I. Animals
1, cicada
Feeling the life experience and telling the sadness: "Chanting cicadas" by King Robin in the Tang Dynasty: "The cicadas in the west sing, and the guests in the south crown think deeply. I can't stand the shadow of a mysterious temple to break the heart of a white-haired prisoner. His flight is heavy through the fog, and his pure voice is drowned in the wind world. Who knows if he is still singing? Who will listen to me? ? "Singing silently in prison, expressing one's deep homesickness, every sentence can find the shadow of the poet's injustice and self-confidence.
Parting is painful, but the long journey is: Song's "The Sound of Rain" says: "Cold cicadas are sad, it's late for Changting, and the shower begins to rest." Before describing the parting directly, an atmosphere was brewed that could touch the parting. Tang's "Late Cicada" said: "Deep in the high willows, you can feel lonely and sad about the past. You are afraid of the traveler's head. "
2. Hongyan
Hongyan is a migratory bird. Every autumn, it moves south, which often leads to homesickness and sadness for travelers. For example, Tang's "Smelling the flute on a Spring Night" says: "Wild geese spend the night in Dongting, so don't wait until dawn to fly north." There are also letters that mention Hongyan, such as "The geese cross without answering me, and the river is full of autumn water" (Du Fu's "To Li Bai at the End of the Day").
3. Rhododendron
Rhododendron, also known as azalea and nightingale, is a sad cry, which is often associated with sadness and homesickness in classical poetry. "The lonely pavilion is closed in the cold spring, and the sunset falls on the cuckoo sound." In Qin Guan's ci, the sadness of the lonely pavilion is rendered, and the poet's sadness and homesickness are conveyed. "Saint Zhuangzi daydreaming, bewitched by butterflies, emperors are in love, cuckoos crow", and Li Shangyin's poems express his earnest thoughts through cuckoos. "What can you hear here in the morning and evening? .
4. partridge
The singing of partridge makes people sound like "I can't live without my brother", which is very easy to evoke the association of hard journey and full of feelings of parting. For example, "the river is worried at night, and the partridges are heard at the foot of the mountain" (Xin Qiji, "Bodhisattva Man? Book Jiangxi stoma wall "); Maid-in-waiting seems to be full of spring palace, and now there are only partridges flying "(Li Bai's Visit to Yue Gu). Here it also acts as a symbol of the scene of decline, and its sad cry often indicates sadness and decline.
5. Orioles
Being good at singing is a symbol of spring. "Thousands of miles of Ti Ying are green and red, and the water town is full of wine flags" (Du Mu's "Jiangnan Spring"), and Du Mu wrote the beautiful spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River with an oriole; "A few early warblers compete for warm trees, whose new swallow pecks at the spring mud" (Bai Juyi's "Spring Tour in Qiantang"), Bai Juyi uses orioles to sing and swallows fly lightly to illustrate the arrival of spring.
Second, plants
Liu 1
"Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic, and folding Liu means leaving each other. Therefore, the ancients had the custom of folding willows to bid farewell, so "willow" means to be sad and leave. Xiaoya? Cai Wei: "Before, I passed away. Now think about it, it's raining again." In Liu Yong's Yulin Ridge, "Where does Yang Liuan wake up tonight? The breeze is fading" expresses the sadness of parting. Li Bai said in "Recalling Qin E": "Qin Louyue, willow leaves every year, Baling died." It also expresses the sadness of parting.
2. Education and Industrial Mathematics (short for Mathematics in Education and Industry)
"Mei" has the characteristics of "cold tolerance", which poets use to express their aloof and unharmonious character. Lu You's "Yongmei" says: "Scattered into mud, crushed into dust, but the fragrance remains unchanged." And Wang Mian's "Mo Mei" said: "Don't praise lewdness, just leave your breath full of dry Kun." Both reflect their unwillingness to go with the flow. Plum blossoms are in full bloom.
3. Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum, the flower of Ao Shuang, has a strong character and noble temperament. Qu Yuan's Lisao says, "Drink Mulan in the morning, and autumn chrysanthemum will fall at dusk." The poet symbolizes his noble character by drinking dew and eating flowers. In the Tang Dynasty, Yuan Zhen's Chrysanthemum said, "Autumn flowers are like Taoist priests, slanting around the fence. It is not that flowers prefer chrysanthemums, but that this kind of flower is more barren.
