"Loose in the East Garden, the grass has no posture". The pine trees in the East Garden were submerged by all kinds of lush weeds, so that their tall and straight posture could not be displayed at all. This was originally a very common natural phenomenon, but the poet used the word "no", which clearly showed the relationship between pine trees and weeds. Originally handsome pine tree, because it is in the weeds in the East Garden, the weeds are out of the limelight, and people love this delicate and lovely weed even more than they love pine trees.
Until one day, "frosting is different", all kinds of vines and weeds that were originally beautiful disappeared overnight. These weeds, which once swaggered on the pine posture, fell at the foot of the pine tree in an instant, so the pine tree stood tall. After the grass was drowned, the image of Song Qing appeared.
Poets have lived in officialdom for a long time, knowing the darkness and struggle of officialdom, and they hate this phenomenon. In this poem, the poet takes "the pine in the East Garden" as a metaphor, which shows that real heroes will appear in severe tests. On weekdays, talented people are just like mediocre people. The snobbery and flattery of mediocre people sometimes cover up the brilliance of talented people. Only after the severe test like "first frost", talented people will "stand out" and mediocre people can only be eliminated. The poet vividly described two different situations of Song Qing with unique expression techniques, in which there was affection and reason. The whole poem takes "frost" as a turning point, so the whole poem is rigorous in structure, rich in connotation, and the form and content complement each other.
"If you are cold, you will know that the pine and cypress will wither." (The Analects of Confucius Zi Han) After Confucius' teaching, the beauty of pine and cypress symbolizes noble personality and becomes one of the collective consciousness of China culture. China's poems also praise the masterpieces of pines and cypresses. Nevertheless, the eighth song "Song Qing in the East Garden" in Tao Yuanming's Drinking is very distinctive. "Song Qing is in the East Garden, and the grass has no posture." The posture of the pine tree is quite beautiful. Born in the East Garden, but hidden in the grass. It can be seen that the grass is deep and powerful. The loneliness of pine trees is self-evident. "first frost is different, you can see Gao Zhi." If you swim, you will become extinct. , heterogeneous, refers to grass, as opposed to pine. Branches are called branches. In the cold, first frost, the grass withered. As a result, the tall and straight heroic posture of pine trees and the stunning evergreen trees are outstanding in the world. When spring and summer are warm, the grass is green, too. And the grass is deep enough to temporarily cover the pine trees. Unfortunately, the grass could not stand the severe frost and finally withered. "Even foresters don't realize that being alone is very strange." If there are many pine trees and pine forests, it is difficult to give people a strong sense of uniqueness. It's only because a pine tree looks down on the world that it's surprising. The above six sentences constitute more than half of the whole poem, which is purely comparative. As Wu Zhantai said in Shi Taohui's Notes, the pine tree symbolizes his unswerving personality, and the grass refers to a group of people who have no taste and moral integrity. Frost is easier to understand than the bad political climate at that time. Only the sentence "Even the forester doesn't realize that it is strange to be alone" has profound meaning and is the tightest, so we should understand it carefully. It is amazing that a pine tree is outstanding and graceful. It is special because grass can't have the quality of pine trees. If the garden is full of pine trees, this one is not surprising. A scholar with noble personality is different. In fact, this is also because a group of scholars themselves failed to stand up straight. If a scholar can flow like Gao Shi, or become a generation of scholars with noble personality, Gao Shi is not bad. According to China's cultural tradition, "I want to be good, but I can be good" (The Analects of Confucius)-everyone has the inherent factors of walking upright. "Everyone can think of Yao and Shun" ("Mencius Gao Zixia")-everyone can establish their own subjective personality. It is a pity that literati often indulge in selfish desires and find it difficult to "stand tall". As Zhu said: "Although the figures in the Jin and Song Dynasties are lofty, they all want official positions. Generally speaking, they want the right to accept goods. Can Tao Yuanming really have it? This is higher than the figures in the Jin and Song Dynasties. " (Tao Shu's Appendix to the Collected Works of Mr. Jing Jie) Yuan Ming and Shao have no rhyme, and they are worthy of staying up late. The last four sentences, write yourself directly. "Lift a pot and hang a cold ke. When you look far away, it will be restored." Han Ke inherited the "first frost" above. The next sentence, Tao Shu's note: "This sentence is upside down, and it is far-sighted." You're right. Yuanming loves the pine trees in Dongyuan, so he hangs the hip flask on the pine branches and drinks under the pine trees. Even if you don't go to the garden, you often come from afar to see the posture of pine trees. How kind it is to hang a pot of cold coffee. Looking at the posture of pine trees from a distance is affectionate. It is obvious that deep hearts often get a kind of spiritual nourishment from the outstanding lofty sentiments of pine trees. This is exactly what Zhuangzi said, that is, "adapting to things", "springing with things" and "being alone with the spirit of heaven and earth" (see Zhuangzi Tai Shang Huang, De Chong Fu and Tian Xia respectively). "In my dream room, there is nothing to worry about." Summarizing a few words is a bit abrupt. It seems that it has nothing to do with the above, but it does. Dream, a metaphor for the brevity of life, shows that life can be cherished. If you are stubborn, you will be bound. Dust is a dust net, which means the world is like a net and refers to official career. Life is so limited that you can cherish it. You don't have to bind yourself in the dust net and lose your independent and free personality. This firm and noble personality is like a pine tree. This is the real protagonist. The spiritual realm and artistic attainments of Yuanming's poems are a perfect match. The first half of the picture is purely a metaphor, praising the lofty posture of pine trees. In the second half of the painting, I used Fu to express my appreciation of pine trees and cherish my personality. The whole poem is seamless, which is actually a portrayal of the whole personality at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. The whole poem sentence is remarkable, which can be described as the taste beyond rhyme and infinite. In particular, the phrase "even foresters don't realize that loneliness is strange" reveals that everyone stands up with noble personality, which is not unusual and has far-reaching significance and can be cherished. "Poetry, Xiaoya, Painting by the Above" says: "Only all of them are similar." Because the profound and noble personality is similar to that of Song Qing, this poem takes Song Qing as its own portrayal, and its high realm comes from nature.