(1) Inward migration of ethnic minorities in the north and west.
(2) Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty; changed his surname to Chinese and spoke Chinese.
Reform is a powerful driving force for social development. Please read the following materials and explore related issues based on the knowledge you have learned:
Material 1:
Material 2: The Lord of Wei (Emperor Xiaowen) issued an edict, thinking that "the people in the north call the soil wei Tuo, later became postscript. The emperor of Wei first came from Tu De, so he was named Tuo Ba. The color of Huang Zhong was the origin of things, and all the heroes and old clans changed their surnames. ...Now I want to cut off all the Northern dialects and start with the correct pronunciation...If the pronunciation of those under thirty in the imperial court is still the same, if there is any reason, they should be punished and demoted."
——"Zi Zhitong" "Jian"
Material 3: The Hu people have women who understand the Chinese music, and the Han women also understand the Huqin.
——Quoted from poetry in the late Yuan Dynasty
Please answer:
(1) Which historical phenomenon in ancient my country does Material 1 reflect?
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(2) According to the second material and the knowledge you have learned, analyze who is the "Master of Wei"? What specific reform measures does this edict propose?
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(3) In addition to what is mentioned in Material 2, what other measures have been taken to reform the "Wei Lord"?
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(4) Please tell us the historical role of this reform? And its guiding significance for today’s society?
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(5) What methods of ethnic integration do the above materials reflect in our country’s history?
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Answer:
(1) Inward migration of ethnic minorities in the north and west.
(2) Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty; changed his surname to Chinese and spoke Chinese.
(3) Wear Han clothes; marry the Han; adopt the official system and laws of the Han; learn Han etiquette, respect Confucius and the elderly, and govern the country with filial piety.
(4) Promoted the great integration of northern ethnic groups. Reform should conform to the trend of the times, advance with the times, be unafraid of difficulties and be brave in innovation.
(5) Ethnic migration; reform of minority rulers; friendly exchanges between ethnic groups; inter-ethnic marriages, etc.