4. Lotus
"Lotus" and "pity" are the same, and poetry expresses love. For example, the "Song of Xizhou" written by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties: "In autumn, lotus flowers are picked in the southern pond, and the lotus flowers are over the head; Bow your head, lotus seeds are as green as water. " "Lotus seed" means "Reiko Kobayakawa" and "green" means "green". What is written here is both true and empty, meaning pun intended. The rhetorical device of homophonic pun is used to express a woman's deep yearning for the man she loves and the purity of love.
5. Indus River
Indus is a symbol of desolation and sadness. Rain at night: "The phoenix tree leaves with a sound of autumn, and the banana is a little bit sad. After the third night, the dream comes back." With the falling of buttonwood leaves and the rain hitting the banana, write all your thoughts. Others, such as "a leaf makes a sound, and the empty steps drip to the light" (More Leaking in the Tang Dynasty), "The phoenix tree is raining until dusk, bit by bit" (Li Qingzhao
6. Cao Fang
Taking fragrant grass as a metaphor for leaving hate, Li Yu's "Qingpingle" says: "Leaving hate is like spring grass, and it is born farther away." People can see that leaving love is endless, and the infinity of grass reflects the pervasion and recovery of love.
With the metaphor of grass, we think: "If there are few bosom friends, where can we find grass in the world" (Zhu Dunru's "Pride of Fisherman"), "Where can there be grass in the world" (Su Shi's "butterfly lovers"), not to mention that grass is a bosom friend.
Time flies, life is short and time is precious, all of which are caused by the recurrence of fragrant grass every year. "Poor spring doing nothing, it is rain or shine. There are even clouds in Jiangnan and Jiangbei. Where can I find fragrant grass? " (Zhu Dunru's A Lost Rope) To cherish the grass is to cherish life.
Third, natural phenomena.
1, Mingyue
The bright moon contains homesickness, such as "there are 300,000 people in the village, and I will look back at the bright moon for a while" (Tang? Li Yi's "Joining the Army in the North") can't help but miss home; "Looking up, it turned out to be moonlight and sank back, suddenly thinking of home" (Tang? Li Bai's "Silent Night Thinking") is extremely sentimental about longing for the moon; "The small building was easterly last night, and the old country was unbearable to look back at the middle of the month" (South Tang? Li Yu's The Mermaid shows the special pain of a monarch's national subjugation. The bright moon is the emotional sustenance, such as Zhang Jiuling's hope and yearning that "the moon is now full of the sea, and the horizon at this time is * * *".
Step 2 live water
Running water can often cause people to sigh over the passage of time, long sadness and historical changes. "When will all rivers enter the sea and go to the West?" (Poems of Yuefu)? The poem of harmony) poets feel that time flies when they see running water; But since the water is still flowing, even though we cut it with a sword, raising our glasses to eliminate our worries is even more worrying (Li Bai), "How much sorrow can you have, just like a river flowing eastward" (Li Yu The Mermaid) The continuous flow of water gives people helplessness; "The old country is surrounded by mountains, and the tide hits the empty city and returns to loneliness" (Liu Yuxi's Stone City). The running water recedes silently with a chill, giving people a sense of sadness that the old country is depressed and life is bleak.
Dusk and sunset.
Sentimental sentiment: Li Qingzhao's "Sound Slow" "Indus raining, dripping at dusk. This time, how can we lose a sad word? " The evening is so cold that the poet is naturally lonely and sad. This kind of dusk sadness is often manifested in sad scenes such as parting, lovesickness, and always being in the heart, such as "drinking at dusk in Dongli, with faint fragrance all over the sleeves" (Li Qingzhao
The life in his later years sighed: "It is dusk alone, and it is stormy." (Lu You is the operator? Yongmei ")
The sad moral of mourning the past is: "The west wind still shines, and the Han family is lost." (Li Bai's "Recalling Qin E")
4. It is rainy and smoky in Mao Mao.
The drizzle is boundless, supporting the poet's boundless melancholy and depressed mood. "The drizzle is as fine as sorrow" (Qin Guan), the drizzle is continuous and the sorrow is also pervasive. "But I look home, the twilight is deep, and there is a sad mist on the river waves" (Cui Hao) can't go home, or run away from home, and I don't know where their home is. The rising smoke makes people feel a lot of melancholy.
