The teaching purpose of the teaching plan of the president of the Palace Museum People's Education Publishing House, the first volume of the eighth grade Chinese.
First, by highlighting the key points in the article, I will learn how to explain things in detail, and experience the role of writing in introducing architecture according to spatial order.
Second, understand the orientation, characteristics and uses of the main buildings in various parts of the Forbidden City, and understand that the architectural design of the Forbidden City reflects the characteristics of feudal emperors everywhere.
Third, learn locative words. Teaching assumption
First of all, use what you have learned about expository writing and the purpose of this article? Preview tips? To clarify the structural level and explanation order of this article, you can combine the way of asking students to fill in the schematic diagram.
Second, focus on reading the relevant paragraphs introducing the Hall of Supreme Harmony and hall of mental cultivation. What other explanation can be given? Read it. In the discussion, it is emphasized that the introduction of architecture should not be uniform with pen and ink, but should be refined appropriately, but the detailed treatment should be based on the characteristics of architecture.
Third, teachers and students sum up together and complete a certain amount of exercises in class.
Teaching hours: the teaching process of a class.
First of all, preview, eliminate text barriers:
1. Pinyin the following dotted words:
Jong (Lu? N) electric panel (p? Ann: Li? ) gold
Jade seal (xǐ) concubines (P? N) Zhan (zh? blue
Imperial edict (y? ) puppet (ku ǐ l Ι i) Iraq (y? ) Gong Kun
Repair (sh? N) Strike out (Q? Ng) Zhao (zh? O) books
2. Explain the added words:
The world is famous (all) in the world (the same? Pu? Coastal assessment of soil (along)
Break (endure, support)
Bring disaster to the country and the people (make? Suffer; Manufacturing? Suffer)
3. reading? Learning focus? And then what? Self-study tips? , clear the focus of learning this lesson.
Second, fast reading, clear structure level:
1. The teacher sends a schematic diagram (you can fill in the names of some gates and palaces in advance), so that students can follow the instructions in the book to visit the Forbidden City. Fill in the gates and palaces mentioned in the book in the order of text introduction, and connect them with lines and arrows to give students a general impression of the overall layout of the Forbidden City.
2. Question: What is the overall layout of the Forbidden City? What are the main buildings of each part?
Students make oral statements according to the contents of paragraph 1 1 of the text and the schematic diagram filled in. )
3. Analyze the text structure level and the interpretation center of each part:
Teachers' guidance, students' discussion and induction;
The first part (1): Summarize the name, history and present situation of the Forbidden City.
The second part (2? 2 1): Introduce the history, present situation, scale and layout characteristics of the Forbidden City.
The third part (22? 24): Introduce the cultural value and the history of the rise and fall of the Forbidden City.
Third, guide reading and discuss key issues:
1. What is the object of the full text?
2. What is the main content of this text?
(former dynasty? Hall of supreme harmony; Palace? Yangxintang)
3. Study 5? The eighth paragraph focuses on the part of the Hall of Supreme Harmony.
Discussion:
(1) What is the point of each paragraph?
(2) What are the main features to be introduced in each paragraph? Underline the main words that show these characteristics.
(3) The Hall of Supreme Harmony is the center of the Forbidden City. Can you see the main features of the architectural design of the Forbidden City from the introduction of the Hall of Supreme Harmony?
(4) What is the interpretation order of this part?
After discussion between teachers and students, it is obvious that:
Write the hall of supreme harmony:
The fifth paragraph: write out the appearance characteristics and grasp the color characteristics. Such as: blue, golden yellow, blue dot gold, red, golden lock window, vermicelli door.
The sixth paragraph: write about interior decoration and grasp the posture characteristics of dragons. Such as: Panlong, Jinlong, Shuanglong Play Pearl, Single Dragonfly, Walking Dragon, Sitting Dragon, Ascending Dragon and Descending Dragon.
The seventh paragraph: write down the location of the building and grasp the characteristics symbolizing imperial power. For example, on the central axis of the Forbidden City, which is also the central axis of Beijing, the emperor's throne is in the center of this line.
The eighth paragraph: write about the function of the temple and grasp the characteristics of the majestic atmosphere of the ceremony. Such as: kneeling with hundreds of officials, arranging ceremonial ceremonies, the emperor sitting up, ringing the bell, and the smoke fills the air.
