When Alesha was very young, his father fell ill and died, and his mother took him back to his grandparents' house.
The arrival of Alesha's mother caused a fight between his elder brother Mikhail and his younger brother Yakov. They were afraid that their mother would come to beg for a dowry and split up, and the family became a group. Alesha initially realized that the atmosphere of mutual hatred pervaded her grandfather's family. Big JIU played a trick on grigori, the old tailor, and asked his nephew to put the scalding thimble on grigori's hand, only to be accidentally put on by his grandfather, who slapped his grandson. Alesha was severely beaten by his grandfather for putting the tablecloth in the dyeing bucket. During the beating, everyone gloated, even his mother was afraid to stop him for fear of his grandfather, and only his grandmother protected Alesha.
After Alesha was beaten, my grandfather came to see him and told him about his time as a tracker on the Volga River when he was young. Alesha felt that my grandfather had grown up like a cloud, from a thin little old man to a Hercules in fairy tales. After being beaten, Alesha got to know the young man Zgang, and he became Alesha's best friend. Every time Alesha was beaten, he always put his arm out to help him. Every Saturday, he takes Alesha to play all kinds of games. He is good at dancing and dreams of having a good voice. Alesha loved him very much, but he was forced by two uncles to carry a load-bearing oak cross to the graveyard. After stumbling in the middle, he was crushed by the cross and died of excessive blood loss.
after tzigane's death, Alesha became more attached to her grandmother. Before going to bed, I played a joke on my grandmother, who told him the story of God and imp. Grandma is Alesha's favorite person.
"Before my grandmother arrived, I seemed to be asleep, as if I were hiding in the dark. Her appearance awakened me and made me see the light. She connected everything around me and woven it into colorful lace patterns. She soon became my lifelong friend and my most intimate person. She understands me best and is my most precious person, because she is full of selfless love for the world. This kind of love has enriched me and filled me with strong strength in difficult years. "
Grandma knows countless stories, poems, legends and fairy tales, and Alesha is fascinated by them. One night, the family suddenly lost fire, and the family panicked. Grandma was very brave. She covered her head with an empty bag and was covered with a horse quilt. She rushed into the fire without fear, took out a bottle full of sulfate as big as a bucket, and calmly directed others to put out the fire. After the fire, I endured great pain to deliver the baby.
As soon as spring came, my uncles separated, my grandfather bought a new house for himself, and Alesha still lived with my grandparents. This is a day of gentle rhythm, and only grandparents are in contact with Alesha. Grandma told him about her life. Grandma was an orphan, and her mother was poor and disabled. In order to make a living, she followed her mother around and begged, and later she made a living by weaving lace. Grandpa also talked about getting along with French soldiers when he was a child. Grandpa began to teach Alesha to read during this time. Grandpa relapsed and beat grandma, which made Alesha feel unbearable.
The quiet days were soon broken. In order to divide the grandfather's property, the two uncles joined forces to make trouble at the grandparents' house, especially the big uncle Mikhail, who was drunk and made trouble, wandering around the house all night, bringing help to pull out all the marlin bushes and sour chestnut trees, smashing the bathroom and breaking the glass. Once he hit the door with a thick wooden root, grandpa gathered two tenants and the wife of the hotel owner to deal with him. To help her son, my grandmother's arm was interrupted by my uncle, and Alesha hated my uncle very much.
It was another monotonous day. Grandma prayed every day, and Grandpa prayed every day. Alesha thinks that grandma's God is kind and compassionate, but grandpa's God keeps people away, which is daunting. Alesha likes grandma's God, hates grandpa's God, and deliberately catches grandpa's mistakes in prayer and plays tricks on him. During this period, Alesha often fought with children in the street, because the practical jokes made by these children made him intolerable. At this time, grigori, an old craftsman who worked for my grandfather all his life, was fired by my uncle because he was blind and became a beggar. Alesha was embarrassed for this.
Grandpa suddenly sold his original house and bought a house elsewhere. Alesha met many people here. There are tenants nicknamed "Good Things", uncle Peter who robbed the church disguised as a coachman, and three children of the Aufsynikov family. Alesha has established friendship with them all, but the relationship with "good things" is the closest. "Good thing" is a pharmacist who is busy doing experiments all day. He has a thorough understanding of life and often guides Alesha to observe the details of life and teach him the truth of life.
"In my opinion, the yard is bland and there is nothing worth paying attention to. But with a gentle push from him, or a few words of advice, everything I saw was different, as if all these things had unique meanings, which left me a particularly deep impression. " But the "good thing" was eventually driven away by my grandfather because it was not understood by the people around me. Alesha was very angry, but there was nothing he could do.
bored, my mother came back. After staying in several cities for a long time and giving birth to another child, she returned to her grandfather's house with no way out. She began to teach Alesha to read and make him recite many poems. Grandpa forced his mother to remarry, and her mother resisted desperately. Grandpa was very angry, passed his anger on to his grandmother, beat her up, and inserted her hair pin deeply into her scalp. Alesha avenged her grandmother by cutting her grandfather's favorite saint into pieces.
