Where is the temple of the famous prime minister in a pine forest near the Silk City?
The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves.
The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations.
But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats.
Introduction to ancient poetry
Shuxiang is an epic poem written by Du Fu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, when he visited Wuhou Temple in the second year after he settled in Chengdu Caotang. By visiting historical sites, this poem expresses the poet's praise for the talent of Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu Han Dynasty, his assistance to the two dynasties and his loyalty to the country, as well as his regret for Zhuge Liang's premature start and death. There are both the concept of respecting Shu orthodoxy and the feeling of suffering in the poem, and there is a feeling of thinking about people between the lines. These seven laws are tortuous and naturally compact. The first two couplet writing scenarios are free and easy; After the discussion between the two sessions, people suddenly became depressed. The whole article from the scenery to the characters, from looking for and paying tribute to recalling, from sighing and remembering to crying, is frustrating and heroic. The whole poem is full of heart, deep feelings, strong and solemn feelings, and has great power to shock people.
Translation/translation
Where can I find Zhuge Liang ancestral temple in Wuhou? In the dense cypress forest on the outskirts of Chengdu.
The green grass reflects the natural spring scenery on the steps, and the orioles on the trees sing to each other through the branches.
It is believed that the ancestors of the world visited the cottage three times, assisted the founding of the two dynasties, and worked faithfully.
It's a pity that Wei died in the army before he was defeated, and the heroes of past dynasties burst into tears!
To annotate ...
(1) Shu Xiang: the prime minister of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period, referring to Zhuge Liang (Kong Ming). There is a note under the poem: Zhuge Liang Temple is in the west of Zhaolie Temple.
⑵ Prime Minister's Temple: Zhuge Wuhou Temple, which was first built in Wuhou District, Chengdu.
⑶ Jinguan City: another name for Chengdu. Cypress (bǐ i) dense: cypress trees are lush and dense.
(4) Dye the steps with spring grass, and the orioles are empty (H m 40): These two sentences describe the scenery in the temple. Du Fu attached great importance to Zhuge Liang. He didn't come here to enjoy the beautiful scenery, but the words "self" and "emptiness" are affectionate. It means that the green grass reflects the steps, but it is spring scenery; The oriole leaves the leaf, but it makes a nice sound in the air. He has no intention of enjoying or listening. Because the people he worships can't see it anymore. Empty: white.
The third call aggravated him with state affairs: it means that Liu Bei attached importance to Zhuge Liang in order to unify the world. This is a compliment to the genius vision shown in the countermeasures. Frequent annoyance or "frequent", many times.
[6] The opening of the two dynasties: Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Bei to start the imperial industry, and later assisted Liu Chan. Dynasty: Liu Bei, Liu Chan and his son. Open: create. Economy: Help.
But before he conquered, he died, and the heroes cried on their coats (j: n): He died before he won the final victory, which often made the heroes of later generations cry. It refers to Zhuge Liang's many expeditions to attack Wei, but he failed to win. Shu Jianxing died in Wuzhangyuan (now southeast of Qishan, Shaanxi) in the 12th year (234). Set out: set out: send troops.
Appreciation/appreciation
This seven-melody book expresses the poet's reverence for Zhuge Liang's wisdom and virtue and his unfinished mood. Combining emotion, scenery and discussion in one furnace, it not only comments on history, but also contains reality, which can be called the swan song of Zhuge Liang's poems in past dynasties.
In classical poetry, questions and answers are often used to open sentences, highlighting the ups and downs of feelings. So is the first couplet of this poem. "Where is the famous prime minister's temple? In a pine forest near the Silk City. " Questions and answers have formed a strong emotional atmosphere from the beginning, covering the whole article. The last sentence, "Prime Minister's Ancestral Temple", hit the nail on the head, with a cordial and respectful meaning. "Where to find", ask without doubt, strengthen language potential, not where to find. Zhuge Liang was deeply loved by the people in history, especially in Chengdu, Sichuan, where temples dedicated to him were easy to find. The beauty of the word "Xun" lies in its portrayal of the poet's persistent pursuit of sages and his long-term thinking of pious creation. The next sentence, "In a deep pine forest near Silk City", points out that the poet paid tribute to Wuhou Temple on the outskirts of Chengdu. The cypress trees here are shaded, tall and dense, showing a quiet and solemn atmosphere. Cypress has a long life, never withers all year round, is tall and straight, has symbolic significance, and is often used as an ornamental tree in temples. The author grasps this scene of Wuhou Temple, showing the majestic, lush, vigorous and simple image characteristics of cypress, reminding people of Zhuge Liang's spirit and can't help but respect it. Next, what is displayed in front of readers is wormwood spring grass, which spreads under the stone steps and reflects a piece of green; A few orioles walked through the leaves of the forest and made a clear cry.
