There are only two short chapters in the whole poem, both of which start with the melody of "In decline, in decline, Hu will not return": It's dark, it's dark, why don't you go home? The poet then explained the reason: "Because of Weijun, Hu is exposed in the middle"; "Because of Weijun's bow, Hu is in the mud". This means that for the sake of the monarch and to feed their noble bodies, they have to work day and night in dew and mud all year round. However, only two words are changed in the first and second chapters of the poem "Shi Wei", but in this ingenious change, the author's uniqueness in word choice is reflected.
The first chapter is "Wei Jun's Cause" and the second chapter is "Wei Jun's Bow". Only the words "gu" and "gong" are changed in the upper and lower chapters, but the poem has full semantics and harmonious rhymes. "Because of Weijun", Zhu Xi's "Collected Poems" explains: "If I am not because of you"; "Because of Weijun", "Gong" is a variant of "躳", "Erya·Explanation": " "Bow, Shen". The two characters "Bow" and "Shen" refer to each other, so "Bow" refers to itself, and also refers to "Jun". "Wei Jun's Bow" means "If I don't have a king". The first chapter says "If I don't have a king", the next chapter says "If I don't have a king". The upper and lower chapters express the same meaning but use different words, expressing the author's euphemistic and implicit feelings vividly. Secondly, Chapter 1 is "Hu is exposed in the middle" and Chapter 2 is "Hu is exposed in the mud". "Lu" is a borrowed word for "路". "Erya·Shiming": "Road means dew. It means that people walk on it and reveal it." Fang Yurun's "Original Book of Songs": "'Ni Zhong' still means mud coating." Note: "Zhong Lu" also means "Zhong Lu". That is to say, as the saying goes, to feel heavy in the heart is like being blocked by something; "in the mud" means to be stuck in the mud and unable to extricate oneself. Therefore, "Zhonglu" and "Mudzhong" are fictitious words rather than real words, and the upper and lower chapters can complement each other for understanding.
At the same time, the author never forgets the harmony of rhyme when changing the number of words. In Chapter 1, "Gu" and "Lu" rhyme with the Yin tone "鱼" and Ru tone "Duo"; in Chapter 2, "Gong" and "Zhong" rhyme with the Yin tone "Invasion". These two sentences not only express the author's thoughts and feelings, but also rhyme harmoniously and have a neat word count. They have the effect of killing two birds with one stone. In just two chapters and a few sentences, the inhuman condition of the enslaved people and their full resentment towards the rulers left a very deep impression on the readers.
Because of this, the words are changed in chapters and chapters, and the rhymes are harmonious. It embodies the characteristics of three sighs and endless aftertaste. It embodies the exquisite and concise language of the Book of Songs, with both long and short sentence patterns and a strong sense of rhythm. The poem "The Decline" is a short 32-character poem, which contains three, four and five-character variations. It is neat and flexible, and can express the ups and downs of the heroine's thoughts and feelings. The choice of sentence patterns changes flexibly with the content and thoughts and feelings of the poem, enhancing the rhythm of the poem. In short, the art of using language in "The Decline" is not only harmonious and beautiful in rhythm, but also exquisite in word choice.
In terms of art, this poem uses questions to strengthen the language effect. Judging from the whole poem, "the situation is declining, the situation is declining, and Hu will not return" is not a question out of doubt, but a deliberate question that has already been made in mind. The poet is oppressed by the ruler, working day and night in the wild, unable to return home, and suffering unspeakably. It is natural for the poet to express his inner dissatisfaction, but if it is stated directly, it is easy to exhaust it. Although there is no doubt about it, it is pretentious. The questioning form makes the poem seem gentle and emotional, and at the same time it attracts attention and inspires people to think. It is said that one should not complain but complain deeply. It is precisely because of the clever use of these rhetorical techniques that the poem "Shi Wei" "has a realm beyond the words. The more you read it repeatedly, the more infinite its meaning becomes." Fang Yurun's "The Original Book of Songs": "The words are simple and the meaning is deep, and the meaning is profound. It contains infinite meaning and cannot be read by the unwary."
Yu Guanying's "Selected Poems": "This is the complaint of those who are suffering from labor.
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