Ding'ao bayberry is a specialty product of Ouhai District, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, and a national geographical indication product of China.
Ding'ao bayberry grows in Ding'ao, which is located in Chashan Town, Ouhai District, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province.
According to legend, as early as the Jiaqing period of the Ming Dynasty, there was a bayberry tree under the Banzhang Cliff in Ding'ao. Because the area under the cliff is moderately moist and the soil is loose and thick, it grows particularly luxuriantly, and the bayberries produced taste sweet and delicious. For a long time, the local bayberries have been mainly water chestnut varieties, bayberry, dongkui plum, and late rice plum. By chance, farmers in Ding'ao Village picked up Yaxia bayberry and brought it to the city to sell. After tasting it, people were amazed and thought that its color and taste were the best in Wenzhou's bayberry.
On April 23, 2007, the former General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine approved the implementation of geographical indication product protection for "Ding'ao Bayberry". Basic introduction Chinese name: Ding'ao Yangmei Name of origin: Ouhai District, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province Quality characteristics: The meat column is plump, round and blunt, tender and crispy without puncture Geographical indication: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine Geographical Indication Product Approval Number: National Quality Inspection General Administration Announcement No. 66 of 2007 Approval date: April 23, 2007 Product characteristics, characteristics, nutritional value, medicinal value, origin environment, review, climate, soil, historical origin, production situation, product honors, geographical indications, region Scope of protection, quality and technical requirements, use of special marks, history and culture, product features: The flesh of the fruit is plump, round and blunt, tender and crisp without puncture, the color is purple-black and shiny, the stem is extra long, green, and there is a red spherical shape at the base of the stem Protruding, it is known as the "red plate and green stalk". Ding'ao bayberry is one of the four outstanding varieties of bayberry in Zhejiang Province, and is the best fresh variety of bayberry. Its characteristics are: ⑴Good quality: the fruit is bright in color, soft and juicy, sweet and sour, large in size and small in size, plain in texture. It is known as "red plate and green pedicle". ⑵Early production: It can be put into production 4-5 years after grafting, and it will be fully productive in 7-8 years. ⑶High yield: The average yield per mu reaches 1,000 kilograms, and the maximum yield is more than 1,500 kilograms. ⑷Long life: the peak production period is 70-80 years, and the longest is more than a hundred years. ⑸Beautiful tree shape: The tree shape is shorter and has a natural round head. ⑹ Good benefits: Generally, the output value per mu reaches tens of thousands of yuan. Ding'ao Bayberry Nutritional Value Bayberry has high nutritional value and is a natural green health food. According to measurements, the soluble solids content of high-quality bayberry pulp is 12-13%, the acid content is 0.5-1.0%, and it is rich in vitamins, anthocyanins and a certain amount of protein, fat, pectin and 8 kinds of amines beneficial to the human body. The calcium, phosphorus and iron content of its fruits are more than 10 times higher than other fruits. Medicinal value: Yangmei has many medical effects, including digestion, cold protection, heat-relieving, antidiarrheal, diuresis, treatment of dysentery, production of fluids and thirst, clearing the stomach, and removal of irritability and bad odor. Li Shizhen said in "Compendium of Materia Medica" that bayberry "can quench thirst, harmonize the five internal organs, cleanse the stomach and intestines, and remove irritation and bad odor.". Modern science and technology has proven that the proanthocyanidins in bayberry can reduce blood lipids, dilate blood vessels, protect vascular endothelial cells, and inhibit thrombosis. Reduce blood lipids and reduce the occurrence of fatty liver; it can reduce coronary artery contraction and reduce heart damage caused by myocardial ischemia; it has a significant antihypertensive effect by inhibiting the formation of angiotensin and improving blood vessel elasticity. Origin environment Overview Ouhai is located in the southeast of Zhejiang Province, on the south bank of the lower reaches of the Oujiang River, between 120°19′-120°55′ east longitude and 27°55′-28°10′ north latitude. The territory has mountains, plains, rivers, and streams intertwined with each other, with alternating mountains and rivers, and beautiful scenery. It is famous for its "six mountains, one water, and three thirds of fields." Ding'ao Village is the origin of Ding'ao Bayberry. It is surrounded by mountains on