The original text of "Wupeng Boat"
Zirong Jun:
Received a handwritten letter, knowing that you are going to my hometown, and asked me to give you some What guidance. To be honest, my hometown is not the place I really feel nostalgic about, but because I grew up there and lived there for more than ten years, I know a little bit about the situation, so I am writing this letter to tell you.
What I want to tell you is not about the local customs and customs there, which are endless. But you will understand it once you go there and see it, so there is no need to be hesitant to talk more. What I'm talking about is a very interesting thing, which is a boat. You usually take rickshaws, trams, or cars in your hometown, but there are none of these in my hometown. Except for sedans in the city or on the mountains, boats are usually used for transportation. There are two kinds of boats. It's a "black-topped boat". The white-topped boat is mostly used for sailing. Taking a night boat to Xiling is also very interesting, but it's not convenient for you to sit on it, so I don't need to talk about it. The larger awning boat is "Symenngoa", and the smaller one is foot rowing (pronounced uoa), also known as a small boat. But the most applicable ones are the "three ways" in the middle, that is, the three bright tiles. The canopy is semicircular, made of bamboo pieces, with a bamboo basket in the center painted with black oil; between the two "fixed canopies" there is a sunshade, also semicircular, with wooden latticework and inlaid pieces. Small fish scales, about an inch in diameter, somewhat transparent, slightly like glass but tough and durable, are called Ming tiles. Three clear tiles means there are two clear tiles in the middle cabin and one clear tile in the back cabin. There are probably two oars at the stern, and a bamboo pole at the bow to steady the boat. The bow of the boat is frowning, like a tiger, but it seems to be smiling. It is funny but not scary, which is not the case for white-canopied boats. The height of the three awnings is about enough for you to stand upright, and the width of the cabin can accommodate a square table. Four people can sit and play horse generals - I'm afraid you have learned this, right? The small boat is really a small boat, and you sit on the bottom seat. , the canopy roof is two or three inches away from your head, your hands can rest on the left and right sides, and your hands are exposed outside. In this kind of boat, it feels like sitting on the water. When you go close to the field bank, the mud will be close to your eyes and nose. Also, if you encounter wind and waves, or if you sit too carelessly, the bottom of the boat will turn upside down, which is dangerous, but there are also dangers. It is quite interesting and is a characteristic of the water town. But you don't have to take it. It's better to take one of the three boats.
You are like going out by boat, but you cannot be as impatient as someone who takes a tram and expect to arrive immediately. If you leave the city and walk thirty or forty miles (the mileage here is very short, one mile is only one-third of a mile), you have to prepare for the day ahead. When you sit on the boat, you should have the attitude of traveling in the mountains. Look around you and see the mountains everywhere, the cypresses on the shore, the red and white apples on the river, the fishing huts, and various bridges. When you feel sleepy While sleeping in the cabin, you can take out your essays and read them, or make a bowl of tea and drink it. I like the area around Jianhu Lake outside the side gate, Hejia Pond, and the area around the pots and cups. I can also go to Lougong Port and ride a donkey to visit Orchid Pavilion (but I advise you to walk, riding a donkey may not be very suitable for you and me). It is quite interesting to enter the city at dusk when the east gate is hung with plum blossoms. If the road is not calm, you can sail in the afternoon when going to Hangzhou. The scenery is the most beautiful at dusk. Unfortunately, I have forgotten the names of this area. It is also very interesting to sleep in the cabin at night and listen to the sound of water, the sound of boats coming and going, and the barking of dogs and the crow of chickens in the countryside. Hire a boat to go to the countryside to watch temple operas. You can understand the real fun of old Chinese operas, and you can move freely on the boat. You can watch, sleep, and drink if you want. I think it can be regarded as an ideal way to have fun. . It's a pity that these performances and receptions have been banned since the reform. The imbeciles of the middle class should not build "Shanghai-style" theaters in places such as the "Buye Guild Hall" and invite everyone to buy tickets to watch Shanghai's cat plays. You must not go to these places. --I'm afraid no one will recognize you when you visit my hometown, and because I'm teaching, I can't accompany you to play, sit on the night boat, and chat. I'm really sorry and melancholy. Kawashima-kun and his wife are now at the foot of the mountain. They could introduce you to them, but by the time you get there, they may have already left their hometown. In the early days of cold, good things should be cherished and never exhausted.
1. Introduction to the work:
"The Black-Paneled Boat" is an epistolary prose written by the famous modern essayist Zhou Zuoren in 1926. The author introduced in detail the unique water vehicle in his hometown of Shaoxing, the awning boat, in the form of a letter. He used a peaceful and elegant style and simple and natural pen and ink to describe the typical characteristics of the awning boat, and at the same time revealed his own unique characteristics. A feeling of leisure and seclusion. The article details the purpose, type, structure, and appearance of the awning boat, describing it in detail without being cumbersome or lengthy. On the surface, the author is writing about a awning boat and traveling around the mountains and rivers. However, upon closer inspection, the author's leisurely outlook on life is revealed, and the text is also filled with a touch of nostalgia.
