Original "Red Cliff Fu"
Su Shi in Northern Song Dynasty
Notes on the title or background of a book.
Chibi was once the ancient battlefield of Wei and Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. However, the former site of this battlefield is Jiayu County, Hubei Province, and the author visited Chibi, Huanggang, Hubei Province. This article was written by the author and his friends when they visited Chibi. In it, he expressed his frustration and pain by visiting Chibi. On the one hand, he regrets the impermanence of life, on the other hand, he expounds the philosophy of change and invariance, which shows the author's open-minded and optimistic spirit.
original text
Looking forward to July in autumn, perilla boaters swim under the red cliff. The breeze blows gently and the water can't reach the surface. Give wine to the guests [26], recite the poem "Bright Moon" and sing graceful chapters. Not long after, the moon rose from Dongshan and hovered between the Big Dipper and the cow. Milky white fog across the river, clear water. Let the boat float on the boundless river and cross the boundless river. Vast as the wind of Feng Xu [27], I don't know where it ends; Fluttering like independence, feathering into immortality [28].
To annotate ...
[26] Genus [zh ǔ]: It means to persuade wine.
[27] Feng Xu Yu Feng: Riding the wind in the air. Feng, use "multiply". Virtual refers to the sky.
[28] Feathering: Taoism calls immortals "feathering" and thinks that they can fly away after becoming immortals. Ascending immortals and flying into fairyland.
translate
In autumn in Ren Xu, on July 16, my guests and I went boating on the river below Chibi. The breeze blew slowly, and there was no big movement in the ripples on the river. I raise a glass, invite guests to drink, recite the poem "The Bright Moon" and sing the chapter "My Fair". After a while, the moon rises from Dongshan and hovers between Beidou and Altair. White fog enveloped the whole river, and water lights were connected to the night sky. We let the boat drift freely on the boundless river. Vast as against the wind, I don't know where to go; The breeze seems to be drifting away, spreading its wings and soaring to the fairyland.
original text
So he drank happily and sang [29]. The song says: "Gui Gui is like a blue paddle, striking the sky and tracing the streamer. I am pregnant, I hope that beauty is one day [30]. " And the flute player, make peace according to the song. Their voices are sad, like resentment, like crying, like complaining, and the sound is endless. Dancing in the valley, crying for the lonely wife [3 1]. Perilla was very sad [32] and sat in danger and asked the guest, "What is it?"
To annotate ...
[29] Arrest: Slap the ship's rail. Here is the meaning of beat.
[30] Beauty: refers to a virtuous monarch, not a beautiful woman.
Li's wife: widow.
[32] Yan (qi m: o) ran: a sad look.
translate
At this time, we were very happy, so we knocked on the boat and sang. The lyrics are: "Gui Mu Zuo, Lan Mu Zuo Paddle, flapping the Qinghe River, facing the floating moonlight. My long love, looking at the wise monarch, he is in the distance. " One of the guests can play the flute and accompany them according to the melody of the lyrics. The flute sounds like resentment, yearning, crying, and lingering, like silk thread. The flute makes the dragon lurking in the abyss dance, and the widow in the lonely boat cries. I couldn't help feeling sad. I straightened my skirt, sat up straight and asked the guest, "Why is the flute so bleak?"
original text
The guest said, "There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south." Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde? Looking at Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east, the mountains and rivers are misty and gloomy. Isn't this because Meng Zhizhi was trapped in Zhou Lang? Fang Qi broke Jingzhou, went down to Jiangling, went downstream to the east, drove thousands of miles [33], covered the sky with banners, drank near the river [34], wrote poems horizontally, and became a hero in the world. Now he is at home! My son and I are fishing on the river, and we are friends with fish, shrimp and elk. Drive a boat and lift a bottle to each other; It is a drop in the ocean to send a mayfly into the earth. Lament the moment of my life and admire the infinity of the Yangtze River; Fly with the flying fairy, hold the bright moon, and grow up. Knowing that it is impossible to get it suddenly, I heard about it in hate Taiwan [36]. "
To annotate ...
