What are the creative achievements of Bai Yuan Poetry School?

Bai Yuan Poetry School refers to Han Meng Poetry School represented by Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. They pay attention to realism and are still popular today. They launched the New Yuefu Movement, emphasizing punishing evil and promoting good in poetry, making up for the function of current politics, and striving to be easy to understand in language. In the middle Tang Dynasty, people called Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi "Bai Yuan". There have always been two completely different understandings about "Bai Yuan Poetry School". One school thinks that "Bai Yuan Poetry School" is "Yuanhe Style". Du Mu once accused: "Since Yuanhe, there have been indecent Bai Yuan poets, and most of them have been destroyed." Su Shi also commented that "Yuan is lighter than white customs". The poem "Bai Yuan" they despise means "harmony and style". What is "Yuan He Ti"? Yuan Zhen clearly stated in Poems on "xianggong": "Zhen and Bai Juyi are friends, classmates love literature, because their elegance is poetry. He is extremely poor in rhyme, or a thousand words, or 500 poems, so as to send them to each other. I can't judge myself by others. I often play with old rhymes and don't invent new words, which are called secondary rhymes as a reward. Between rivers and lakes, poets imitate each other and lack strength. As for the inversion of language, repetition and rhyme, etc. They are no different from the last one, and they also call themselves Yuan and Inscription Poems. " Accordingly, the so-called "Yuanhe Style" refers to the rhyme of Bai Yuan's long sentences, that is, "emphasizing secondary rhyme", "laying out the truth and comparing the sound", and reciting a glass of wine and the scenes with various customs. In the minds of some poets at that time and later generations, it was these poems that made "Bai Yuan" a school of poetry and had an impact. The new Yuefu poetry school also has another understanding of the "Bai Yuan poetry school". Among them, The Poems of Oubei written by Qing Dynasty is the most detailed: "Han, Meng, Yuan and Bai are the most important Tang poems in China. Han, Jing Meng, businessmen dare not speak; Yuan, Bai Shang Tan Yi, what people want. Try to be fair, poetry is based on temperament, and it should also be based on temperament ... Those who are frank and free and easy are more likely to be moved by the scene, because they are motivated to do things, have bright eyes, and their words are refreshing and chewy. " The "Bai Yuan Poetry School" we understand today refers to the poetry school that directly reflects the reality with simple and fluent language, which is relative to the "Han Meng Poetry School", and some people call it the "New Yuefu Poetry School". Bai Juyi's creation represents the highest achievement of Bai Yuan Poetry School, and his gains and losses in practice and theory are obvious. From a practical point of view, Bai Juyi's poems are different from the "Han Meng Poetry School", which consciously uses simplicity and makes people love it, so that "a teenager can explain a song of everlasting regret and Hull can sing a pipa". Contemporary Li Zhao used the word "shallow cut" to comment on Bai Juyi's poems. The so-called "shallow cut", according to our understanding today, "shallow" is not superficial, but the language is approachable; "Cut" is appropriate, which means that the narrative is appropriate, the scenery is cut to the scene, and the lyrics are attached to feelings. In short, the meaning of the question can be expressed appropriately. Bai Juyi's 172 satirical poems, especially 50 new Yuefu poems and 10 Qin Zhongyin poems, are the most superficial. These allegorical poems can closely connect with social reality in content, profoundly reflect people's sufferings and boldly expose political darkness; In artistic expression, either directly or indirectly, "the title of the first chapter" and "the ambition of the last chapter" are typical, with distinctive themes, flexible sentence patterns and fluent language. In particular, the writing of A Sad Thing is close to today's typical way of expressing * * * in personality. This is its "get". However, Bai Juyi's career was prosperous, his thoughts were depressed and his creation declined. In his later years, he was more sentimental and meditative, and his works were colorful, affectionate, complacent and harmonious, and his style was low. In art, some lay out the truth, compare the temperament, and boast of being profound; There is also "shallow" rather than "cut", which is close to vulgarity, meaning is too thin, language is too revealing, and it lacks charm and momentum. These two tendencies are different from his basic style of "shallow cutting" and can be regarded as his "loss". Theoretically, Bai Juyi inherited the Confucian tradition of "beauty is better than beauty" and put forward the idea that "articles should be written in time, songs and poems should be written in time", highlighting the "thorn" in "beauty" and emphasizing the role of poetry in criticizing political society. Correspondingly, he believes that the writing of poetry should be "concise, straightforward, practical in substance and fluent in style". This view has a decisive and positive influence on the formation of his "shallow" poetic style, but it also brings serious limitations to his poetic creation. He overemphasized that poetry creation should "conform to the times"-"make up for the shortcomings of the times", and regarded serving feudal rule as the only function of poetry, but often ignored the role of poetry in reflecting real life and expressing personal feelings in many aspects. He overemphasized "the truth of things" and often confused artistic truth with real life; He overemphasized "quality straightness" and "smoothness", but often denied the diversity of artistic styles and techniques of poetry. These cognitive limitations are most prominent in his negative evaluation of the romantic poetry tradition from Qu Yuan to Li Bai. Therefore, we say that investigating Bai Juyi's creative theory is also "gain" and "loss"