2. About the author:
Zhou Zuoren (January 16, 1885 - May 6, 1967) was originally named Kui Shou (later changed to Kui Shou), with the courtesy name Xing Piao. , also known as Qiming, Qimeng, Qimeng, pen names Yashou, Zhongmi, Qiming, nicknames Zhitang, Yaotang, Duying, etc. He was the younger brother of Lu Xun (Zhou Shuren) and the brother of Zhou Jianren. A native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang. A famous modern Chinese essayist, literary theorist, critic, poet, translator, thinker, pioneer of Chinese folklore, and an outstanding representative of the New Culture Movement.
He has successively served as professor and director of the Department of Oriental Literature at National Peking University, and director and visiting professor of the Department of New Literature at Yenching University.
During the New Culture Movement, he was an important fan author of "New Youth" and served as the chief editor of "New Wave Society". After the "May 4th Movement", he initiated the establishment of the "Literary Research Association" with Zheng Zhenduo, Shen Yanbing, Ye Shaojun, Xu Dishan and others; and co-founded the "Yusi" weekly with Lu Xun, Lin Yutang, Sun Fuyuan and others, serving as chief editor and main writer. He once served as the president of the Peking Esperanto Society.
3. Work Appreciation
The full text consists of three natural paragraphs.
The first paragraph explains the origin of writing: to provide "guidance" for old friends to visit their hometown, in order to express their friendship as friends. The author is rather bland when he mentions his hometown. But the literal downplaying of feelings for hometown does not mean that the feelings for hometown are not deep. The following content shows this point. The beginning of the article uses the reverse writing technique of seeming light but actually thick, overtly derogatory and implicitly praising.
The second paragraph focuses on introducing a "very interesting thing" in my hometown - the awning boat. This introductory text is quite distinctive. First, the explanation should be precise and detailed. First, we will summarize the three types of ships: large, medium and small, and then focus on the medium and small ships. The introduction to the texture, structure and performance of this kind of boat is quite subtle. Secondly, in the introduction, the author does not describe it mechanically, but touches it with emotion: "The bow of the ship has eyebrows and eyebrows, like a tiger, but it seems to be smiling, which is quite funny but not scary." Although there are only a few words, the mood is similar and full of interest. It can be seen that the author is immersed in the unique interest of the scenery in his hometown. And this was revealed inadvertently. Only in this way, I feel that the love is deep and lasting. Third, the seemingly insignificant "idle strokes" of "beating the horse general" actually show the closeness and unrestrictedness between friends. It can be seen that the idle pen has no other effect. The text introducing the boat is also unique and unique. The top of the canopy is "two or three inches" away from the head, which means it is short, "you can rest your hands on the left and right strings", which means it is narrow, and "if you are not careful, the bottom of the boat will turn up", it means it is flexible and light. "As if sitting on the water" is a special feeling.
In the third paragraph, the author takes on the dual role of friend and tour guide and acts as "advisor" for an old friend's boat trip. Let’s talk about travel time first and advise old friends not to be “impatient”. This is very consistent with travel psychology. Although it is "playing in the water", it is like "touring in the mountains". The light of the water and the scenery of the mountains complement each other beautifully; the author is well aware of the places and scenes to visit, which places are "most beautiful", which places are "interesting", and which places "should never go", as if he has something hidden in his heart. Zhang Jingcheng's travel maps are not only guides for others, but also for him to travel to his hometown and enjoy himself.
This article shows the author's love for his hometown and his sincere friendship with his friends by writing about the awning boat and other scenery. The article yearns for the "ideal way of entertainment" such as "reading essays", "drinking tea", "reading if you want, sleeping if you want", and "moving freely", although it also reflects some dissatisfaction with real life. Emotions, but mainly reflect the author's philosophy of life and life interests of the "scholar-bureaucrat class". In the fierce class struggle and civil struggle where "the wind blows in the face and wolves and tigers swarm", this philosophy of carpe diem can easily lead to political depression and wavering.
This article is written with ease and ease. Wherever the letter comes from, the conversation is eloquent. While narrating the objects, it is mixed with artistic insights and philosophical implications, integrating knowledge, ambiguity and philosophy. Written in an epistolary style, it is like meeting an old friend again, speaking from the heart, neither avoiding repetition nor focusing on consistency. "At first glance, it seems scattered and too complicated, but after reading it carefully, I feel that every sentence of his rambling talk has weight." (Yu Dafu, "New Literature Series: Preface to the Second Collection of Prose"). This is because the author deliberately pursues a plain and natural artistic realm. However, the diction has "too much chatter" and is less polished, and the writing is too "astringent", which hinders smooth communication.