Cao Zhi's Collection and Annotation"
The two cranes traveled far away and lost each other by the East China Sea.
The male flew to Beishuo, while the female flew to Nanxiang in surprise.
Leave me alone and have fun together, and we have different ways of saying goodbye.
I will not hesitate to travel thousands of miles, but I am afraid that the sky will expand.
The two poems of Qin and Crane are sent to Jia Zhi'an, a Tongzhi.
The green Qi Qin of Yi Yi has a secret cloud harmony in the middle.
Play Mingyu once, and then play Qiang Nanjin.
The black crane dances gracefully, and the lonely phoenix sings quietly.
Oh, my worldly ears, I listen to the obscenities.
Chunyuan sun withers, who knows elegance and south? May the more southerly winds play to comfort the people of Sri Lanka.
Cao Zhi's "White Crane Ode" "The white plain bird is full of strange aura of auspiciousness"
Bai Juyi's "Chi Shang Chapter Preface" "Linghe strange stone, purple water chestnut White lotuses are all my favorites, and they are all before me."
Li Bai's "Reply to Cui Xuancheng on the River" "The mink fur is not the son of the season, and the crane's cloak is like Wang Gong"
"Traveling to Mount Tai" "Thousands of people" The peaks are crowded together, and the valleys are extremely fierce. I admire the crane and go to the immortal road."
"Inscribed on Songshan Yiren Yuanmu Pangshan Residence" "A humble wife likes to ride in a luan, and a charming daughter loves her. Flying cranes visit the gods, and from then on they refine the medicine."
Tang Dynasty Emperor Li Shimin's "Xi Xue" "Flying in the forbidden garden, the crane dances in memory of Yichuan."
Ten poems in "Tokyo". "The colorful phoenix came to the ceremony, and the mysterious cranes lined up."
Du Mu's "Farewell to the Crane" ""The sound breaks outside the blue clouds, and the shadow is alone in the bright moon''
Xue Neng's "Lost Crane" "Who can see it among the clouds in the daytime, where can I see it? "Flying in the snow in Cangzhou"
Wei Pu's "Hepi Rixiu Mourning the Crane" "The movement of the wind and the moon in the forest is suspected to be soul, and the fragrance and sadness of the sand island seem to contain emotions"
Zhu Dunru "Qianqiu Sui" 》"The sky is thousands of miles away, and the crane is a thousand years old."
The great poet Yan Shu's "Magnolia" "The red-shirted maid frequently pours wine, and the tortoise and crane immortals come to offer their birthdays. The joy and joy are new every time, and the green temples and jade face look like Old. "
Xiangzi's "Moon on the West River" "White cranes are dancing in the clouds, and green turtles are playing on the leaves. It is even more suspicious."
Li. "The thin crane and the long pine, accompanied by the moon Zhai Immortal, have lived in the human world for a long time."
Liu Deren's "Recalling the Crane" "The white clouds cannot be found, and the purple mansion has no reason to go." There is a bright moon in the sky here, and there are no mountains with feathered people."
Pi Rixiu's "Mourning the Crane and Send Friends to Request Peace" "There are still traces of the previous dynasty on the dark moss, and the bright moon is new without the sound of last night. I don't know when this regret will come. At the end of the day, when you encounter clouds and springs, you will feel sad."
Zhang Bi's "Mourning for Cranes and Attacking Beauty" "The east wind rises for no reason at dusk, and a cloud floats in the spring sky''
Wei Pu's "He "Pi Rixiu mourns the crane" "The movement of the wind in the forest and the moon seems to be soul, and the fragrance of the sand island seems to contain emotions"
Crane Ming Jiugao
Since ancient times, cranes have always been in the hearts of the Chinese people People regard it as an immortal bird, and you can ride it to heaven to meet the gods. In Chinese folk customs, cranes are always associated with longevity, immortality, peace and harmony. "Zi Shuo Lin Xun": "The crane lives for a thousand years, and it can travel to the extreme. "Wang Jian's poem "Xiaohua": "Peach blossoms and blind leaves will not become spring, and cranes that live for thousands of years will not become gods." Traditional auspicious patterns often use cranes and pine to form the pattern of "crane lives and pines age", which is used for birthday decorations. In the idiom, "crane hair and childish face" , a metaphor for the health and longevity of the elderly and rejuvenation.