The scenery depicted in the second couplet, "Spring grass dyes the steps, birds sing under the leaves", is bright in color, clear in rhyme, quiet and natural, and shows the spring scenery of Wuhou Temple infinitely beautifully. However, the spring of nature has come, but the hope of rejuvenating the motherland is very slim. Thought of here, the poet inevitably has a sad feeling, so it is said that the intertextuality of "self-spring color" and "empty and good sound", "self-nature" and "emptiness" describes a static and motionless environment. The poet infiltrated his subjective feelings into the objective scenery, traded in the scenery, and conveyed his inner sadness from the description of the scenery, which reflected the patriotic spirit of the poet concerned about the country and the people. Through the refraction of this patriotic thought, the image of Zhuge Liang in the poet's eyes is more brilliant.
"The third call made him shoulder the national affairs, and he gave his heart to two generations." The third part is full of colors and highly summarizes Zhuge Liang's life. Before the last sentence was written, Liu Bei visited the Caotang, and Zhuge Liang took countermeasures, pointing out that Zhuge Liang could foresee the political situation in Wei Shuwu at that time and formulated a set of policies for Liu Bei's reunification of the country. It can be seen that Liu Bei is a great talent for saving the world. The latter sentence is about mountains. Zhuge Liang helped Liu Bei create Shu Han, helped Liu Chan and praised his contribution to the country. Two sentences and fourteen words brought people to the war-torn Three Kingdoms era, and in a broad historical background, they portrayed the image of a saint who was loyal to the monarch and patriotic and helped the world. Memories of today. At this time, the Anshi Rebellion has not been settled, the country is divided and the people are displaced, which makes the poet worried. He longed for loyal subjects and sages to assist the country, rectify Gankun and restore the peaceful reunification of the country. It is this concern for the country that condenses into the poet's admiration for Zhuge Liang; In this historical figure, the poet pinned his beautiful vision for the destiny of the country.
The last couple of the poem "died before they could conquer, and the heroes cried on their coats", lamenting the historical misfortune of Zhuge Liang's failure in the army when he died of illness. The tragic ending of Zhuge Liang's dying ambition is undoubtedly a hymn of life. He practiced the oath of "do my best and die before you die" with actions, which further sublimated the spiritual realm of this ancient outstanding politician and produced the power to make people work hard.
This poem is divided into two parts. The first four sentences pay tribute to the ancestral temple of the Prime Minister, which reflects the reality from the description of the scenery and reveals the poet's concern for the country and the people; The last four sentences praise the talent of the Prime Minister and cherish the memory of the sages from historical recollection, which contain many expectations and longings for the destiny of the motherland. The whole poem has profound implications and profound sustenance, resulting in a deep and sad artistic conception. In a word, this seven laws discourse is very simple, but it has a large capacity and a high degree of generalization. In just 56 words, it tells the story of Zhuge Liang's life and shows readers an immortal Zhuge Liang. When patriots and ordinary readers of later generations recited this poem, they felt reverence for Zhuge Liang. Especially when I read the sentence "But before he conquered, he was dead, and the heroes cried on their coats", I couldn't help crying.
In artistic expression, questions are answered by themselves, facts are sketched, scenes are blended, narration and discussion are combined, the structure is seamless, the levels are agitated, and there is a language charm with refined words and harmonious tones, which makes people sigh and have endless aftertaste. Du Fu's poems are called "gloomy and frustrated", and the book is a typical representative.
Appreciation of the Original and Translation of Shuxiang 2 Shuxiang
Where is the temple of the famous prime minister? It is in a deep pine forest near the Silk City.
The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves.
The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations.
But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats.
Distinguish and appreciate
This seven-melody book expresses the poet's reverence for Zhuge Liang's wisdom and virtue and his unfinished mood. The whole collection of poems combines emotion, scenery and discussion, which not only comments on history, but also contains reality. It is a swan song in the poems praising Zhuge Liang in past dynasties.