The Hall of Supreme Harmony is the center of the Forbidden City, which embodies the essential characteristics of the Forbidden City in the most comprehensive and prominent way, that is, it embodies the architectural design characteristics with the emperor as the center and the imperial power as the supreme. Therefore, the temple was built on the central axis; Because the emperor claimed to be the real dragon emperor, he decorated with dragons everywhere.
This part adopts the order of interpretation from outside to inside and from outside to inside; Write down the settings in the temple in the order of orientation: center, top, back, side, temple top, center, surround, etc. Please pay attention to the accuracy of locative words and their ideograms.
4. Learning 17? Paragraph 18 focuses on Yangxintang and discusses:
(1) What are the highlights of these two paragraphs?
(2) What is the order of interpretation?
Clear: these two paragraphs focus on the role of Yangxintang? The center of the daily rule of feudal emperors. Explain in chronological order and use examples to illustrate.
Fourth, summarize and complete the classroom exercises:
1. Among many palaces, why did the author choose the Hall of Supreme Harmony and hall of mental cultivation as the key introduction?
Clear: from the full text, the focus is on the former dynasty and the imperial court; Locally, the focus is on the Hall of Supreme Harmony and hall of mental cultivation. Because the Hall of Supreme Harmony is the architectural style of the Forbidden City, which can best reflect the characteristics of the architectural design of the Forbidden City? Looking around at feudal emperors? Is it just me? The idea of the supremacy of imperial power. By focusing on this hall, readers can get a glimpse of the whole picture. Hall of mental cultivation was the activity center of feudal emperors. This paper introduces the criminal history of feudal emperors in detail, showing its importance in history? Location? , naturally can reflect? The Forbidden City? Therefore, the article also focuses on it.
2. What are the advantages of focusing on the main building in architectural introduction?
Clarity: When introducing the building complex, distinguish the primary and secondary, and adopt a detailed and sketchy method. Only in this way can we highlight the key points, write the most distinctive places and leave a deep impression on readers. The arrangement of key points and details depends on the characteristics of the building.
3. What are the functions of paragraph 2 1 and paragraph 4 1 1 respectively?
Clear: Paragraphs 2 and 2 1 are general descriptions of the Forbidden City and echo each other. The part between these two paragraphs is a separate description of the Forbidden City building, which makes the structure complete and integrated.
4.4. Is the paragraph 1 1 correct? Three halls? And then what? Palace? Is the last part of these two paragraphs right? Three halls? And then what? Palace? Division of writing. Paragraph 1 1 also plays the role of demarcation and transition in the whole text.
5. At this point, the order of interpretation adopted in this paper is clear:
This article is written in the order of general, sub-division and general. Points are written in azimuth order, from south to north and from outside to inside. This will help to explain the characteristics of the building, make the article coherent and rigorous, and give people a very clear feeling.
6. Classroom exercises:
(1) Fill in the words in () to complete the phrases, and classify them as required: (only fill in the serial number)
① The scale (macro) is large ② The countryside is serious (mu) ③ It is profligate (huo) ④ Heavy hall ⑤ World (smell) name ⑤ Brilliant (joy) ⑤ Smoke (dazzle) around ⑧ Decadence (mediocrity) ⑨ Dragon and Phoenix (present) Auspicious ⑩ Pool water (pavilion).
Noun phrase ④ Present verb phrase ③ ⑤ ⑤
Adjective phrase ② ⑧ Subject-predicate phrase ① ⑤ ⑨
(2) judging right or wrong: (correct typing, wrong typing)
The Forbidden City is what was called the Forbidden City in ancient times. The Hall of Supreme Harmony is the Golden Hall. Hall of mental cultivation has six palaces in the east and west, which is the center of the feudal imperial rule in the Qing Dynasty for 200 years. (? )
Standing on the height of Jingshan Mountain, overlooking the Forbidden City, there are many halls, pavilions and palaces, and the palace walls are scattered. (? )
③ This paper focuses on the Hall of Supreme Harmony and hall of mental cultivation, because these two palaces are the largest and most beautifully decorated, which can best reflect the artistic style of the Forbidden City complex. (? )
(4) Suzhou Garden, China Stone Arch Bridge and Palace Museum all explain the characteristics of things in the order of general description first and then sub-description. (? )
(3) Finish after class? Try to figure it out? Use? Four exercises.
