Poetry about history often distorts historical facts and reality, or regrets personal experience or criticizes social reality. For example, Su Shi's "Niannujiao Red Cliff Nostalgia" laments personal experience, the contradiction between ideal and reality, and achieves nothing in his career. Xin Qiji's Ode to Yule, Jingkou Gu Beiting and Nostalgia expressed his dissatisfaction with the imperial court's drag out an ignoble existence and attacked the social reality. There are also poems about history, which only reflect and evaluate history calmly and rationally, or just describe it objectively. The poet's own experience is not among them, and the poet's feelings are just the sound outside the painting. For example, Liu Yuxi's Wuyi Lane compares the past and the present, expressing the poet's sense of historical vicissitudes. The appreciation of epic poems should first understand historical facts and allusions, secondly understand intentions and feelings, and thirdly taste skills.
1. Official logo: The title contains the names of places of interest and ancient people, or the name of places of interest and ancient people is preceded by "forever", or the name of places of interest and ancient people is followed by "homesickness".
Wing Huai and so on.
2. The content features (1) express the ambition to make great achievements like the ancients, and express the feelings of remembering the ancients; (2) Express the feelings of ups and downs in the past, imply dissatisfaction or even criticism of reality, and satirize the present by using the past; (3) When worrying about the country and the people, expose the fatuity and decay of the rulers, sympathize with the sufferings of the lower classes, and worry about the future and destiny of the country and the nation; (4) lament the passage of time, ambition is hard to pay.
2. Poems about objects 1. The characteristics of object-chanting poetry: in content, take something as the object of description and grasp certain characteristics to describe it. Ideologically, it is often to express one's wishes. From things to people, from reality to nothingness, write spiritual character. Commonly used metaphor, symbol, personification and contrast. (1) Take the object as the topic.
(2) chanting (topic, gift, praise)+object.
2. Content characteristics: chanting things to express one's ambition or quality; Or express your thoughts on life and evaluation of personnel.
3. Analysis angle: the similarity between things and people (the combination of things and me), when appreciating, we should focus on what is written (1) and what are its characteristics. (2) What is ambition?
Third, writing poems Xie Lingyun created landscape poems in the Southern Dynasties, and Tao Yuanming created pastoral poems in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which developed into the Tang Dynasty. Landscape pastoral school, represented by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran.
Landscape pastoral poetry is good at describing natural scenery, pastoral scenery and comfortable seclusion life, with meaningful and beautiful poetic landscape, quiet and elegant style and clear and elegant language.
This kind of poetry is often lyrical in the scenery, lyrical in the scenery, and the writing is often sketched and set off.
1. Content scope: landscape poems and pastoral poems.
2. Writing characteristics: borrowing scenery to express feelings and melting lovers' scenery.
3. Analysis focus: scenery characteristics.
4. The theme of pastoral poetry.
(1) retired to the countryside and loved mountains and rivers; (2) Describe the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers and love the rivers and mountains of the motherland; (3) Reject the darkness of officialdom, express carefree mood, and express your noble character of never colluding with others.
Fourth, war poetry began in the pre-Qin Dynasty and developed into the Tang Dynasty. Because of frequent wars, the rulers value martial arts over literature, and it is much easier for scholars to compete for fame and gain by imperial examinations. In addition, the era atmosphere of active use of the world and high spirits in the prosperous Tang Dynasty greatly developed frontier poems and formed a new school of poetry represented by Gao Shi, Cen Can and Wang Changling.
1. Official symbol: the words "military" and "military" often appear in the title; There are also some old Yuefu poems, such as Liangzhou Ci, Youth Travel, Guan Shanyue and Joining the Army.
2. Basic theme: the desire to establish a career; The determination to defend the country; The pain of mountains and rivers falling; Homesickness living in the border for a long time; The hardships of life beyond the Great Wall and the tragic battles of successive years; Anger that there is no way to serve the country and sorrow that there is no hope of returning home.
3. Analysis focus: To appreciate frontier fortress poems, we should combine the author's life thoughts and the specific time of poetry creation, appreciate what the poet wrote in the poems and what kind of emotions he expressed, and pay attention to the scenery with frontier fortress characteristics and the events and psychology with war characteristics.
Five, travel poems and in my heart forever's poems, when the ancients were far away from home for a long time, or wandering for a long time, or guarding the border for a long time, they always caused a strong homesickness, so there are many such poems. They either write about the thoughts of traveling, or about missing relatives and friends, or about homesickness, or about being pregnant in a boudoir. In writing, I feel emotional about the scene, the moon (Mid-Autumn Festival, Chongyang Ascending, Spring Sorrow, Returning Home at Sunset), or lyrical about things (moon, geese, flute and willow), or lyrical about dreams, or lyrical about wonderful metaphors.
To appreciate this kind of poetry, we should determine the emotional category on the basis of overall perception; Grasping the image and constructing the picture; Grasp the key words and appreciate the artistic features.
Travel poems: mainly express the hardships and loneliness of travelers, as well as the thoughts of their hometown and relatives.
In my heart forever's poems: First, express women's yearning for their husbands who fought in the war, express their disgust at the war or encourage their husbands to make contributions; The second is to express the thoughts of her husband who is far away from home, and express the tenderness and sadness of women; The third is to express the resentment of women in the palace against the situation of being imprisoned and left out, and to express their yearning for a free and happy life.