three sides in the east, south and north. It is shaped like a mountain bucket and slopes from southeast to northwest. The plains are crisscrossed by rivers, which are tributaries of the Wenruitang River. The mountainous peaks are continuous and are the branches of Daluo Mountain. , is an intersection zone between plain water network and mountainous areas with superior natural conditions. Ding'ao bayberry is generally cultivated at an altitude of 5 meters to 350 meters, with a slope of 15°-45°. The temperature and humidity are adjusted with the help of large water bodies and mountains, so there is no scorching heat in summer and severe cold in winter. Climate Ouhai has a subtropical oceanic climate. It is mild and humid all year round, with abundant rainfall, sufficient sunshine, short winters and long summers, four distinct seasons, synchronous changes in water and heat, and an annual relative humidity of 80%. The good climatic conditions are very suitable for planting bayberry. Soil Ding'ao bayberry is suitable for growing in red soil, yellow-red soil sub-category, and loess soil. The soil layer of Ding'ao bayberry orchard is deep, soft and well-drained. According to the analysis of soil on the mountainside at different altitudes of Tongqian Mountain in Jiadi, Shangen Mountain, the organic matter content is 2.47% and the pH value is 5.7. It is locally called "arsenic leakage soil". This soil is the most ideal soil type for Ding'ao bayberry. Ouhai Geography Historical Origin 1. History of Chinese Bayberry Bayberry, also known as Longqing and Zhuhong, was named because its shape resembles water poplars and tastes like plums. Bayberry is one of China's specialty fruits. It is known as "one is worth a thousand gold". In the Wuyue area, there is also a saying that "bayberry is as good as lychee". Bayberry fruit is bright in color, rich in juice, sweet and sour, and has high nutritional value. The growth and cultivation of bayberry has a long history. In the 1980s, wild bayberry cores were discovered during excavations at the Hemudu site in Zhejiang. It is estimated that the growth history of bayberry can be traced back to 7,000 years ago.
As for the history of artificial cultivation of bayberry, it was first seen in "Shanglin Fu" written by Sima Xiangru, a writer of the Western Han Dynasty in the second century BC. There is a sentence about "桗juoyangmei" in it. This is the earliest attempt to bring bayberry from the south to the north for planting in Chang'an. record. In 1972, a clay pot containing bayberry fruits and seeds was unearthed from an ancient tomb of the Western Han Dynasty in Mawangdui, a suburb of Changsha, Hunan. After identification, it is exactly the same as the bayberry cultivated today. In recent years, many well-preserved bayberry cores have been found in ancient tombs from the Western Han Dynasty unearthed in Luobo Bay, Guixian County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Lu Jia of the Han Dynasty wrote in "Travel to South Vietnam": "There is a lake on the top of Luofu Mountain, surrounded by bayberry and mountain peaches." This proves that the history of artificial cultivation of bayberry in China began at least in the Western Han Dynasty. 2. History of Ding'ao Bayberry: During the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty (1488-1505), "Wenzhou Prefecture Records" contains records that Wenzhou is rich in bayberry, which has been more than 500 years ago. "Yongjia County Chronicles" in the eighth year of Guangxu's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1882) records: "In the old records, bayberries were produced locally, but now those produced in the tea mountains are particularly delicious." It shows that the good quality of Chashan Ding'ao bayberry has been well-known more than 100 years ago. The Wenzhou folk song at that time "Chashan Bayberry Yandang Wine, Jiangxin Temple Anchovies" best reflects the status of Chashan Ding'ao Bayberry in the hearts of Wenzhou people. The "China Industrial Chronicle (Zhejiang Province)" in the 22nd year of the Republic of China (1933) records the production and sales of bayberry in various counties in Zhejiang Province. The output of bayberry in Yongjia (now Ouhai, Wenzhou) reached 7,500 dan, including 1,350 quintals. Shipping and selling to Shanghai shows that during the Republic of China, the output of bayberry in Chashan was very considerable, and its market popularity expanded to Shanghai and other places. Ding'ao bayberry is native to Ding'ao Village, Chashan Street. It is known as "red plate and green pedicle" because of its sweet and sour taste, purple-black color and long stem. According to the "Wenzhou Prefecture Chronicles" during the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty (1488-1505): "Yangmei is especially prosperous in Taishun". The "Yongjia County Chronicles" in the eighth year of Guangxu's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1882) contains: "In the old days, the patriots