The teaching objectives of the teaching plan of the Palace Museum;
1. Cultivate patriotic feelings by understanding the architecture of the Palace Museum.
2. Grasp the writing characteristics of the article according to spatial order.
3. To understand how to write an article according to spatial order, we must determine the foothold (observation point) and use the locative language (locative words and phrases) accurately.
4. Experience the writing method around the center of this article.
Teaching focus:
Teaching process:
(1) Introduction: The Forbidden City used to be the imperial city where emperors of Ming and Qing dynasties lived. It has a history of more than 500 years. If you are lucky enough to be in it, you can't help admiring its exquisite architecture and complete layout. In particular, the countless rare treasures collected in the scattered palaces are as famous as their architectural art. Every visitor deeply understands the luxury and luxury of the feudal emperor's life and marvels at the wisdom of the working people.
(Question) Who has been to the Forbidden City? Please tell me the buildings you see. Judging from the students' answers just now, most of them have never been to the Forbidden City, so let's see how the text introduces the Forbidden City.
(2) Newly awarded:
1. Pronunciation:
Standing (ch? ) Aotou (? O) blue (zh? N) coloured glaze (Li? )
Panlong (p? N) central axis (zh? U) period (Lu? N) strike (q？ ng)
Sandalwood (t? N) save (cu? N) palace (qi? palace of earthly tranquility
Solemn (m? ) play with the pole (z? N) positive side (fāng) caisson (z m 4 o)
Vibrant (Ji m \u o) concubines (P? N) yikun palace (y? ) very different (jiǒng)
2. Read the text silently and think about the following questions:
(1) What is the object of this article? (Forbidden City)
(2) In what order are the articles explained? (spatial order)
(3) divide the text into paragraphs
"1" introduces the general situation of the Forbidden City.
〈2〉 Introduce the first three halls, the last three palaces and the imperial garden of the Forbidden City respectively.
< 3 > Standing on Jingshan Mountain, look back at the panoramic view of the Forbidden City.
3. Text analysis:
The accurate use of locative words is one of the focuses of this lesson. Please draw it with a colored pen when we explain the text.
first part
Read this paragraph aloud and see what these two paragraphs say respectively.
Ask a classmate to talk about what the first section introduces about the Forbidden City.
Give an overview of the Palace Museum. What are the names of the Forbidden City? Who can tell the origin of them?
(1) The Forbidden City, named after the building, is located within the city wall, which indicates the supreme authority of the emperor and is located in Beijing.
(zh)
Heart, also known as the city in the city, the walls are ochre, so the forbidden area of ochre city is called ~.
(2) The Forbidden City, named after the palace of the Ming and Qing emperors. So what? Of the past (things or places). Ming and Qing dynasties are past tense, so today we call them palaces.
(3) Museums, places where various cultural relics or specimens are displayed for people to visit. Hospital? Refers to the largest in the country. )
Flip chart, ask students to explain what is introduced in Part 2.
(city wall; Four city gates; The shape of Miyagi covers an area, the number of palaces and houses; Moat; The turret introduced the general layout of the Forbidden City. Which sentence in this section introduces the artistic style of the Forbidden City?
The Forbidden City complex is large in scale, exquisite in architecture and unified in layout, which embodies the unique style of ancient architectural art in China. )
This sentence outlines the magnificent panorama of the Forbidden City and tells the characteristics of the building from three aspects, which is the general sentence of the full text. Please draw it and remember it.
the second part
Starting from the third section, the author guided us to visit the Forbidden City according to spatial order. So from the text, where did the author go to the Forbidden City?
(Tiananmen) We will visit the Forbidden City from south to north.
What word did the author use to take us from Tiananmen Square to the Forbidden City? (See this book)
What do these words reflect? (Transfer of spatial orientation)
? When you enter the Taihe Gate, you arrive at the center of the Forbidden City? Three halls?
How many sections did the text take to write three lessons (4? Section 10)
Section 4 is always written in three lessons. What are the characteristics of the three pavilions?
(① Height: Standing on a platform more than seven meters high, the platform has three floors.
② Odd number (abutment): "See the underlined part in the book")
Imagine that when it rains, water flows out of the aojiang river, like a thousand dragons spraying water.
△ The author will introduce the three halls in turn based on the seven-meter-high platform.