[33] zhú lú: Zhú refers to the stern and zhú refers to the bow.
[34] Mix (shι) wine: pour wine. This means "sprinkling wine". Sprinkling wine on the river is a tribute to the ancient heroes.
[35] sentence of "Mayfly": It is temporarily parasitic between heaven and earth like a mayfly. Mayflies, the name of insects, are said to be born in the morning and die at night, and their survival time is very short.
[36] Aftersound: the aftersound of the flute. The autumn wind is biting.
translate
The guest said, "There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south." Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde? Looking west from here, it is Xiakou, and looking east, it is Wuchang. It's surrounded by mountains and waters, full of green. Isn't this the place where Cao Mengde was besieged by Zhou Yu? In those days, Jingzhou was captured, Jiangling was captured, and it ran east along the river. Warships stretch for thousands of miles, flags cover the sky, wine is sprinkled on the river, and spears recite poems. A generation of heroes! But where is it now? Besides, you and I are just fishing fires and firewood in Shazhou on the river, with fish and shrimp as partners and elk as friends; Take a boat, raise a glass and drink each other; Entrust this short life as a ephemera between heaven and earth, as small as a grain in the sea; Sigh the shortness of our lives and envy the endless flow of the Yangtze River; I wish to walk with the immortals and live forever with the bright moon. I know this idea can't be got at once, so I have to send a flute in the sad autumn wind. "
original text
Perilla said, "Do you know my husband's water and the moon? The deceased is like this, but he has never been there; Those who are full of emptiness are like this [37], and the dead do not rise and fall. Gai must view it from its changers, then heaven and earth can't be in an instant; From its unchanging point of view, things are infinite to me. What do you envy? Between heaven and earth, everything has its own master. If it's not mine, it's a dime. However, the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains are wonderful to hear and beautiful to meet. It is the creator's endless hiding place, and my son and I are suitable [38]. " So the companion smiled happily, wiped the cup clean again and poured it again. All the dishes have been eaten, and the cups and plates are in a mess. I don't know the east is red [39].
To annotate ...
[37] surplus and deficiency: refers to the moon.
[38]*** Suitable: * * Enjoy together. Comfort: Enjoy.
[39] Pillow: Sleep on it.
translate
I said, "Do you know rivers and the moon? The river keeps flowing, but it doesn't actually flow away; The moon is round and short, but it doesn't increase or decrease at all. Judging from their changes, everything between heaven and earth will change every blink of an eye; If everything and us are eternal from an unchanging point of view, why envy them? Besides, between heaven and earth, everything has its own master. If it's not mine, don't take it even if it's nothing. Only the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains, ears can hear its voice, eyes can see its color, inexhaustible. This is an endless treasure of nature, and you and I can share it together. " Hearing this, the guest smiled happily, washed the glass and drank the wine again. All the vegetables and fruits have been eaten, and the cups and plates are lying about. We slept on each other's pillows on the boat, and before we knew it, it was dawn in the east.
Comment and analysis
This poem mainly expresses the feeling of boating on Chibi on a moonlit night. It organizes the whole article by visiting Chibi with guests, drinking and writing poems, and answering questions between subject and object, expressing the author's depression after political frustration.
In the name of reminiscing about the past, this paper depicts a poetic realm and expresses the author's desire to get rid of worldly troubles. Then the subject and object meditate on the ship, compose poems and songs, and put forward contradictions in the way of subject-object question and answer. The guest's answer reveals the feeling of nostalgia for the past and the insignificance of life, while the author's sentence "Walk with Fei Xian and die with the bright moon" is self-consolation. He explained the dialectics of the eternity of heaven and earth, the changelessness and changelessness of everything and life by talking about the change and changelessness of rivers and bright moons.
The language of the article is fresh and smooth, and the rhythm is beautiful. Among them, the combination of mixed words, dialogue, scenery description, lyricism and discussion is extremely natural and ingenious, and it is an eternal swan song in prose.