produced bayberry, and now there are tea mountains." The taste is particularly superior." With a cultivation history of more than 500 years, Luosheng Village still retains an ancient bayberry tree that is 150 years old. Production situation In 1958, Ding'ao bayberry production fell to a low point. In August of that year, a large-scale steel-making movement was launched across the country, and a steel-making blast furnace was built in Chashan. Since steelmaking requires a large amount of charcoal, a large number of bayberry trees all over the mountains and plains were cut down. By 1960, the bayberry trees had been cut down to less than 1,000 acres. The number of bayberry trees in the Chashan Mountains has dropped sharply, and the Chashan Bayberry industry has almost suffered a disaster. It takes 3 to 4 years for Ding'ao bayberry to start bearing fruit after grafting, and it will take 10 years for it to enter its full fruiting period. However, the previous heavy felling severely damaged the vitality of Ding'ao bayberry. For many years after the "Cultural Revolution", Chashan Ding'ao Bayberry was at a low ebb. In the early 1980s, the development of Ouhai bayberry industry reached a new peak. The cultivation area expanded from Chashan Town, the old production area, to Quxi, Guoxi, Panqiao, Zeya and other bayberry producing areas. The cultivation area reached 28,000 acres, and the annual total The output reaches 11,000 tons and the annual output value is 110 million yuan. In 1992, the Variety Nomenclature Committee of the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Agriculture named Chashan Bayberry "Ouhai Ding'ao Bayberry". Through a series of pollution-free production and planting management, Ding'ao bayberry base has improved the quality, yield, market visibility and commodity rate of Ding'ao plum. It has occupied an absolute market advantage in southern Zhejiang and has become the most local advantage in Ouhai District. Fist agricultural products. In 1998, Ouhai led the province's first trial of early maturity covered with Ding'ao bayberry greenhouses and achieved success. In 2005, the planting area of ??Ding'ao bayberry reached 28,000 acres, with an annual output of 6,000 tons and an annual output value of 60 million yuan. It is exported to more than 20 countries and regions including Japan, the United States, and Israel. Ouhai District initiated measures to protect Ding'ao bayberry geographical indication products and formulated the "Measures for the Protection of Ding'ao Bayberry Geographical Indication Products" and the "Ouhai District Bayberry Industry Development Master Plan (2006-2015)". In 2007, Ouhai Ding'ao bayberry was protected as a geographical indication product. As of 2010, the bayberry cultivation area in Ouhai District was 35,000 acres, with an annual output of more than 10,000 tons and an output value of more than 100 million yuan. Ding'ao bayberry product honors Ding'ao bayberry won the first place in the fresh fruit competition of the 5th National Bayberry Collaboration Seminar, passed the national pollution-free agricultural product certification, and successively won the gold and silver awards of the Zhejiang Agricultural Expo and the top ten fine bayberries in Zhejiang Province. , Wenzhou Agricultural Famous Brand Products and other honors. Therefore, Chashan was named the "Hometown of Bayberry in Zhejiang Province" and Ouhai was named "Hometown of Bayberry in China". On April 23, 2007, the former General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine approved the implementation of geographical indication product protection for "Ding'ao Bayberry". The scope of geographical protection of geographical indications. The scope of protection of Ding'ao bayberry geographical indication products is based on the "Opinions on the Delimitation of Protection Production Areas for Ding'ao Bayberry Origin Products" (Wen Ou Zheng [2005] No. 38) proposed by the People's Government of Ouhai District, Wenzhou City The scope shall prevail, which is the administrative area currently under the jurisdiction of Ouhai District, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province. Quality and technical requirements (1) Site conditions: Altitude below 300 meters, annual effective accumulated temperature ≥10℃ 5200℃ to 6500℃, soil type is sandy red loam, soil depth ≥40 cm, organic matter content ≥1.5%. (2) Seedling cultivation and garden establishment 1. Seedlings: Select scions from pure Ding'ao bayberry plants, select suitable rootstocks, and graft and propagate them to cultivate excellent seedlings. 2. Garden construction: Build horizontal terraces or fish scale pits on sloping land for planting, with a planting density of ≤600 plants/hectare. (3) Soil management and fertilization 1. Soil management: Cultivation by natural grass growing method, the orchard is cultivated year by year, the grass is cut before harvest every year, and the soil is loosened by cultivating after harvest.
