Postmodernism literature

Question 1: What are the post-modernist literary works? Schools and representatives of foreign modern literature: (1) Existentialist literature: Sartre's novel Nausea, published in 1938, initiated the literary precedent of atheistic existentialism. Being and nothingness, published by him in 1943, is the philosophical program of existentialism. Albert. Camus, another general of existential literature, has a strong existential atmosphere in his works. The novels The Outsider (1945) and The Plague, as well as the plays Misunderstanding and caligula, won him honors far beyond his predecessors. 1957 get Nobel Prize in Literature. Simone. De? Beauvoir, an existentialist woman, is one of the most influential women in France in the 20th century. She is Sartre's student and companion. Beauvoir's most important work is The Second Sex, which is known as the "Bible" of the feminist movement. (2) Absurd drama: Absurd drama advocates pure drama and grasps the world through metaphor. They break the traditional writing techniques of drama, give up image-building and drama conflict, and use fragmented stage intuitive scenes, weird props, upside-down drama dialogues, grotesque, vague, morbid and ugly characters, and chaotic thinking to express the ugliness and horror of reality and life without stories. 196 1 Martin, a famous British drama theorist? Eslin published The Theatre of the Absurd, which summarized this kind of works in theory and officially named it. Since then, the absurd drama has developed to a mature and prosperous stage, and it has appeared in the forest of world literature with its anti-drama, anti-literature and avant-garde characteristics. Yunescu: The founder of the Absurd Theatre, and the author of the drama Bald Maid published by 1950 and the drama Chair published by 1952. Samuel? Beckett: 1953 The play Waiting for Godot caused a sensation on the French stage, which established his position in the French drama circle and made his reputation world-famous. Beckett 1969 won the Nobel Prize in Literature. Adamov: 1953 Everyone is against everyone, Professor Tarana. Genet: 1947 maid, 1956 balcony, 1958 black people, etc. Harold? Pinter: English playwright. His early works are often classified as absurd plays. His play The Butler (1960) won him the reputation of an international playwright and the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2005. (3) New Fiction School: it is a novel creation trend prevailing in the French literary world in the 1950s and 1960s, also known as "anti-traditional novel". The basic view of the New Fiction School holds that the omniscient narrator in traditional novels always tries to give life order and meaning, but it does not exist in real life. Since the 20th century, the novel art has been in a state of serious stagnation, which is rooted in the shackles of traditional novel concepts and outdated writing methods. Therefore, they advocate abandoning the realistic writing method represented by Balzac and reforming it from plot, characters, theme and time sequence. At the same time, the New Fiction School believes that the idiomatic language in traditional realistic novels must also be thoroughly reformed, because these languages have become "stereotyped" or "rigid" due to long-term repeated use, and have lost the ability to express the complex and changeable life of modern people. Allen? Rob Gerye: Eraser (1953), in the maze (1959). Natalie. Sallot (female): Matro (1953), Planetarium (1959), Huang Jinguo (1963). Michelle? Butao: via Milan (1954), transfer (1957). Claude? Simon: Flanders Highway (1960). This earned him the reputation as a pillar of "new novel" and established his position in the literary world. Margaret. Duras (female): At 10: 30 in the summer night, the movie script "Love in Hiroshima" (1959) (4) Beat Generation: a literary genre popular in the United States after World War II, a group of loosely United young poets and writers appeared in the United States. The authors of this genre are bold and uninhibited young men and women. They live a simple life, are unkempt, like to wear strange clothes, hate work and study, refuse to undertake any social obligations, despise social order, oppose all secular prejudices and monopoly capital rule, * * * foreign aggression and apartheid, hate machine civilization, and take pleasure in wandering around the world. They will always seek new * * *, seek absolute freedom, indulge in sex, take drugs and sink, so as to achieve decent traditional values ... >>

Question 2: The difference between modernist literature and post-modernist literature. On this green branch, pomegranates as red as flame and as bright as Chardonnay hang on the tree in a patchwork way. One by one, Guan Gong's face stood there like a drunk and said, "Beauty is hard to hide. Look at how many heroes have fallen at my feet through the ages. You may resist my charm? " Oh! Hit the nail on the head, but the imperial concubine got drunk and hit the nail on the head.

Question 3: What is postmodernism? 5 Postmodernism: Postmodernism (* * *) is an artistic, social, cultural and philosophical trend of thought that occurred in Europe and the United States in the 1960s and became popular in the West in the 1970s and 1980s. Its essence is to abandon the basic premise of modernity and its normative content. In post-modern art, this abandonment is manifested in rejecting modernist art as an independent value to divide cultural fields, and rejecting modernist formal restriction principle and partisan principle. Its essence is anti-rationalism, moral cynicism and emotional hedonism of intellectuals. Postmodernism is a constantly changing and difficult concept, which permeates all aspects of contemporary society, such as natural science, literature, architecture, art, sociology, philosophy, educational science and so on. Postmodernism is not an ideology, but a "state".

Extension: Modernism rose from the end of 19 to the middle of the 20th century, with avant-garde characteristics, and parted ways with traditional literature and art, also known as modernism.

Modernism itself has a very complicated background. Strictly speaking, modernism is not a genre, but a literary trend of thought (including art, music, drama and architecture, etc. ) has been merged by many schools with modernist creative techniques. The emergence of this school has its historical and regional factors: the rise of modern industry, the emergence of a group of middle classes, the relationship between people is becoming more and more alienated, indifferent and withdrawn, society has become an alien force, and people as individuals feel extremely lonely. During the two world wars, human beings slaughtered their own kind with their own invented guns and ammunition. The western ideas of freedom, fraternity and humanity were shattered by the war, and western civilization fell into a profound crisis. Modernism was born under such conditions.

