Secondly, Jia Sheng is a poem used by Li Shangyin to satirize the present. Although Jia Yi was once relegated to the world in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, it was not neglected. On the contrary, Emperor Wen of Han attached great importance to Jia Yi's point of view and even worshipped him as a teacher. The conversation in Xuan Shi was a meeting when Jia Yi was called to North Korea for the second time. Because Xuan Shi's sacrifice was still there, the conversation between them shifted to ghosts and gods.
Jia Yi was a famous political commentator and writer in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty. His representative works include On Tong Qin, Public Security Policy, On Shu Xu and so on. His writing style is simple and sober, and he is praised as "the great prose of the Western Han Dynasty" by later generations.
According to the biography of Han Jia Yi, in the early days of Liu Heng's rule, Jia Yi was specially called to North Korea as a doctor because he heard that he was a "Luoyang prodigy" since he was a child. At that time, Jia Yi was only in his twenties. At that time, doctors, mostly elderly scholars, were mainly used to take charge of the world's classics and documents for the emperor to consult at any time. In other words, it is similar to the role of the staff or think tank of later generations.
Compared with other doctors, Jia Yi is heroic and ambitious. Whenever Wendi and other doctors are discussing, and other old doctors can't speak, Jia Yi always puts forward unique opinions, so he is deeply trusted by Wendi. Less than a year after entering the DPRK, Jia Yi was promoted to traditional Chinese medicine.
Facing the hungry question of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, Jia Yi threw a series of strategies at him, and clearly put forward suggestions on preparing for danger in times of peace and getting rid of bad politics. In On Qin, Jia Yi explicitly quoted the story of Qin Ershi's death and told Wendi that "the past should not forget the future". "Learning from the past, learning from the future" is the origin of the idiom "learning from the past".
However, since ancient times, reform is difficult and difficult. Reformers of any era will face great resistance. Those vested interests who cling to the remnants cannot be cleaned up in a short time. For example, during the Warring States period, the Wuqi Reform of Chu died because of short time and radical policies. In contrast, Shang Yang's political reform in Qin was carried out for a long time on the basis of learning Li Kui's experience in Wei's political reform and inheriting Qin Xiangong's New Deal, and it was basically completed in Qin Shihuang's period.
Shortly after Jia Yi entered the DPRK, he put forward a series of reform suggestions to Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, such as "promoting rites and music, celebrating the new moon, and being easy to serve color", and clearly put forward the idea of weakening princes and princes and gathering the financial power of the world. But the problem is that Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty has just cleaned up Lu's power with the support of imperial clan and meritorious elders, and his power is not yet stable. Jia Yi's suggestion not only met with great resistance, but also did not conform to the national policy of self-cultivation in the early Han Dynasty.
Of course, Emperor Wendi was by no means a mediocre master. He knew very well how important it was for Jia Yi to consolidate his imperial power by cutting down governors, weakening active groups and increasing central finance. In the second year of Emperor Wendi, according to the suggestion in Jia Yi's On Storing and Sparing, the emperor strengthened the policy of valuing agriculture over commerce and promoted the prosperity of farming in the world. Soon, Emperor Wendi listened to Jia Yi's suggestion, forcing the governors of the meritorious veteran group to leave Beijing one after another and go to their fiefs, which weakened the influence of the veteran party on North Korea. Based on this, Wendi decided to promote Jia Yi again and prepare to appoint him as an official, which was strongly opposed by the elders and courtiers.
Elders represented by Zhou Bo, Guan Ying, Zhang Xiangru and Feng Jing. Slander Jia Yi's autocracy, undermine the patriarchal clan system of the country, and strongly oppose the appointment of Emperor Wen. In addition, because Jia Yi often despised and mocked Deng Tong, a favorite around Wendi, causing the latter's jealousy, he also fanned the flames and vilified Jia Yi in front of Wendi. Seeing the great resistance, Wendi gave up Jia Yi's appointment and went to Changsha in southern Chu. Changsha is the only vassal state with different surnames left by Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty. The first founding monarch was Wu Rui, the founding hero of the Han Dynasty.
When Jia Yi was ordered to be a teacher in Chu, Changsha was already Lord Wu V. Perhaps in Emperor Wendi's view, releasing Jia Yi can not only exercise young people's administrative ability, but also temporarily free him from the whirlpool of central power. However, Jia Yi obviously didn't understand Emperor Wen's good intentions, and his long trip away from home filled him with frustration and pessimism. People who study in Chu will inevitably think of Qu Yuan, who died less than one hundred years ago. At that time, Qu Yuan was also an advocate of Chu's reform, but he was expelled from Beijing by Chu Huaiwang because of the destruction of the courtiers and dignitaries. To this end, when Jia Yi crossed the Xiangjiang River, he specially wrote the "Hanging Qufu Garden" which has been passed down through the ages to express his indignation at his talent.
