According to the theory of western reception aesthetics, the birth of a work is not only created by the author, but also recreated by the reader. What do we get from reading Old Horse?
First of all, judging from the title of the poem, the title of the poem is "Old Horse", but the poet did not describe the frail appearance of the old horse in detail, but focused on its fate, feelings and mood. This way of writing, which takes the appearance of the old horse for granted, gives this poem profound meaning.
Secondly, judging from the characteristics of the old horse's situation and fate, it seems that the old horse in the poem is born to bear the fate of loading a cart unconditionally, even if "the pressure on his back is buckled into the meat", "he won't say a word anyway" and "he will hang his head heavily." The poet wrote here about the fate of the old horse and his honest and kind character. The old horse also thought about his unfortunate fate, but he always "didn't know the fate of the next moment, just swallowed his tears into his heart." From here we can also appreciate the ignorance of the old horse. Although the old horse works hard, it is often whipped. Helpless, "I have to look up ahead." The poet wrote the tragic fate, painful feelings and sad mood of the old horse, which enhanced the appeal of the old horse tragedy.
Finally, if linked to the historical background, it is not difficult to see that this horse was crushed, extremely painful and whipped.
The poem "Old Horse" is not intended to symbolize the fate of farmers with old horses, but why do readers and annotators of this anthology almost say that it is about farmers suffering in the old society?
Analysis: Literature appreciation is an aesthetic enjoyment and an artistic re-creation. The meaning of the work comes from two aspects. One is the work itself, and the other is a gift from the reader. Therefore, we should not only admit the differences in literary appreciation, but also admit that the appreciator's understanding may be beyond or different from the author's original intention. Someone said, "A thousand spectators have a thousand Hamlets." Mr. Lu Xun once said: "A Dream of Red Mansions ... is just a matter of fate, because of the readers' eyes. Scholars look at the Book of Changes, Taoists look at lewdness, talented people look at lingering, revolutionaries look at rows, gossips look at palace secrets ... "Cang Kejia once said: On the surface, it is a horse with heavy load and great pressure. But almost all the readers and annotators of this anthology said that they wrote about the peasants who suffered in the old society. The reason is that the image of the old horse is shaped, and its shape is conveyed. The poet did not describe the old horse in detail, but focused on its fate, feelings and state of mind, which enhanced the appeal of the old horse's tragedy. The more the poet highlights the humiliation, kindness and faithfulness of the old horse, the more he can arouse readers' sympathy for the oppressed peasants and arouse their anger and curse against the old system and the exploiting class. Therefore, the image-building of the old horse fully embodies the characteristics of "image is greater than thought".
(A) How to understand the "concise" language style of the whole poem?
Analysis: The Old Horse celebrates the life under the yoke of the old horse, but symbolically summarizes the heavy burden of farmers' suffering for many years. The whole poem is concise and clear, and the words are wonderful and vivid. The words "buckle" and "gone with the wind" are accurate, vivid and lifelike, which effectively shows the depth of old horse oppression. The words "horizontal and vertical" and "swallow" are concise and clear, which truly shows the perseverance of the old horse.
You don't need a gentle tone to tell your personal joys and sorrows, and you rarely express your resentment against the old world with a warm voice. Instead, you use tempered poems to express the sufferings and misfortunes of farmers in old China, their diligence and tenacity, and let readers experience the poet's deep affection from chewing and aftertaste. It is with this unique style that swordsman writers brought a fresh wind to the poetry world in the 1930s, attracting readers' attention and attention.
(1) Recite the work.
1. Experience the "architectural beauty" and "musical beauty" of this poem.
Recite works repeatedly according to the rhythm and rhythm of poetry. Clear:
"Old Horse" pays attention to "symmetry of knot and neatness of sentence" in form. The whole poem consists of two * * * paragraphs, each with four sentences, each sentence is basically eight words, and every other sentence rhymes, which is catchy to read and has a kind of "architectural beauty" and "musical beauty".
2. Grasp the image of poetry.
"Old horse" is a true portrayal of poor farmers. The sufferings and misfortunes, industriousness and hardships of farmers in China have been stripped off. The greed and cruelty of cutting classes, the author's sympathy and debt explosion are all vividly expressed through the sculpture image of "old horse"
(2) overall perception.