2. Fertilization: Mainly organic fertilizers, combined with chemical fertilizers and foliar fertilizers. (4) Flower and fruit management: After the hard-core period, manual fruit thinning is carried out in 2 to 3 times, leaving 1 to 3 fruits on each fruiting branch. (5) Harvesting and storage: After the fruits are fully colored, they are harvested in batches and graded. They can be stored with ice for 3 to 4 days. (6) Quality characteristics 1. Sensory characteristics: The flesh of the fruit is plump and round, the flesh is tender and crisp without puncture, and the color is purple-black and shiny; the fruit stalk is 2.5 cm to 3.5 cm long, and there is a red spherical shape at the base of the fruit stalk. Protruding, known as "red plate green stalk"; average single fruit weight ≥ 12g. 2. Physical and chemical indicators: soluble solids ≥10%, total acid ≤1.5%, edible rate ≥85%. Use of Special Marks Producers within the protection scope of Ding'ao Yangmei geographical indication products may apply to the Ouhai District Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau of Wenzhou City for the use of "Special Marks for Geographical Indication Products", which will be announced and approved by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine. History and Culture Since the writer Sima Xiangru of the Western Han Dynasty wrote Yangmei in "Shanglin Ode", many famous writers in the past dynasties have written poems about Yangmei. Li Bai, a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, said in a poem: "The jade plate with Yangmei is set for the king, and the Wu salt is as bright as a flower." White snow." Bai Juyi wrote about bayberry flowers, "The flowers are not flowers, and the fog is not mist. When dawn comes, it is like a spring dream, and when it goes, the morning glow is nowhere to be found." The poet Su Dongpo of the Northern Song Dynasty, who has always been a Lingnan native, once praised bayberry: "Fujian and Guangzhou lychees and Xiliang grapes are not as good as Wuyue bayberry." Later, Lu You wrote a Yangmei poem: "The green shade covers the mountain city, and the pills are shining in the corner. Before the whole plate is filled with love and the fire is piled up, I first explore the jaws and find the pearls. I put the treasure in the bun at an angle to watch the boat, and weave the cage carefully. When I entered Shangdu, I was proud of myself and wanted to take advantage of the wind and dew to tie up thousands of trees." Sun Sheng, the Minister of Rites of the Ming Dynasty and a native of Yuyao, was an official in Daoliang. I was extremely depressed because of the worms. I wrote: "The red bayberries in the old city are gorgeous and the purple clouds are gorgeous, and the best products in Zhuhu Lake are even more praiseworthy. Since my name is related to Jin's boudoir, I am not at home when I taste it every year." Quanzu Wangyou of the Qing Dynasty chanted "White Bayberry" ": "The white bayberry at the foot of Xiaoran Mountain has been included in the poems of Jinfeng. If you go up to Wanjin Lake, Su'e is like snow all over the creek." Yang Fangcan, who was in the same dynasty as him, was nostalgic in "Maipitang·Yangmei": "Night Take a deep sip of Hongxia, cool and refreshing the fragrance of Huachi. Who will pay me? It will quench my thirst. I remember my fruit the most in the past year.
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