The reason why the crane is cherished in China is for many reasons. First of all, the crane has a graceful and graceful appearance. This is evidenced by history. "Shiyi Ji" says: "During the reign of King Zhao of Zhou Dynasty, Tu Xiuguo presented a male and a female Qingluan Xiudan crane, and fed them with millet from Tangao and drank them with water from the Rongxi River. "This shows that cranes have been raised in the pre-Qin Dynasty and were pets of princes and nobles at that time. "Historical Records·Funny Biography" says: "The King of Qi sent Chunyu Kun to offer swans to Chu. After leaving the city gate, Dao flew his swan, only to uncover the empty cage. "It should be noted that the "Hu" mentioned here is the so-called crane. "Hu" is used as "Crane" in Volume 9O of "Yi Wen Lei Ju". "Erya Wings" says: "Ancient books also talk about swans, and swans are The turn of crane sound. Later generations use swans. "According to these records, it can be seen that cranes are also used as pets as precious gifts between countries. In ancient times, cranes were often used for trading. Chunyu Kun said: "Swans, hairy things, many kinds of animals, I want to buy them. In other words, you are deceiving my king because you don’t believe it. "This statement proves that the phenomenon of buying pets already existed at that time.
Generally speaking, most pets are not domestic animals, and cranes are no exception. Quoted from Volume 2 and 3 of Li Shangyin's "Tiaoxi Yuyincong Hua Qianji" "Western Qing Dynasty Poems" says: "Killing the scenery means washing your feet in the clear spring, drying your clothes under the flowers, building a building with your back on the mountain, burning the piano and cooking cranes, and sipping tea from the flowers." This shows that killing cranes as domestic animals and eating them is "killing the scenery." Of course, the ancients also killed cranes, but they were not used for food. According to "Han Shu Jiao Si Zhi Xia", people killed cranes in order to use the meat for medicine. . This is the worship of immortals in ancient times. In addition, people also kill cranes for the purpose of taking their feathers. In Luo Guanzhong's "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", the author describes Zhuge Kongming watching the enemy in front of the city, wearing a turban. Cranes are the feathers of cranes.
The ancients loved cranes not only because of their beautiful appearance, but more importantly because of their unique individual qualities. , they spread their wings and dance whenever the sun shines; the ancients raised cranes, which has been repeatedly recorded in literature.
"Zuo Zhuan" once mentioned a king named Wei Yigong. He loved cranes very much and spent all day with cranes. As a result, the country was destroyed. It can be said that he lost his ambition by playing with things. During the Spring and Autumn Period, King Helu of Wu, one of the Five Hegemons, was also obsessed with raising cranes (Volume 4 of "Wu Yue Spring and Autumn Annals"). By the Six Dynasties period, the Chinese people's hobby of raising cranes began to expand from monarchs to ordinary scholar-bureaucrats, thus forming a certain scale. The famous crane keeper of that period was Yang Hu, who has a special mention in history books. "Yu Di Ji Sheng·Jianling Mansion" says: "Jin Yang Hu is in Jingzhou, and there are many cranes in Jiangling Ze. They often take them and teach dance to entertain guests." Someone also said: "In the past, Uncle Yang had a crane that was good at dancing, and he always called it to his guests." Yanghu's crane is famous for being "good at dancing," which shows that the ancients raised cranes for entertainment. There are also records in ancient books about how to train cranes to dance. Song Linhong's "Shan Jia Qing Shi·Xiang He Jue" says: "If you want to teach how to dance, wait for the food to be stuffed and place it in a wide distance, and use your palms to lure it. Then it will flutter its wings and chirp, as if it is dancing. After a long time, it will smell the food and eat it. When it starts, this food will transform. "Ming Dynasty Tulong's "Kaopan Yushi·Yuhe Jian·Hepin" says: "If you want to teach the boy to dance, when he is hungry and tired, put food in the open field and make the boy shake his palms with joy. The first one is enough to seduce it, and then the other one will flap its wings and chirp, and then it will start dancing with ease. Once you get used to it, it will start dancing as soon as you hear it and hold your palm, which is called food transformation." In the Tang Dynasty, the enthusiasm of scholar-bureaucrats in raising cranes remained undiminished. For example, Feng Zhi's "Yunxian Miscellanies·Jincheng Ji" of the Tang Dynasty said: "Wei Jichuan raised sky cranes and ate them with porridge and rice every day, and he became literate in three years. Jichuan checked the books and made sure that the cranes took the right titles." It soared over the snow, and its long cry reached nine o'clock. The ancients have known about it for a long time, and there are also many records in ancient documents. "Zhongfu" in the Book of Changes says: "On the 92nd, the crane crows in the shade, and its son harmonizes with it: I have a good prince, and I will be with you." This means that the white crane crows in the shade of the mountain, and its kind responds to the sound. He: I have sweet wine, and I am willing to drink and have fun with you. The central