For the three halls, the author used uneven pen and ink, and the focus was on the Hall of Supreme Harmony. Where is the introduction of five sections? (appearance)
After reading the text, the author introduced the appearance of the Hall of Supreme Harmony from the aspects of height, area, pattern, color and momentum.
The Hall of Supreme Harmony is the largest hall in the Forbidden City. It is magnificent against gold and red, and even more magnificent and majestic against the blue sky and Bai Yushi pedestal, which embodies the above? Magnificent? .
The sixth section introduces the changes of the Hall of Supreme Harmony from appearance to interior. Which word is most commonly used to describe indoors? (? Dragon? )
This section not only writes the dragon pattern in the temple, but also writes? Double dragon playing pearl, single dragonfly? And then what? Riding a dragon, sitting on a dragon, opening a dragon, and descending a dragon? Waiting for all kinds of dragons to be added at the end? Is there any cloud flame around the dragon body? Make these patterns more vivid, and think of more than 1000 faucets seen on the pedestal. Are we there yet? Dragon? This world.
Follow the book and do exercise four.
Section 7. Why should the three halls be built on the central axis? Symbolize imperial power
It symbolizes that everything is centered on the emperor and all power is concentrated on the emperor. The feudal rulers hoped that their throne would be handed down from generation to generation and never change.
What is the purpose of the Hall of Supreme Harmony? What is the grand ceremony like? The article describes the scene of the grand ceremony, with hundreds of officials kneeling under the pedestal, ceremonial ceremonies on both sides of the imperial road, the emperor sitting on the throne, the sound and smoke of Zhong Qing drumming in the distance, a mysterious and solemn atmosphere in the air, and the important role of the Hall of Supreme Harmony.
The author of the Hall of Supreme Harmony used so much pen and ink, so how did he write the Hall of Supreme Harmony and the Hall of Baohe?
For Zhonghe Hall and Baohe Hall, the author only points out their uses.
In this way, there is a detailed and slightly detailed method to highlight the key points, because the Hall of Supreme Harmony can best reflect the characteristics and essence of the Forbidden City.
Second lesson
Read aloud paragraph 1 1 and explain what this paragraph does in the text. (transition)
Shall we read the text? AB？ This shows that the Forbidden City is bounded by Little Square and can be divided into two parts. c？ Review the first part here, and then prompt the main content written in the second part? d？ This shows us the main levels of the second half, so this section plays a role in dividing and pivoting the structure of the article.
What buildings are written in paragraphs 12 and 13? (Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace, Kunning Palace) Where did you write these last three palaces? (use)
Section 14 co-wrote the last three palaces. What characteristics did you grasp to write it? (There are more Feng Huangwen in the palace) Why are there more and more phoenixes?
Legend has it that Phoenix is the king of birds, with beautiful feathers, symbolizing auspicious details and beauty. The feudal rulers compared the queen to a phoenix, so all the places where they lived were painted with phoenixes. As we can see, compared with the dragon decoration written in section 6, the two words used in this section are almost the same, which set each other off.
15 introduces the East and West Six Palaces, 16 and 17 mainly introduces hall of mental cultivation. Which modifier did the author use when introducing Yangxintang? (amazing)
Add one in front? Most? , make the degree further, so why is hall of mental cultivation the most striking?
It is precisely because of hall of mental cultivation's very important political position and an important representative of backyard architecture that it has attracted the most attention.
18 where did you go from hall of mental cultivation to the north? (West Sixth Palace)
For the eastern and western architecture, the author only introduced Changchun Palace and Palace of Gathered Elegance. Why? These two palaces are the places where Empress Dowager Cixi lived. )
Then the author described the scene of Cixi's 50th birthday. Why?
(Expose the crime of profligacy of feudal rulers)
Section 19, Is the imperial garden in the north of the last three palaces? The author's foothold has shifted to the imperial garden. This passage is very vivid. What writing skills are used? (General description)
The author introduced the general characteristics of the royal garden to us from the perspective of a bystander. (See the sentence 1 in Section 20)? Jingshan? Is it in the Forbidden City? Where did you see it?
(Jingshan is opposite Shenwumen)
Read aloud? Standing? Amazing? The author takes us to the top of Jingshan Mountain and looks back at the panorama of the Forbidden City, pointing out its magnificent, spectacular and harmonious architectural style. What is the writing method? (echoing from beginning to end)
General layout (blackboard writing)
Overall artistic style: large scale, exquisite architecture and unified layout.