The Prime Minister's Temple, now called Wuhou Temple, is located in the southern suburbs of Chengdu. Chengdu was the capital of the Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period. Zhuge Liang presided over the state affairs here for more than 20 years, with remarkable achievements. When Li Xiong was king in Chengdu in Jin Dynasty, he built an ancestral temple for him. Later, Huan Wen Pingshu and Chengdu suffered great damage, only Wuhou Temple was intact. "Jinguan City" is another name of ancient Chengdu. Shu brocade is produced in Chengdu. In ancient times, there were special officials in charge. They live in a small city in Chengdu (the old big city and small city in Chengdu), so Chengdu is also called Jinguancheng, Jincheng or Jinli. Another way of saying it is because Chengdu is close to Jinjiang, where the mountains and rivers are as beautiful as embroidery, hence the name. "Dense" means that cypress trees grow tall and dense. According to The Scholars and Taiping Universe, there is a cypress tree in front of Wuhou Temple, which is said to have been planted by Zhuge Liang himself.
These are a few sentences. The first sentence "Where is the Hall of Fame" is asking yourself. Using the word "prime minister" instead of "scholarly" makes people feel very cordial. In particular, the word "Qiu" in it shows that this trip is a purposeful visit, not a casual stroll; Because Du Fu first arrived in Chengdu and was unfamiliar with the geographical environment, he wrote such a word "Qiu". This word search has rich meanings. It also strongly shows Du Fu's strong admiration and nostalgia for Zhuge Liang, and also shows that the Prime Minister's Temple is a place that poets have long yearned for and want to visit. The last sentence is "in a deep pine forest near the Silk City". This is what the poet expected. It is about the location of the ancestral temple of the Prime Minister, pointing out the location of the ancestral temple to echo the previous sentence. The word "Bai Sensen" also renders a quiet and solemn atmosphere. These two poems, which are directly titled as "scholarly", are very prominent and use narrative and descriptive pen and ink.
The scenery depicted in the second couplet, "Spring grass dyes the steps, birds sing under the leaves", is bright in color, clear in rhyme, quiet and natural, and shows the spring scenery of Wuhou Temple infinitely beautifully. However, the spring of nature has come, but the hope of rejuvenating the motherland is very slim. Thought of here, the poet inevitably has a sad feeling, so it is said that the intertextuality of "self-spring color" and "empty and good sound", "self-nature" and "emptiness" describes a static and motionless environment. The poet infiltrated his subjective feelings into the objective scenery, traded in the scenery, and conveyed his inner sadness from the description of the scenery, which reflected the patriotic spirit of the poet concerned about the country and the people. Through the refraction of this patriotic thought, the image of Zhuge Liang in the poet's eyes is more brilliant.
"Three visits" refers to Liu Bei's three visits when Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Nanyang. Zhuge Liang's "Model" said: "The first emperor was not mean to his ministers, he wronged himself and cared for his ministers in the grass." "repeatedly annoyed", repeatedly annoyed. On the other hand, see Wang Shihan's poetics compilation in Qing Dynasty. Wang Shihan thought that "constant annoyance" was a common saying in the Tang Dynasty, and its meaning was similar to "solemnity". "World Plan" refers to the strategy of unifying the world. Specifically, this refers to Zhuge Liang's strategy of taking Jingzhou and Yizhou as bases, rectifying internal affairs, linking Sun Quan in the east and Cao Cao in the north, and then unifying the world. "Two Dynasties" refers to two generations of former Shu ruler Liu Bei and later Shu ruler Liu Chan. "Open economy" and "opening to the outside world" refer to helping Liu Bei start a foundation; "Aid" refers to helping Liu Chan cope with difficulties and dangers. "Economy" means completion, which can also be interpreted as persistence and success. "The heart of an old minister" refers to Zhuge Liang's spirit of being loyal to Shu Han, doing his best and dying.
These two sentences are particularly heavy and rich in meaning, which not only vividly expresses Zhuge Wuhou's great talent, the hardships of serving the country and his lifelong achievements, but also vividly shows his unswerving spirit and character. At the same time, he solemnly revealed the reasons why the poet admired Zhuge Wuhou. Because this couplet is the focus and core of the whole poem, the poet secretly carried the axe pound from the beginning, constantly creating momentum and circling all the way, which made the focus stand out and used powerful pen and ink. This is also in line with the writing principle of "one strong and one weak" in rhyme. This couplet is also an example of Du Fu's comments on poetry. Originally, lyricism is a prominent feature of poetry, which is generally not discussed. However, in this respect, Du Fu broke the routine and often put arguments into his poems, which not only made his poems unique, but also embodied a skill of Du Fu's poems.