hexagram meaning of "Zhongfu" is sincerity and keeping one's nature. To express this emotional state, the crane's cry is used to evoke feelings. "The Book of Songs·Xiaoya·Crane Ming" says: "The crane's cry is heard in Jiugao, and the sound is heard in the wild." Gao is the shore land by the water. Kong Yingda said: "Crane is a bird that is good at singing, so you can hear its singing in the wild." Zhu Xi, an acting scholar of the Song Dynasty, explained that "cranes have long necks, tall feet, and a naked top, white neck, and black tail. Their songs are loud and clear." "The crane is three feet long and more than three feet high. It has a red top with red eyes, red cheeks and green feet, and a strong and withered tail." The knees are slender, the feathers are white and black, and some are gray or pale. They sing in the middle of the night, and the sound is heard in the sky. "From the above literature, when people describe the shape of the crane, they all mention the sound of the crane, so later. People praise virtuous people as "people with cranes singing". Ancient Chinese literati often used cranes to protect their nature and express their emotions. The poem "Yellow Crane Tower" written by Cui Hao of the Tang Dynasty, "People in the past have ridden the Yellow Crane, and the Yellow Crane Tower is empty here. Once the Yellow Crane is gone, it will never return, and the white clouds will remain empty for thousands of years." The world has long been familiar with it. Su Shi, a great writer in the Song Dynasty, was a master of writing about cranes. Many of his poems and essays use cranes as images, which are rich in meaning and thought-provoking. The first thing to note about Su Shi's poem about cranes is "The Crane Pavilion". The poet greatly admired the character of the crane, which "takes it as an object, resting in the clear distance, transcending the dust"; he also praised the crane's "alone in the stream all day long". I am very yearning for the life of "walking among the valleys, pecking at the green moss and walking on the white stones." After the "Wutai Poetry Case" occurred, the author even used a solitary crane to describe himself: "There was a solitary crane coming across the river from the east, with wings like wheels, wearing black silk clothes, and roaring suddenly, and it flew to the boat and headed west." The lonely crane crowed across the river, without any hesitation or greed, expressing the poet's strong personal emotions.
In ancient Chinese fairy novels, cranes often become the subject of description. Because cranes have fairy spirit, the arrival of cranes heralds the arrival of gods. Therefore, in novels, cranes are often "feathered and ascended to immortality". " theme. Ancient Chinese people used crane feathers to transform into immortals, including immortals transforming into cranes, mortals transforming into cranes, and cranes helping them ascend. There are many ancient novels in which immortals turn into cranes, because immortals and cranes are inherently integrated with each other in the traditional Chinese concept. The crane is an immortal, and the crane has the characteristics of an immortal - it is a symbol of longevity and immortality. Therefore, it is not surprising that immortals transform into cranes and cranes transform into immortals often appear in novels. As for mortals turning into cranes and flying into the sky to become immortals, this is the most unique form of mortals becoming immortals. Mortals can turn into cranes, which is a common ideal pursuit of ancient Chinese people. Because immortals are carefree and live a prosperous life, ascending to immortality means entering the realm of blessings. The method of crane-assisted ascension refers to the fact that mortals are assisted by cranes when they ascend to immortality. To this day, we still say that the deceased person "drove westward on a crane".
Crane is an auspicious object, so ancient Chinese handicrafts often have the image and shape of cranes. For example, on the Warring States period standing crane square pot unearthed in Xinzheng, Henan, there is a scene of a crane fluttering its wings and about to fly. (Attached photo) Mr. Guo Moruo said that this crane "breaks through the grand mist of ancient times. It is hesitant and full of ambition, looking at everything, trampling tradition under its feet, and wanting to fly higher and farther." Cranes are also often represented in ancient painters' works. Subject matter, such as Bian Wenjin, a court flower and bird painter of the Ming Dynasty, who was a master of crane painting. The cranes painted in his "Bamboo Crane Picture" are vivid and lifelike, and the feathers are treated with meticulous care, fresh and natural. There are also "Snowy Plum Blossoms and Cranes" and "Spring Birds, Flowers and Trees" which are also very exquisite. They not only show the rich and bright mood of the cranes, but also have an otherworldly atmosphere.
In folk art, cranes are also one of the auspicious decorations that people often cut and paste. For example, the folk paper-cut "Deer and Crane Spring Together" uses cranes to convey that spring is everywhere. A scene where everything is prosperous. These auspicious patterns not only provide people with the enjoyment of beauty and artistic influence, but also inspire people's thinking and creativity. They also have far-reaching significance in enriching human modern life and satisfying people's spiritual needs.