The author and his writing background.
Cang Kejia was born in the countryside of Zhucheng County, Shandong Province. He was familiar with the countryside since he was a child and loved farmers, so most of his poems were in praise of the countryside. 1933 published Brand, and the following year published Black Hands of Evil. This is the time when the decadent poetic style of "modernism" is rejected by readers. Jane Ke's poems describing farmers' images and rural scenery brought a fresh wind to the poetry world, which immediately attracted the attention and attention of the literary world and opened up a new world for new poems reflecting rural life.
Lao Ma, written in 1932, is one of Cang Kejia's famous poems "Brand". The author once said: "After the failure of the 1927 Great Revolution, I completely denied Chiang Kai-shek's regime, but I was very uncertain about the future of the revolution. Life is bitter and I feel depressed and sad. " The author saw an old horse with tragic fate with his own eyes, and there was a kind of pressure in his heart not to write it. By appreciating this poem, we can more specifically feel the achievements and characteristics of the new poetry creation of the Jianke family in the 1930s.
2. Feel the general idea of the content.
Eight short sentences in "Old Horse" have shaped the tragic image of an overwhelmed old horse.
Section 1, Write Load.
The first two sentences "always" and "no matter what" echo each other, showing the greed and cruelty of the owner, making the old horse overloaded, and also writing the stubborn and persevering character of the old horse, burying a cavity of grief and indignation in his heart. In fact, the last two sentences describe the compulsion, the word "buckle" and the word "heavy", which vividly and profoundly depict the tragic situation of the old horse under heavy pressure, the indifference of the owner and the pain of the old horse.
In the second quarter, write a whip and start. The first two sentences are fictional, depicting the sad and hopeless psychology of the old horse. The last two sentences are realistic "A Whip Shadow", which vividly shows the fierceness and ruthlessness of the master. Under such harsh oppression, what is waiting for the old horse ahead? The poet left readers with infinite imagination.
Regarding the poem "Old Horse", Cang Kejia once said: "To write about an old horse is to write about the old horse itself. How readers understand it is a matter for readers, and there are different opinions. "
According to the theory of western reception aesthetics, the birth of a work is not only created by the author, but also recreated by the reader. What do we get from reading Old Horse?
First of all, judging from the title of the poem, the title of the poem is "Old Horse", but the poet did not describe the frail appearance of the old horse in detail, but focused on its fate, feelings and mood. This way of writing, which takes the appearance of the old horse for granted, gives this poem profound meaning.
Secondly, judging from the characteristics of the old horse's situation and fate, it seems that the old horse in the poem is born to bear the fate of loading a cart unconditionally, even if "the pressure on his back is buckled into the meat", "he won't say a word anyway" and "he will hang his head heavily." The poet wrote here about the fate of the old horse and his honest and kind character. The old horse also thought about his unfortunate fate, but he always "didn't know the fate of the next moment, just swallowed his tears into his heart." From here we can also appreciate the ignorance of the old horse. Although the old horse works hard, it is often whipped. Helpless, "I have to look up ahead." The poet wrote the tragic fate, painful feelings and sad mood of the old horse, which enhanced the appeal of the old horse tragedy.
This oppressed and injured "horse" is not only not like the workers in the May 30th Movement and the Red Guards in Jinggangshan, but also has no consciousness at all. When the oppressor violently loads him and even pulls him into the body, his reaction is only to "hang down" his head numbly and dedicate his own flesh and blood to others. When he wanted to cry, the ruler thought that he was holding back the national economy and flogging him. He just looked helplessly ahead. He wants to overdraw his life and contribute to the national rejuvenation. At this moment, he even mortgaged his soul to the leader or leader. Of course, "Lao Ma" didn't have the consciousness of "making contributions", he just resigned himself. He can't cheat, he can't kick his master, and he won't break free from the reins to run wild, so he will have no hukou and no food, become a refugee, a unruly and even a mob and a bandit, and will be rectified, encircled and eliminated. In short, even if this is a sad horse, it is by no means a horse that can hold its head high and scream with a bright future. This is a humiliating horse. He was deeply shocked by authoritarianism, superstitious about order and inexplicably burdened with an unknown fate, which was somewhat similar to the "poor old horse" temperament in Russian folk songs.