"Die unconquered, heroes shed tears" and "arise" refer to the fact that Zhuge Liang went to Qishan six times to crusade against Wei. In the twelfth year of Jian Xing (234), the ruler of the last years of Shu and Han Dynasties, he took command of the army, then went out of Xiegu, occupied Wuzhangyuan, and stayed at loggerheads with Sima Yi across the Weihe River for more than a hundred days. In August, he died in the army. "Hero" here generally refers to people with lofty ideals who cherish the memory of Zhuge Liang, including the poet himself. These two sentences are followed by five or six sentences, which shows the poet's lofty admiration for Zhuge Liang's dedication and his regret for his unfinished business.
This poem is divided into two parts. The first four sentences pay tribute to the ancestral temple of the Prime Minister, which reflects the reality from the description of the scenery and reveals the poet's concern for the country and the people; The last four sentences praise the talent of the Prime Minister and cherish the memory of the sages from historical recollection, which contain many expectations and longings for the destiny of the motherland. The whole poem has profound implications and profound sustenance, resulting in a deep and sad artistic conception. In a word, this seven laws discourse is very simple, but it has a large capacity and a high degree of generalization. In just 56 words, it tells the story of Zhuge Liang's life and shows readers an immortal Zhuge Liang. When patriots and ordinary readers of later generations recited this poem, they felt reverence for Zhuge Liang. Especially when I read the sentence "But before he conquered, he was dead, and the heroes cried on their coats", I couldn't help crying.
In artistic expression, questions are answered by themselves, facts are sketched, scenes are blended, narration and discussion are combined, the structure is seamless, the levels are agitated, and there is a language charm of refining words and cutting sentences and harmonious tone, which makes people sigh and have endless aftertaste. Du Fu's poems are called "gloomy and frustrated", and the book is a typical representative.
By visiting historical sites, this poem expresses the praise of Zhuge Liang's outstanding talent and loyalty to the country, and regrets that he died before his success began.
Translation and annotation
translate
Where can I find Zhuge Liang ancestral temple in Wuhou? In the dense cypress forest on the outskirts of Chengdu.
The green grass is reflected on the steps, showing the spring scenery, and the orioles on the trees sing through the branches.
Three visits to the thatched cottage frequently talked about the world's plans, and the old ministers who assisted the two generations of monarchs were loyal.
It's a pity that he died in the army when he started attacking Wei, which often makes heroes through the ages feel tears in their skirts!
To annotate ...
Shu Xiang: the prime minister of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms, referring to Zhuge Liang. There is a note under the poem: Zhuge Liang Temple is in the west of Zhaolie Temple.
Prime Minister's Temple: namely Zhuge Wuhou Temple, which was first built in Cheng, Jin and Zhou Dynasties.
Jinguancheng: another name for Chengdu. Cypress (bǐ i) dense: cypress trees are lush and dense.
Spring grass is dyed, and orioles are empty (H m 40): These two sentences describe the scenery in the temple. Du Fu attached great importance to Zhuge Liang. He didn't come here to enjoy the beautiful scenery, but the words "self" and "emptiness" are affectionate. It means that the green grass reflects the steps, but it is spring scenery; The oriole leaves the leaf, but it makes a nice sound in the air. He has no intention of enjoying or listening. Because the people he worships can't see it anymore. Empty: white.
Diligent care for the world: Liu Bei took care of Mao Lu to unify the world and asked Zhuge Liang for advice. This is a compliment to the genius vision shown in the countermeasures. Frequent annoyance or "frequent", many times.
The opening of the two dynasties: Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Bei to create imperial industry, and later assisted Liu Chan. Dynasty: Liu Bei, Liu Chan and his son. Open: create. Economy: Help.
But before he conquered, he died, and the heroes cried on their coats (jρn): He died before he won the final victory, which often made the heroes of later generations cry. It means that Zhuge Liang went out to attack Wei many times and failed to win. In 234, the state of Shu was founded in 12 years and died in Wuzhangyuan (now southeast of Qishan, Shaanxi). Start: Send troops.
Creation background
In December 759 (the second year of Tang Suzong), Du Fu ended his wandering life and came to Chengdu, where he settled by the Huanhua River. In the spring of 760 AD, I visited Zhuge Wuhou Temple and wrote this touching poem.