Brief introduction of Menba nationality
Menba people mainly live in * * * Medog, Linzhi and Cuona counties. "Menba" is the person who lives in the corner of the door. Menba people have their own language, but no writing. Learn more about Tibetan and use it universally.
The Menba people live in the southeast of the Himalayas, the roof of the world, with mountainous peaks and dense virgin forests. The galloping Yarlung Zangbo River turns sharply in Linzhi and Medog, forming a fertile valley with mild climate, abundant rainfall and evergreen seasons, and is known as "the south of the Yangtze River on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau". In the past, due to the barrier of mountains and rivers, foreign traffic was very difficult, and it was difficult for outsiders to set foot in the territory, which made people very yearning.
Menba folk songs have beautiful tunes and a long history. Among them, "Sama" wine song and "Xialu" love song are the most unrestrained and moving. The famous poetry collection "Love Song of Cangyang Gyatso" was written by the Lama Cangyang Gyatso in the 6th century A.D..
Menba people are mainly engaged in agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry.
Memba history
Menba people live in a corner of the * * * Plateau and have close ties with Tibetans since ancient times. In 823 AD, the monks mentioned in the "Niemeng Monument" in front of Jokhang Temple, including the ancestors of the Menba people, have long lived in the Himalayas in the south of * * *, and have long lived together with Tibetans, Peiba and other ethnic groups. As early as the 7th century BC, the territory of the Tubo dynasty included here. Memba is a local. In the process of development, the Menba nationality absorbed the blood of Tibetans. /kloc-In the 3rd century, as a part of * * * *, Gate Corner was formally incorporated into Chinese territory. Since the middle of17th century, the Menba people have been under the rule of * * * which combines politics and religion. Menba people are mainly engaged in agricultural production, animal husbandry and hunting. Under the rule of feudal serfdom, the level of productivity was very low, the backward mode of production was slash and burn, and life was very poor. From 65438 to 0959, the democratic reform was carried out in the * * area, and the Menba and Tibetan people jointly turned over and became masters of their own affairs. Especially with the great situation of reform and opening up, the economy and culture of the Menba nationality have made great progress.
Music menba
Menba nationality is distributed in * * * autonomous region with a population of more than 6,200. "Menba" refers to Menba people living in different areas. Memba people have their own language, but no writing. Believing in Lamaism and primitive witchcraft. The Menba people have created many beautiful tunes, including folk songs called "Sama" and "Dongsanba" and rich and moving folklore.
This piece of music depicts the scene of Menba children playing in the mountains. They are singing folk songs and stepping on mountain springs to find their own world.
Menba etiquette
Menba Festival
Monba people follow the Tibetan calendar, and the festivals are the same as those of Tibetans. During the festival, we should slaughter cattle and sheep, set up rich dining tables and entertain guests.
Marriage custom of Menba nationality
Memba wedding is very interesting. Before the wedding, the groom should bring some bamboo wine to meet the bride on the road, and the bride should drink wine three times on the road. After the bride enters the house, the groom's house will host guests with wine, meat and oil cakes, and then the bride's uncle will deliberately make things difficult for the groom's house to test the man's sincerity. The groom's family should be accompanied by Hada, adding wine and meat until the uncle is satisfied and can drink as much as he likes. At the wedding reception, the bride and groom should take turns toasting the guests. The guests also asked the bride and groom to drink to each other and let them compete in public to see who drank faster. Who drinks first indicates who has the final say in the future. Menba marriage is monogamous.
Menbazu clothing
Menba is a minority in China, mainly living in Menjiao and Medog County, bordering Assam in the south, Tibetan areas in the north, Luo Yu in the southeast and Bhutan in the west. Due to the barrier of mountains and rivers, it is difficult for outsiders to get involved. In history, the residence of the Menba people was called "the secret place", and there are still many mysterious legends and myths circulating today. Due to the long-term relationship with Tibetans, while absorbing more Tibetan culture, it has also formed its own unique cultural traditions and customs.
Women like sheepskin.
Girls wear lambskin with a sheep tail and four legs, and when they grow up, they wear calf leather or goatskin. Even at the wedding, a well-dressed bride should put on a good sheepskin.
The Legend of Princess Wencheng
It is said that Princess Wencheng put on an animal skin to ward off evil spirits when she entered Tibet. When she passed the corner, she gave this skin to a memba woman, and it became a custom from then on.
Animal skins have many functions.
In fact, the origin of this custom may be earlier, which is directly related to the living environment of the Menba people. Laibo, where the Menba people live, has a humid and cold climate. It is covered with animal skin, and the fur is outward, which can protect against wind and rain, moisture and warmth. Moreover, due to the narrow slopes and roads in the residential areas, people are good at carrying things, but they are not good at picking. Animal skins can be used as cushions when moving things.
Women's chest hanging Buddha protection box
When women dress up, they like to wear silver bracelets, earrings and rings, inlaid with corals, turquoise and other precious stones, made of white glass.
Necklace with the word "Wu Xia" on the chest (the silver Buddha box contains the Bodhisattva).
