Name and font size: Du Fu, with beautiful words.
Date of birth and death: 7 12 ~ 770.
Place of birth: Gong County, Henan Province
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty
Works: Du Gongbu's Works.
Historical evaluation
Li Bai and Li Bai are regarded as the pinnacle of Tang poetry. Their poems are tempered and painstakingly managed, and they are the passwords of later literati.
Lifelong achievement
Du Fu's early works are few in number. These poems are in line with the ethos of the times, full of self-confidence and heroic tendencies, which are obviously different from Du Fu's own later works. For example, it is arrogant to write about horses with "no way to go" and "ten thousand rampages", and to write about eagles with "killing hundreds of birds at a time and bleeding out weeds". The poem "Looking at Yue" wrote: "Climb to the top of the mountain, and you will see that other mountains are short in the sky." , with extraordinary spirit.
At the age of 35, Du Fu ended his life of studying and roaming, and came to Chang 'an with confidence to seek fame. However, after staying for 10 years, I hit a wall again and again. Soon, my father died and life became difficult. After many hardships, he saw the misfortune of the country and the people through his personal misfortune. At this time, the traditional Confucian outlook on life played an important role in his character and behavior habits. In the 11th year of Tianbao (752), Du Fu wrote his masterpiece Chedian, which recorded the tragic picture of people being driven to the battlefield to die with a serious attitude. This poem marks the transformation of Du Fu's poetry. This forms and basically runs through the ideological content characteristics of Du Fu's poetry creation in his later years: serious realism spirit; Under the premise of loyalty to the Tang Dynasty and the monarch, he severely criticized the decadent phenomenon in the ruling group; Deep sympathy for the sufferings of people's livelihood; Deep anxiety about the fate of the country and the nation.
The original one night abroad:
The breeze rippled on the grassy coast, through the night, and blew to my still mast.
The endless plains are dotted with drooping stars. The moon runs with the river.
If only my art could bring me fame. The official took sick leave because of his old age.
Flying around, flying around, what am I like, just a sandpiper in the vast world! .
Author: Du Fu
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty
Genre: Five-character Rhyme
Measure:
○ Pingsheng ● Pingsheng ⊙ Pingkecuo △ Yunping ▲ Yun Yun
The rhyme of this book is: eleven especially; You can pass the customs "1 1 special".
The breeze rippled on the grassy coast, through the night, and blew to my still mast.
●●○○●,○○●●△
The endless plains are dotted with drooping stars. The moon runs with the river.
○○○●●,●●●○△
If only my art could bring me fame. The official took sick leave because of his old age.
○●○○●,○○●●△
Flying around, flying around, what am I like, just a sandpiper in the vast world! .
○○○●●,○●●○△
Precautions:
Danger: towering mast.
(2) Stardrop sentence: The distant stars seem to fall to the ground, making Yuan Ye more vast.
Moon surge sentence: Silver moonlight reflects the surging Yangtze River.
④ Sha Ou: the name of waterfowl.
Like to be perpendicular to the ground; The silver light reflects the surging Yangtze River, and it keeps passing away. Is my fame remarkable because of the article? I am old and weak. It must be time to retire. Now, what is it like for me to wander around? Like a lonely Sha Ou between heaven and earth.
Du Fu is a realistic poet, and his poems reflect the human sufferings of the people at that time and some beautiful mountains and rivers. Du Fu has great ambition to benefit the people, hoping to make contributions, but his lifelong pursuit has failed, and he can only wander around. He felt sorry for this and wrote this poem.
From the poem, we can clearly feel its life picture: Du Fu compares his loneliness to a tall boat, and compares the smallness of man with the vastness and majestic momentum of the starry sky, the bright moon and the rivers, while his vast vision expresses his inner sigh. The whole poem is full of a lonely and desolate artistic conception, which makes people feel an unspeakable sadness, blending scenes and touching.
Du Fu worked hard with the arduous spirit of "words don't astonish and die endlessly". From this poem, we can get a glimpse of the whole leopard. We can see Du Fu's intention in refining ci by the "drooping" of the stars from the clearing and the "drooping" of the moon running up from the river. "Vertical" is about the unique feeling of watching the stars in the empty Ye Ping. And "surging" is as majestic as the surging river. These two poems are also classic sentences of the whole poem, which not only have neat antithesis, but also express their loneliness indirectly through the scenery. Although it coincides with Li Bai's "The mountains are wider and Ye Ping is harmonious, and the river winds through the wilderness", the images in Du Fu's poems are richer and the weather is broader.
The night scenes written by the first couplet and the parallel couplet of One Night in a Foreign Country, and the bleak artistic conception written by the neck couplet and the tail couplet perfectly outline an artistic realm of wandering, desolation and despair.
[Edit this paragraph] Original text
Che Che Che Che (lín) and Pedestrian (xíng) wear bows and arrows at their waists.
Yes (through "Ye", father), my mother's wife went to see her off until the dust would bury the bridge outside Chang 'an.
They run after you, crying, pulling your sleeve and crying into the sky.
Passers-by ask people to walk (xíng), people walk (xíng), but clouds walk frequently (háng).
Some people go to the north of the Yellow River at the age of fifteen, even if they go to the western border to open up wasteland at the age of forty.
When they set out, the mayor wrapped their headscarves and returned to the head of the white ring (hái) to guard the border.
Countless border guards shed blood and sacrificed to form seawater, and the concept of border defense in Huang Wu has not stopped.
You haven't heard that in a city with 200 states in Shandong Province, nothing grows except weeds in thousands of villages.
Even if a strong woman plows the field with a hoe, nothing will grow on the crops in the field.
