On the theory of harmony and the unconsciousness of Han nationality (Han chauvinism)
What is the relationship between "world literature" and "national literature"? World literature is not independent literature except any national literature, nor is it independent of all national literature. World literature is a national literature with a certain world or an interrelated multilateral literature composed of national literature. Logically speaking, the relationship between them is general and special or whole and part. Therefore, in my understanding, both the world and the nation have their own literature, so national literature is the nation of literature, and world literature is the world of literature. World literature includes national literature and its multilateral literature. To put it bluntly: national literature is literature in a narrow sense. For example, Lu Xun, we think it is great, and others don't know what to say when they look at it. So even if he has a lot to say, he won't win the Nobel Prize. World literature, such as Tagore, contains some things that reflect human love. National literature is a reflection of the national character of literature, which is presented by the collision and fusion of literature in the cultural exchanges among various groups within the nation. As far as its occurrence is concerned, it is the result of human literary activities, that is, it stems from the limitations of material conditions-transportation, transmission, preservation, information and so on. Due to the different cultural environment of the nation, the nationality of literature is characterized by unique national character, unique social life, unique natural environment, unique language, unique genre and unique expression.
Therefore, national literature has its own uniqueness, which will not be exactly the same in national literature, and there are more or less personalized factors. For example, China national literature is completely different from American national literature. National literature still maintains its own uniqueness in the environment of world integration.
However, the mutual influence and promotion between national literature is an objective fact in the history of Chinese and foreign literature development, and it is also one of the inherent laws of literary development. In the world, the mutual communication between different countries and different nationalities is an indispensable and important condition to promote the globalization of literature. Once the literature of all ethnic groups is formed, it is not only their own, but also the spiritual wealth of mankind, and sooner or later it will tend to communicate with other ethnic groups in the world.
Because of this relationship, world literature was born slowly.
With the impact of globalization and post-school thoughts, the value of the concept of "world literature" put forward by Goethe and Marx in the first half of the19th century is highlighted again. On June 365438+1October 3 1, 1827, Goethe first put forward the concept of "world literature" which was widely known later. He said in the transcript, "I believe that a world literature is taking shape, and all ethnic groups welcome it and take gratifying steps. Germany can and should do many things here, and it will play a beautiful role in this great gathering. " Goethe expected the development of "national literature" to promote the process of literary canonization. In Marx's original vision, "world literature" is related to the formation of "world market", which points to a future development form of literature and understands the existence of national literature from literary ideals and spiritual inspiration. The current understanding is that the arrival of the so-called "world literature" is still an expectation. We must return to national literature and strengthen the mutual blending and communication between national literature. The occurrence of literature and art is always regional or national, but as far as literature and art are concerned, it is human or worldwide from the beginning. Goethe's concept of "world literature" is an extension of his "national literature". Paying attention to national literature in the world vision will expand the world of literature from the nation to the world, thus predicting the emergence of world literature that nourishes the individuality of national literature and breaks through the narrow national barriers. The first person who conceived the concept of world literature was not an Englishman, a Frenchman or a person from other countries, but a German who sought some way to admire national literature in the division of his motherland. This situation itself is intriguing, and this giant who has made cultural contributions is even more admirable! Because Germany was divided at that time, there were many principalities, and there were about 300 small principalities. External communication is narrow and conservative, not to mention the communication within the principality is full of obstacles and difficulties for the East. The sour reality in Germany is disappointing and regrettable. Until the turn of the century from 65438 to 2008, Germany was still in a state of separatism, and the whole nation lacked a social center where writers could meet, so "national culture" was impossible for German writers at that time. The national reality did not provide the necessary conditions for German writers to cast national literature. Without a clear national culture and literary identity, it is easier for writers to explore and create their own national culture and literature. For writers like Goethe and Schiller, who have become rich in national symbols, what they could do at that time was to trace back the literature and art of ancient Greece and Rome and learn from the classic writers of Britain and France, in addition to their predecessors' continuing to explore the national historical heritage.
Therefore, in my understanding, both the world and the nation have their own literature, so national literature is the nation of literature, and world literature is the world of literature. World literature includes national literature and its multilateral literature. After constant communication and collision, the microscopic and narrow national literature gave birth to a huge world literature. To put it bluntly: national literature is literature in a narrow sense. For example, Lu Xun, we think it is great, and people in other countries don't know what to say at first sight. So even if he has a lot to say, he won't win the Nobel Prize. World literature, such as Tagore, contains some things that reflect human love. Even if a nation is different from a country, its essence can distort people.