(2) The center of feudal rule? Serve the feudal rulers? dislike
Grammatical imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences
1. imperative sentence
Sentences used to ask others what to do or not to do.
(1) Can there be one at the end of the sentence? Right? Huh? Isomodal particle
Classification (1) requires different tones such as command, request, urging and persuasion.
(2) Prohibition: there is a tone of command and dissuasion.
Usually? No? No? Forbidden? This is forbidden? No? No? Words indicating prohibition.
△ The imperative sentence indicating the request can also be in the form of a question, which is euphemistic and has a discussion tone.
2. exclamatory sentences
A sentence used to express some feelings.
It is required (1) to use exclamatory sentences in writing.
(2) What often happens at the end of a sentence? Huh? Huh? Is it? Isomodal particles.
An exclamatory sentence is a sentence used to express some strong feelings. An exclamatory sentence has an exclamatory tone and is often used at the end of a sentence? Ah, la, la? Isomodal auxiliary words and written exclamation marks are generally expressed by exclamation marks.
The exclamatory sentence is composed as follows.
(1) exclamatory sentences are composed of exclamatory sentences, which are not subject-predicate sentences. This exclamatory sentence only expresses a strong feeling (joy, sadness, sigh, anger, surprise, etc.). ) and don't state anything. For example:
1. Hum! Don't play dumb! )
2. hey! I remember. )
(2) exclamatory sentences composed of other non-subject-predicate sentences. For example: 1. What beautiful clothes! (exclamatory sentence composed of adjective non-subject-predicate sentence)
2. It's windy! (exclamatory sentence composed of verb non-subject-predicate sentence)
(3) exclamatory sentences are composed of subject-predicate sentences. For example:
1. The child is so obedient!
They are the outstanding sons and daughters of all the great nations in the world!
(4) by? Good+adjective+? An exclamatory sentence composed of noun phrases as attributes. For example:
1. What a heavy snow!
What a brave man!
practise
Point out how the following interjections are formed.
1. We are the future of the motherland, and we are the hope of the motherland! ()
2. Great!
3. ouch I have a puncture! )
4. What a big breath! ()
5. What fine weather! ()
Reference answer
1. Formation of subject-predicate sentences
2. Composition of other non-subject-predicate sentences
3. Interjections are not composed of subject-predicate sentences
4. Formation of noun phrases
5. Composition of other non-subject-predicate sentences
imperative sentence
Imperative sentences are sentences used to ask others to do or not do something. Imperative sentences use imperative intonation, which can be found at the end of the sentence? Right? 、? Huh? Isomodal particles. In writing, strong imperative sentences use exclamation marks to express intonation, while mild imperative sentences use periods to express intonation.
Imperative sentences are divided into two categories: demand and prohibition, and each category has a variety of different moods.
(1) An imperative sentence to express the requirement
The tone of command, request, urging and persuasion is different to urge others to do something. For example:
1. Help me look at this! (imperative tone)
Sir, farmers are poor, please be kind and earn less. (request tone)
It's time for class. Let's go! (urging sound)
Spinach is twenty cents a catty, which is cheap enough. Please weigh it. (Persuasive tone)
(2) Imperative sentences indicating prohibition
It is forbidden for others to do anything, and there are also different tones such as command and dissuasion. This imperative sentence is generally available? No? 、? No? 、? Forbidden? 、? This is forbidden? 、? No? 、? No? Words indicating prohibition. For example:
1. Be quiet! (imperative tone)
Don't disturb him! (dissuasive tone)
3. Fireworks are strictly prohibited here! (imperative tone)
It should be noted that the subject of imperative sentences can only be? You, you, you and us? , cannot be the first person pronoun and the third person pronoun. For example:
? You guys go! ? Can't say? Let them go. ? The latter is actually a declarative sentence.
practise
Point out what kind of imperative mood the following sentences represent.
1. You stand out, this is the hero's stand out! You come out and talk! ()
Get out of here! ()
3. (Bamboo in Jinggangshan! ) Go, go, go! ()
Let's take the main road, it's safe. ()
5. Don't copy other people's answers! ()
6. Roads are built here, and no traffic is allowed! ()
Reference answer
1. Command 2. persuade
3. urge 4. request
5. prohibition 6. ban