Building a house is in human territory, without the noise of horses and chariots.
What can you do? The heart is far from being self-centered.
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely.
The weather is getting better every day, and the birds are back.
This makes sense. I forgot to tell the difference.
This drinking poem is Tao Yuanming's last five-character poem 1 16, which best represents his personal thoughts. There are 20 poems about drinking, and this one is the best. In fact, this poem was not famous or appreciated in the era when Tao Yuanming lived, because it was in that poem.
The so-called "building a house is in a humanistic environment, but there are no chariots and horses." This illustrates two problems. First, life in human environment is "noisy" and helpless; Second, the author's "being in a human environment" is different from others' "being in a human environment", and there is no noise of cars and horses. Then the author puts the perspective into the perspective of the third person and asks, "Why can you do this when everyone else avoids the noise of cars and horses?"? (Asked He Junneng) "The answer is:" Away from the noise, of course, there will be less troubles for cars and horses, and then it seems that even the original residence in the' humanistic environment' has become remote. "
Then it describes that in such a state of mind, life is also quiet and carefree, which is the most praised part of the whole poem. It uses two places and two movements to draw an artistic conception that is free from vulgarity and interesting-picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely.
"The weather in the mountains is getting better every day, and birds are homing. There is real meaning in this, but I forgot what I wanted to say. " The weather in the mountains, whether in the morning or at dusk, is refreshing. At sunset, in such refreshing weather, the birds return to the forest together, and then take on the leisurely life of picking chrysanthemums and overlooking Nanshan as mentioned above. The author thinks that there seems to be a truth in life here, but it is nothing to pursue it carefully.
This poem is beautiful, beautiful and beautiful. There is nothing stiff in the whole poem. It is a picture that describes the author's life pursuit completely naturally and unconsciously, but even forgets the author's own existence. This is a kind of self-absence, which is the best interpretation of "harmony between man and nature".
Tao Yuanming is a descendant of Tao Kan, the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Only in his generation, the family has declined. I have also been an official intermittently, but my backing is not hard and my temper is particularly arrogant. He finally returned to his hometown and became a hermit. A group of 20 poems "Drinking", written at the beginning of his retirement, generally expressed the pleasure of drunkenness and his perception of life. This article is the most famous.
People living in the world must always find the value of life, otherwise they will be in anxiety and anxiety. There is always a set of accepted values in society, which most people use as the basis for settling down. In Tao Yuanming's era, power, status and reputation were the main values. But Tao Yuanming has deeply understood through his own experience that to get all this, we must try our best to get it, compete and pretend. Sex is indispensable. There is no dignity here. Since he is willing to quit the officialdom, he must deny the socially recognized value scale and find a new explanation for his life.
The first four sentences of this poem show a reclusive attitude, that is, the denial of power and fame. At the beginning, he said that although his residence was built in an environment where people came and went, he could not hear the noise of cars and horses. The so-called "noisy chariots and horses" refers to the crowded scene of people with status. Tao Yuanming is also a descendant of a noble family, but he has nothing to do with those who rise and fall in the secular world. Then it comes down to the core of these four sentences-"The heart is far away from itself". Spiritually, we have adopted an alienated, detached and indifferent attitude towards this world of fame and fortune, and the place where we live will naturally become secluded. "Away from the heart" is a deviation from the track of social life, which will inevitably lead to the separation from people running around on this track.
Then, excluding the social value scale, where can people establish the basic point of survival? This involves Tao Yuanming's philosophy. This philosophy can be called "natural philosophy". On the one hand, it emphasizes the self-cultivation, frugality and lustless lifestyle, on the other hand, it attaches importance to the unity and harmony between man and nature. In Tao Yuanming's view, people not only exist in society and the relationship between people, but more importantly, every individual life, as an independent spiritual subject, exists in the face of the whole nature and universe. Human life is a part of nature. Life is full of anxiety and contradictions only because people separate themselves from nature and compete and pursue in illusory and worthless power and fame. Therefore, only by returning to nature can we get a perfect life.
These truths, if written directly in poetry, become papers; Real poetry is expressed through images. So in the next four sentences, the author still writes about human activities and natural landscapes, and puts philosophy in images. The poem states that he picked chrysanthemums at random in the garden and inadvertently looked up to meet Nanshan (Lushan). "Seeing Nanshan leisurely" is not only a light and leisurely state of people, but also a quiet and comfortable feeling of mountains. There is a kind of melody that emanates from people's hearts at the same time, reaching its peak and merging into a light music. The Nanshan Mountain, surrounded by a mist, is indescribable in the setting sun, and flocks of birds are flying back to the mountain together. This is the peace and perfection of nature, and it will not be as anxious as secular people, so desperately pursuing things other than life. The poet seems to have completely disappeared.
The last two sentences are the summary of the whole poem: here we can understand the true meaning of life, but we can't find the right language to express it. Practical meaning refers to the harmony between man and nature, which is basically a feeling of life, and logical language is not enough to express its exquisiteness and completeness.
Most of Tao Yuanming's poems are literal and easy to understand. But the connotation is deep and needs to be experienced repeatedly. For young people, there are many things that I'm afraid I can't really understand until I have rich life experience.