Alesha was sent to school by her mother, but soon she was forced to stay at home because of chicken pox. Worried about her mother's marriage, grandma started drinking and told Alesha about her father and mother's past. Soon, my mother took a fancy to a surveying student and insisted on marrying him. Alesha didn't like her stepfather and new grandmother, and didn't want her mother to remarry, but there was nothing she could do. After his mother remarried, Alesha continued to live with his grandparents. He began to grow up and had his own confidence. Alesha went back to school, but the teacher didn't like him, and only the bishop appreciated him. He was beaten by his mother for taking a ruble to buy a fairy tale book. Stepfather was very bad to his mother, and kicked her with his feet. Alesha and his stepfather worked hard and were sent back to his grandfather's house.
Grandpa went bankrupt, and Alesha lived alone with his grandmother. After passing the third grade exam, he stopped going to school and began to support himself. He made many friends, and they helped each other, collecting junk and pulling wood together. In August, my mother passed away, and my grandfather said that Alesha was not a medal, so he could not always hang it around his neck. So, Alesha went to the world and went out to make a living.
Childhood is the first of Gorky's autobiographical novels. As early as the 189s, Gorky had the idea of writing biographical works. From 198 to 191, Lenin visited Gorky's apartment in Capri Island, Italy, and Gorky told him about his childhood and teenage life more than once. On one occasion, Lenin said to Gorky, "You should write everything out, old friend, and you must write it out! All this is very educational and excellent! " Gorky said, "One day, I will write it ..." Soon, he fulfilled this promise.
The author Gorky has repeatedly stated in Childhood: "Whenever I recall the depressing, dirty and barbaric life in Russia, I often ask myself: Is it necessary to write about this ugly behavior? I always answer myself with full confidence: it is necessary! Because this is the living ugly reality of life, which still exists at present. To change this reality, to remove its influence from people's memories and hearts and from our heavy and dirty life, we must thoroughly understand this reality. "
"I describe this ugly behavior in real life for a more positive reason: although these ugly behaviors are disgusting and make us feel depressed; Although they have killed countless beautiful souls, the hearts of Russians are still so healthy and young, and they are overcoming and finally being able to overcome this ugly behavior. " "Our life is very wonderful.
In our life, although there is fertile soil that breeds all kinds of shameless scum, this soil will eventually grow into excellent, healthy and creative forces, and grow into kind and humane things, which constantly inspire our eternal hope of building a bright and humane new life. " On the one hand, it shows Gorky's aesthetic principle: writers don't have to avoid any ugly things in life, but the purpose is to arouse people's attention and completely eliminate them, and firmly believe that human society has a self-regulation mechanism of truth, goodness and beauty.
On the other hand, it also shows that Gorky's purpose in writing about his tragic childhood experience is not to show people how sympathetic and pitiful he is, nor to simply recall his childhood life, but to tell readers how hard life is no matter how bad the environment is. There are always some kind and beautiful people who can cultivate a healthy and upright mind in a dirty environment with an upward heart. Therefore, we say that the ideological content of the book is positive rather than decadent. ? [5]?
Gorky truly describes his miserable childhood in this book, reflecting some typical characteristics of social life at that time, especially drawing a vivid picture of the customs and human feelings of the Russian petty bourgeoisie. It not only reveals those "lead-like scandals", but also depicts many outstanding ordinary people around the author, among which the image of grandmother is one of the most glorious and poetic images in Russian literature. It is these ordinary people who have given the young Gorky a good influence, making him develop a character that does not bend his knees to ugly phenomena and exercise into a strong and kind person.
Childhood is a novel based on the author's own childhood experience. It is a historical picture of Russian society at the end of 19th century, from which we can see the writer's struggle in searching for light in a dark society in his childhood and adolescence. The novel reproduces the social environment in which the Russian people lived during the reign of Russia in the 19th century. It describes the author's childhood sufferings, which was also a common phenomenon in society at that time.
Gorky was born in a carpenter's family in Nizhny Novgorod on the Volga River on March 16th, 1868. When his father died at the age of 4, he spent his childhood with his mother at his grandfather's house. At the age of 1, Gorky began to make a living independently. He has worked as an apprentice, porter, janitor, baker, etc., and personally experienced the suffering of the lower classes. During this period, he studied hard and began to explore the truth of transforming society. In 1884, he joined a populist party group, read populist works and Marx's works, and actively participated in revolutionary activities.
in p>195, Gorky joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party. In 196, Gorky was entrusted by Lenin to go to the United States from Finland to carry out revolutionary activities and publish the novel Mother in the United States. Later settled in Capri, Italy. In 1913, Gorky returned from Italy, engaged in proletarian cultural organization and presided over the literary column of Pravda.
after the October revolution in p>1917, along with the chaos, destruction, anarchism and various violent incidents, Gorky had conflicts with Lenin and the new regime. In October 1921, Gorky went abroad for recuperation due to illness and differences with Bolshevik regime. In 1928, Gorky returned to the Soviet Union. Under Stalin's arrangement, he made two long-distance trips in Russia and decided to return to China to settle down. In 1934, he was elected chairman of the Writers Association.
Gorky, as a banner of Soviet cultural circles after returning to China, has done a lot of work for Soviet cultural construction. However, various problems in the Soviet Union in the 193s kept him at a certain distance from Stalin and real politics.