Moreover, the soldiers of the Qin Dynasty can fight hard, and there is no difference between chickens and dogs when they are rushed to fight.
No matter what demands are made on them, does the soldier dare to expand his hatred?
Just like this winter, we didn't stop the soldiers west of Hangukou from enlisting.
The county magistrate urgently urges people to pay taxes. Where does the tax come from?
We know that having a son will bring bad luck, and having a daughter will be much better. ..
Girls can also marry their nearest neighbors, and boys will die in battle.
Didn't you see Qinghai Head, where all the old bones were abandoned?
The new ghost wails there, and the old one is loudest in the stormy dark sky!
[Edit this paragraph] Note
1. lines: this is a genre in Yuefu songs. But the military vehicle shop is a new topic created by Du Fu.
2. Collision sound: the sound of wheels. Rustle: voice of A?vagho?a. Xíng: refers to the soldiers who have been recruited and set out.
3. Yes: Just like Grandpa, Dad. Go: Run. Xian yangqiao: refers to the temporary bridge, which was built by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and called xian yangqiao in the Tang Dynasty, so it is located in the southwest of Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province.
4. dry (gān): rush. Point-line-plane frequency: frequent place names call for able-bodied men.
5. Passerby: Passerby, this is what Du Fu said. Xíng: At that time, it was a conscription term, that is, to call the roll. Under the "but cloud", all the answers are from pedestrians.
6. Or: indefinite pronouns, some, some people. River defense: At that time, there were frequent wars with Tubo, and troops from Longyou, Guanzhong and Shuofang were recruited to gather around Hexi to defend. Because its land is in the north of Chang 'an, it is called "guarding the river in the north". Xiyingtian: Farming system was practiced in ancient times. The army cultivates land when there is no war and fights when there is war. "Facing the sky in the west" is also a precaution against Tubo.
7. Li Zheng: In the Tang Dynasty, there was one for every 100 households, which was responsible for managing household registration. Check civil affairs, urge taxes, etc. The right side is covered with soap (black silk) for three feet, which is called a headscarf. Because the recruits are young, they need to wrap their heads in the kitchen.
Huang Wu: Liu Che, emperor of the Han Dynasty. In Tang poetry, there is often a euphemism for Tang. Here I borrow Huang Wu to refer to Tang Xuanzong. It is good to use "Han" instead of "Tang" in Tang poetry. The following "Han family" also refers to the Tang Dynasty. Edge: use force to open up the frontier.
9. Jing Qi (qǐ): Thorns and willows are wild shrubs. Dragon (lǒng) mu: cultivated land. Dragons, through "ridges", cultivate a row of ridges on cultivated land and plant crops in the middle.
10. Red soldiers: refer to soldiers in Guanzhong area. Hard-working-can fight hard. Soldiers in Guanzhong can fight tough battles and be involved in the battlefield like chickens and dogs.
1 1. Elder: The "traveler" mentioned above is Du Fu. The recruiter called him "the elder". "Do they dare to complain?" Recruiters are afraid to tell their grievances and resentment. This is a rhetorical tone, which shows the modality that foot soldiers dare to be angry and dare not speak.
12. Kansai: At that time, it referred to the place west of Hangu Pass. These two words are because the war against Tubo is not over yet, and the soldiers in Kansai have not been able to go home.
13. Nearby: Nearby.
14. Qinghai Head: Qinghai border. This is the place where the Han nationality and the northwest ethnic minorities have often fought since the Han Dynasty. In the early Tang dynasty, there was a large-scale war with Turks and Tubo in this area.
15.Jojo: Onomatopoeia, which means the sound of sobbing.
[Edit this paragraph] Translation
Vehicles rumbled, horses rustled, and soldiers went out with bows and arrows hanging from their waists. My parents, wife and children came to see me off, but there was no Xianyang Bridge in the dust. Stop on the road, hold the soldier's clothes and cry, crying straight into the sky.
Passers-by asked the soldiers how to get out, but the soldiers only said that there were frequent conscription on the roster. Some people go to the north of the Yellow River at the age of fifteen and will go to the western frontier to farm at the age of forty. Some young men were wrapped in headscarves when they left. When I came back, I was bald and had to guard the border. Countless frontier soldiers shed blood and sacrificed to form seawater, and Huang Wu's idea of opening up the frontier has never stopped. Haven't you heard of the vegetation in Baicun Village, 200 states east of Huashan Mountain in Hanjia? Even if there is a strong woman with a hoe and plow in her hand, the crops in the field will not grow into a line. Besides, the soldiers of Qin can fight hard and be driven to war, just like chickens and dogs. Despite the doubts of elders, how dare people who serve in the army express their disgust? Just like this winter, we have never stopped recruiting troops west of Hanguguan. The county magistrate urgently urged the people to pay the rent tax. Where does the rent tax come from? I do know that having a boy is a bad thing, but it is better to have a girl. Give birth to a girl who can marry her neighbor, and give birth to a boy who died on the battlefield and was buried in the grass.
Don't you see, on the edge of Qinghai, the bones of soldiers who have died since ancient times have not been buried. The new ghost resents the old ghost and cries in annoyance, and the ghost chirps when it is rainy and wet. [Edit this paragraph] Deng Yueyang Tower [Du Fu]
Climbing Yueyang Tower
Don du fu
I heard that Dongting Lake is magnificent before, but today's wish has finally reached Yueyang Tower.
The vast lake tore Wu Chu apart, as if the sun, moon and stars were floating in the water.
There is no news from my friends or relatives. I am old and sick, drifting in a boat.
The battle of the north gate began again, and I cried through the railing.