Question 4: What are the main schools of modernist literature and postmodern literature? Modernist literary schools:

Symbolism school

(B) Stream of consciousness genre

(3) Absurd school

Surrealism school

Post-modernist literary schools:

"Beat Generation" School

(B) "New Fiction" is also called "anti-fiction" genre.

(C) School of Black Humor

(D) Magic Realism School

Question 5: What are the characteristics of postmodern literature? Postmodernism is a cultural trend of thought that swept the world in the second half of the 20th century. Taking Duras's classic Lover as an example, this paper analyzes the characteristics of postmodernism, such as crossing the boundary between truth and fiction, historicizing and textualizing the text, eliminating the boundary between elegant culture and popular culture, and disappearing and fragmenting the subject.

Keywords: postmodernism; Duras; love

Postmodernism is a pan-cultural trend of thought that has prevailed in the western world since 1960s, mainly since 1980s. It is also a philosophical thinking mode and attitude that criticizes and deconstructs modern cultural philosophy and spiritual value orientation. Although this anti-modernity trend of thought was conceived in the maternal embryo of modernism in 1930s, it is mainly the product of post-modern society (also known as post-industrial society, information society and late capitalism) adapting to the development of scientific and technological revolution, and it is also the reflection of American social crisis and spiritual alienation. It is generally believed that postmodernism appeared in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and then extended to developed capitalist countries in Europe. American writer Leslie? Federer said: "Today, almost all readers and writers-starting from 1995-are aware of the fact that we are experiencing the dying struggle of literary modernism and the pain of post-modernism." Just like the relationship between modernism and traditional culture, postmodernism is also considered as a break with modernism.

Margaret, the most famous female novelist, playwright and film artist in contemporary France? Duras's Lover is one of the representative works of postmodernism. Duras began to write when he was a teenager. Lover was published in 1984, and won the Gungur Literature Prize that year, making Duras a world-renowned French writer. 199 1 year, after Lover was made into a movie, Duras became one of the almost household-name female writers in the world today.

First, cross the boundary between reality and fiction

Linda? Hutchinson pointed out in Postmodern Poetics: "The most important boundary that postmodern literature breaks through is fiction and non-fiction, in other words, the boundary between life and art". Crossing the boundary between reality and fiction is an important feature of postmodern novels. In Lover, we also see this post-modernism feature. Duras completed this leap in his own unique way. There is no truth or fiction in her writing, and everything is uncertain. She kept saying contradictory words, confusing readers between truth and fiction, and introducing them into a novel world that is both true and illusory.

Second, the historization of the text and the textualization of history.

It's hard for us to say clearly what "Lover" wants to show. Its theme is "The story of a French girl and a China by no means". In Lover, we can't clearly distinguish the boundary between the real world and the text content. In repeated reading, the meaning of the text is constantly being spread and subverted. In postmodernism, the ultimate meaning of the so-called text is just a myth. The historization of text and the textualization of history are actually the direct relationship between text and text. Christeva, a French post-structuralist thinker, called this relationship "intertextuality". Each text not only triggers, derives and refers to each other, but also echoes each other.

Third, eliminate the boundary between elegant culture and popular culture.

In the book "Cultural Logic of Postmodernism or Late Capitalism", Jameson believes that postmodernism is first manifested as an "aesthetic populism". Modernist culture pursues elegant culture, but in the post-modernism stage, literature has eliminated the boundary between elegant culture and popular culture, and pure literature is slowly disappearing. French thinker Jean? Baudrillard declared that "playing with fragments is postmodernism". Postmodernism represents a fragmented and pluralistic world. In Lover, Duras created such a broken world effortlessly, which makes people feel that their life is in the process of continuous fragmentation.

Fourth, the disappearance and fragmentation of the subject.

American theoretical critic Jameson regards "the death of subject" as one of the characteristics of postmodernism. The loss of subjectivity makes postmodern art "almost universal and called patchwork practice". In Duras's Lover, the narrative perspective of the novel is constantly changing, and different narrative voices appear in the text, making the theme fragmented, real and illusory. Duras created an ambiguous state with various uncertain, nameless and nameless images. Rethinking postmodernism ... >>

Question 6: The classification of post-modern literature The main schools of post-modern literature are: absurd drama, new novel school, black humor, beat generation and magical realism.

Question 7: The difference between modernism and postmodernism. First of all, literature takes language as the center, reflects the material world with the creation of words and languages, and finally reaches the spiritual world of caring for people; Second, the relationship between readers and authors is no longer the relationship between understanding and non-understanding, but the relationship between readers' participation in creation and experiment; The narrative structure is more trivial, and it is still chaotic.

Question 8: Post-modernism literature lists the names of some representative writers here, Donald of the United States? Donald barthelme is represented by the novel Snow White. At home, Stephane's Youth Quotations? Twenty-eight years (Chinese publishing house) boldly describes intuition, explains the psychological characteristics of young people with Freud's psychoanalysis, and cooperates with the narrative of proverbs, and black humor runs through the whole text. His writing style is a rebellion against modernism, and it is a modernist work for China. China writer Ruan Yunhua's masterpiece "Pig Food Cave" (published overseas) examines and questions the modern mainstream social values. By creating a novel structure of "scattered structure" and making full use of the symbolic language of symbols, the modern literary view is consciously subverted. In fact, postmodernism is not without literary skills, nor without depth. What is reflected in literary works is a character's personality and event experience, which can be explained from many angles. That is to say, in literary works, the author does not give any character a specific social orientation, but the readers themselves seek its orientation. Simply put, whether the hero is a good person or a bad person is completely determined by the reader himself.