It stands to reason that after living in Changsha, Jia Yi should reflect on himself, change his shortcomings of being too rigid in political means and too radical in opinions, and learn from the lessons of Qu Yuan's failure in those years. However, the youthful Jia Yi's temperament really can't be changed. In the third year after he was released to Changsha, he wrote the famous "Advice on Casting Money" to Wendi, and clearly pointed out in it that the minions Deng Tong and Wu Wang Liu Bi would inevitably lead to economic turmoil and chaos in the world. But the problem is that Wu had excellent copper resources and its own system in the Han dynasty, so it was difficult for the court to govern with long arms. As a minion, Deng Tong secretly cast copper coins, which is the secret chess of the imperial court to deal with the princes, and cannot be deposed. Therefore, Jia Yi's final performance not only failed to produce effect, but deepened Deng Tong's hatred for him.
However, when Jia Yi was a teacher of Wu Wang in Changsha, the DPRK-China Meritorious Veterans Corps suffered heavy losses one after another. It turned out that Guan Ying, who suppressed Jia Yi, was dead, and Zhou Bo was forgiven and stopped asking about politics. Soon, Emperor Wen of Han recalled Jia Yi from Chu, and they had a long talk in the mysterious room where the gods were sacrificed in Weiyang Palace. It should be pointed out that Li Shangyin, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, once wrote a poem "Jia Sheng", saying that "Jia Sheng is even more incoherent and makes courtiers see him. Poor midnight is unprecedented, and Mo Wen people ask ghosts and gods. " But in fact, Emperor Wendi did not deliberately neglect Jia Yi, but the conversation between the two sides was too speculative, and then the topic expanded from sacrifice to ghosts and gods.
Of course, Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty was neither an emperor of the later Tang Dynasty nor Chu Huaiwang. As the pioneer of "the rule of culture and scenery", he is very aware of the importance of governing the country with talents and Jia Yi's talents. In order to carry out reform measures for a long time, Wendy made an amazing move. After Jia Yi entered the DPRK for the second time, he "worshipped Jia Yi as the teacher of King Huai of Liang". Liu Yi, King Huai of Liang, is the youngest son of Emperor Wen. He likes reading since he was a child, and he can be said to be one of the most promising literati in Wendi. In the view of Emperor Wendi, Jia Yi's series of reform measures in consolidating state affairs should not be rushed. Wendi learned the lesson from the Qin Dynasty and finally made a decision to let Jia Yi set an example to teach his successor.
On the one hand, he put forward the inevitability of cutting sects according to the lessons of successive rebellions by Wang with different surnames and Wang with the same surnames; On the other hand, it is also pointed out that the policy of closeness is by no means a long-term solution, and we must maintain an attitude of being prepared for danger in times of peace on the Xiongnu issue; Finally, he has been wary of the expansion of businessmen's economic power, and strongly advocated returning the right to coin to the central government and implementing the policy of attaching importance to agriculture and neglecting commerce.
Regrettably, however, in Jia Yi's fourth year as a teacher of Liang Huaiwang, Liang Huaiwang unfortunately fell off his horse and died on his way to see Wendi. This incident dealt a great blow to Jia Yi, which not only meant his serious dereliction of duty as a teacher and guardian, but also affected the implementation and promotion of his own and Wendi's grand reform plan. After that, although Jia Yi still tried his best to give advice to Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty and formulated a strategy to prevent Wu Chu from rebelling, he eventually became exhausted and lost confidence in life. He died at the age of 33.
Later, during the reign of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the imperial court frequently tried to cut off the vassal state, and after quelling the rebellion in Wu Chu, it accelerated the disintegration of the vassal state by "granting favors". As for the group of meritorious veterans, it vanished with the abnormal death of the famous Zhou Yafu. Deng Tong, the favorite of Emperor Wen, was punished by Emperor Jing for mining across the border. He was dismissed from office and confiscated all his property, and finally starved to death in Ya 'an. When the forces of princes, old clans and merchants were cut off one after another, the Han Dynasty under the control of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty began to abandon the pro-Xiongnu policy and set off a strategic counterattack sweeping across the whole East Asian continent.
Jia Yi, like a meteor in the period of Emperor Wen, lit up the hegemony of the Western Han Dynasty!