of spring to people's beauty. From Jasper Makeup to Scissors, we can see a series of processes of the poet's artistic conception. A series of images in poetry are closely linked.
Some people may think: There were many famous beauties in ancient China, Liu. Why should we compare them with Jasper? I think this has two meanings: first, the name Jasper is related to the color of willow, and the words "green" and "green" in the next sentence complement each other. Second, Jasper will always leave a young impression in people's hearts. When it comes to Jasper, people will associate it with the popular Jasper Song "When Jasper Broke a Melon" and Jasper's Little Family Daughter (Xiao Yi Picking Lotus Poems) and other poems. Jasper has almost become a general term for young and beautiful women in ancient literary works. Comparing willow with jasper, people will imagine that this beauty has not yet reached its heyday; This willow is still a willow in early spring, and it is not the time to hide crows with dense branches and leaves; This is also related to the "thin leaves" and "February spring breeze" below.
(5) 。
Luo yin-bee.
Appreciate:
No matter underground or on the mountain, where there are flowers in full bloom, there are bees busy.
After a hundred flowers blossom into honey, who will work hard for whom and who will be sweet?
Appreciate:
Bees and butterflies have become symbols of charm in the poet's works. However, little bees are different from China after all. It has been working hard to make honey all its life, accumulating a lot, but enjoying very little. Around this point, the poet Luo Yin wrote such an "animal story" with deep feelings. Its meaning alone is refreshing. The artistic expression of this poem is noteworthy in three aspects:
First, to grasp the reason, we must be strong. This poem focuses on the feelings of the last two sentences, giving bees a lifetime of career, with nothing but "hard work". But the first two sentences are almost boastful, saying that whether it is a plain field or a mountain, where flowers bloom, there is a bee's territory. Here, the author uses extreme adverbs and adjectives, such as "no matter", "infinite", "exhausted" and unconditional sentences, saying that bees "occupy all the scenery" seems to contradict the theme. In fact, this is just the opposite statement, trying to grasp the reason and putting on airs for the last two sentences. As the saying goes, if you lift it high, you will fall hard. So the last two sentences are the inversion of the first two sentences, saying that bees pick flowers into honey, and I don't know whose it is. If the word "occupy" is swept away, the expression effect will be stronger. If I had written from the beginning, I wouldn't be so powerful.
Second, the narrative backchat, singing sigh sentient beings. This poem uses narrative and discussion techniques, but the discussion is not explicitly issued, but said in a rhetorical tone. The first two sentences are mainly narrative, while the last two sentences are mainly discussion. The last two sentences, three main narratives and four main discussions. "Picking a hundred flowers" means "hard work" and "becoming honey" means "sweetness". However, due to the difference between the main narrative and the main exposition, the last two sentences have the meaning of repetition and have no sense of repetition. It turns out that the rhetorical question only means: who are you sweet for and who are you willing to work for? But it is divided into two questions: "Who are you working for?" "Sweet for whom"? Also repeated and not repeated. Obviously, hard work belongs to oneself, and sweetness belongs to others. Repeated chanting makes people deeply moved. The poet is full of pity.
Third, it is profound and can be interpreted in two ways. This poem captures the characteristics of bees without affectation, painting or rhetoric. Although plain and thoughtful, it allows readers to learn something from this "animal story" and feel that it contains a feeling of life. Some people say that this poem is really a sigh of the world's efforts to benefit the rich; Some people think that bees are used to praise hard-working workers, while those exploiters who get something for nothing are mercilessly satirized. These two solutions are similar, but both are allowed. Because there are two kinds of "fable" poems: one is that the author makes a metaphor for some kind of preaching, and the meaning is simple and certain; The other is that the author looks at things with strong feelings and makes things look like people, which can also be used for reference, but the "meaning" is not so simple. In such a poem, the author probably saw the shadow of the bitter days at that time from the "story" of bees, but he just wrote down the "story" without direct preaching or specific comparison, and his image was more flexible. In real life, bitter life has different meanings, and there are two main similarities with bees: one is the so-called "bitter to the end, eyes closed for a long time" (A Dream of Red Mansions); One is "hoe the ground?" The invasion of the stars and the head of Xiaomi belong to others. "This makes readers have different understandings in two senses. However, with the progress of the times, labor glory has become a universal concept, and "bee" has become a symbol of virtue. When people read Luo Yin's poems, they naturally prefer the latter. It can be seen that the meaning of "fable" is not static, and the ancient "fable" will change with each passing day.
(6)
Yu Qian-Lime Poetry
Appreciate:
It can only be extracted from the deep mountains after being struck by thousands of hammers. It regards the burning of the burning fire as a very common thing.
Don't be afraid of being smashed to pieces, leaving innocence in the world.
Appreciate:
This is a poem written by Yu Qian, a minister of the Ming Dynasty. By praising Lyme, the poet expressed his strong will and determination to take the world as his own responsibility and to "smash to pieces" for the country.
Lime looks ordinary, but it contains noble character. It can only be mined from the deep mountains after a lot of tempering. After being burned by fire and turned into lime, it has been smashed to pieces, but it happily serves people's lives with its innocence. "Poetry expresses ambition", probably only a noble person can have a unique vision and find the extraordinary in ordinary things.