Menba people have a close relationship with Tibetans, and their living customs are greatly influenced by Tibetans, but at the same time they have their own characteristics. Menba costumes are mostly made of raw materials. It is a kind of wool fabric that Tibetans make clothes and cushions. It is a necessity in the life of the Menba people, with a wide variety and gorgeous colors.
Men at the door corner like to wear a hat called "Balaga", with blue or black as the crown, red as the bottom and orange flannel as the edge, leaving a gap. When wearing a hat, put the gap above your right eye. Orange pigment is made from local grass roots. Several colors are in sharp contrast and stand out from a distance. Men in the corner often wear ochre robes or robes, but they are shorter than Tibetan robes. Because of the narrow slope, people like to wear soft-soled boots and sew red and black buttons. Medog's men seldom wear hats, and often wear homemade hats to keep out the sun rain forest. Most of them are dressed in white robes made of cotton and linen, barefoot, with machetes or leaf knives hanging around their waists.
The woman in the corner is also wearing a robe and a white apron. Women in Loeb and Bunkin are used to wearing a layer of sheepskin or calf leather on their backs. Legend has it that this is the custom that Princess Wencheng came to Shannan to stay temporarily when she entered Tibet in the Tang Dynasty, in order to avoid evil spirits and seek happiness. Women's necks are hung with ornaments made of pine otolith, red coral and agate. The underwear they wear is called "Bernardo", which has various colors, no lapels, no collars and no buttons, but only a round mouth to wear on their heads. The coat is called "Winter Real", which is divided into two types: long and short, and the material is red and black. Some people hang a metal protective Buddha box on their chest, which contains Buddha statues and scriptures, and is called "Gawu". Both men and women should wear a red belt 2 meters long and 6 meters wide. Because of the warm climate in Medog area, women like to wear thin white tops or sleeveless and collarless jackets, which are particularly handsome with colorful skirts, necklaces and earrings.
Menba diet
Menba people eat three meals during the solar eclipse, and in some areas, Ciba is the staple food. In Mendawang area, Cuona county, Medog county and other places, chicken claw valley is processed into food as the staple food. Menba people also like to bake buckwheat cakes on thin slate with buckwheat noodles. Rice is eaten in the same way as Han people, and corn and chicken feet are used to cook porridge. Meat? Cattle and beef are the majority, and they also eat pork and mutton and hunted wild animals; Eating habits are stewed or dried meat.
Vegetables in some areas have a long history, including pumpkin, cucumber, cabbage, tomato, cabbage, pepper, non-food and so on.
Menba people make good use of chicken feet valley, corn, sorghum and other grains to make wine. All the utensils are mostly made of wood, and the wooden bowls made by Menba vegetable workers have become traditional handicrafts.
Memba architecture
Because Memba people live in the low and hot valley on the southern slope of the Himalayas, they live in a dry house. Houses are generally made of local materials, made of wood, bamboo, grass, stone, etc. , both simple and applicable. Houses are mostly two-story buildings, with wooden roofs, bamboo roofs or grass roofs. There are balconies outside, and the walls are made of wooden boards, stones or bamboo fences. The roof is herringbone, with people living on the upper floor and livestock raising on the lower floor. When you sleep at night, spread a thick blanket or animal skin on the indoor floor and lie down with your clothes. Menba has its own language, but its dialects are quite different. Most memba people can speak Tibetan. Monba people do not have their own written language, and Tibetan is the common language.
Menba village is scattered, and dozens of villages are often divided into several settlements. The building structure is slightly different due to climate differences.
The house at the corner of the door is made of stone, and the herringbone roof is covered with wooden boards and pressurized slate. Houses are mostly two or three-story attics, with wooden roofs, bamboo roofs or grass roofs. The walls are made of stones, boards or bamboo fences, and the roofs are mostly herringbone. Put grass and straw on the upper layer; The lower level closes livestock; The middle floor is the home of this family.
The houses of Menba nationality in Medog area are mainly dry fence structure, and the houses are about one meter from the ground. The herringbone roof is covered with banana leaves or wooden boards, and then covered with slate. All the doors face east, because they think the sun shines into the house when it comes out, which is a symbol of good luck.
Memba custom
Menba hunting is a collective activity. When hunting, they volunteered to unite and recommend the leader. The hunter who hits the hunter first will get two copies when sharing the meat, and the rest will get one. After hunting, cut the meat, roast it and take it back. If there are a lot of prey, light a signal near the village and ask the villagers to meet you. After entering the village, you should distribute the extra prey to the villagers or have dinner with them. If you meet a pedestrian on your way home, whether you know him or not, you should give him a prey, thinking that you will have good luck next time you hunt.
Memba people are very hospitable. Whenever guests come, the whole family brings wine to the entrance of the village to meet the guests and prepare rice and stew. When entertaining guests, housewives should stand aside and pour wine for them, ensuring that their glasses are always full. If the guest is drunk, the host will be very happy and think that his sincerity has been accepted by the guest. When the guests leave, the host family will take the wine out of the village.