Fourth, seasonal festivals.
1. Mid-Autumn Festival
August 15 is a festival for the whole family to enjoy the moon, so most people miss their loved ones on this day. For example, Tang's "Looking at the Bright Moon at Fifteen Nights": "Tonight, people in white look forward to the bright moon. I wonder whose home Qiu Si will be? "
2. Chongyang
On the ninth day of September, the ancients took nine as the sun in shuyun. On the Double Ninth Festival, the ancients had the custom of climbing and drinking. For example, Du Fu wrote in "Nine Days": "Drink a glass of wine alone on the Double Ninth Festival and go to the riverside stage when you are sick."
3. Cold food
Tomb-Sweeping Day banned fire for three days the day before, and every household was smoke-free, which was related to cold, unhappiness and depression. For example, "You are not allowed to make a fire in the rain, and Yinger sits and listens alone on the river" (Tang Wei Wu Ying's "Cold Food Sent to Beijing Brothers")
4. Qingming
The name of the March solar term is also the day to worship ancestors and sweep graves. For example, Du Mu's "Tomb-Sweeping Day" said: "It rains a lot during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road want to die."
5. Vegetation
Use the prosperity of vegetation to set off desolation and express ups and downs. For example, "after ten miles of spring breeze, wheat is green." (Jiang Kui's Slow Yangzhou) "Spring grass is dyed, birds are singing and leaves are happy" (Du Fu's Book of Letters) "Weeds are blooming by Suzaku Bridge, and the sun is setting at Wuyi Lane." (rachel
V. Specific location category
Changting 1
In ancient times, there were pavilions on the roadside for travelers to stop to rest or see off. At that time, there were long pavilions in Shili and short pavilions in Wuli. "Long Ting" is an image with feelings of parting. Li Bai's Bodhisattva Man: "Where is the return journey, the pavilion is shorter." Wrote a sad scene in which people hope that the low pavilion will not return. Wang Shifu's The West Chamber also expresses the sadness of parting.
2. Nanpu
Nanpu is often seen in farewell poems of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and it is full of feelings of parting and does not hate. Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs" contains a famous sentence "Send a beautiful woman to Nanpu". Fan Chengda's "Hengtang" also contains: "Nanpu is green in spring, and the stone bridge tower is still there."
3. Nanshan
Represents a secluded place. Tao Yuanming's "Returning to the Garden" contains "beans are planted in the south mountain, and the grass is flourishing and the bean seedlings are scarce", and there is "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing the south mountain leisurely" in drinking. Most of the images in ancient poems have relatively fixed meanings. Grasping these meanings is very beneficial for us to understand the ideological content of poetry and answer the question of poetry appreciation correctly.
Examples of common image meanings in ancient poetry
Gong yongjun
Most of the images in ancient poems have relatively fixed meanings. Grasping these meanings is very beneficial for us to understand the ideological content of poetry and answer the question of poetry appreciation correctly.
I. Animals
1, cicada
Feeling the life experience and telling the sadness: "Chanting cicadas" by King Robin in the Tang Dynasty: "The cicadas in the west sing, and the guests in the south crown think deeply. I can't stand the shadow of a mysterious temple to break the heart of a white-haired prisoner. His flight is heavy through the fog, and his pure voice is drowned in the wind world. Who knows if he is still singing? Who will listen to me? ? "Singing silently in prison, expressing your deep homesickness, every sentence can find the shadow of the poet's injustice and self-confidence.
Parting is painful, but the long journey is: Song's "The Sound of Rain" says: "Cold cicadas are sad, it's late for Changting, and the shower begins to rest." Before describing the parting directly, an atmosphere was brewed that could touch the parting. Tang's "Late Cicada" said: "Deep in the high willows, you can feel lonely and sad about the past. You are afraid of the traveler's head. "
2. Hongyan
Hongyan is a migratory bird. Every autumn, it moves south, which often leads to homesickness and sadness for wanderers when traveling. For example, Tang's "Smelling the flute on a Spring Night" says: "Wild geese spend the night in Dongting, so don't wait until dawn to fly north." There are also letters that mention Hongyan, such as "The geese cross without answering me, and the river is full of autumn water" (Du Fu's "To Li Bai at the End of the Day").
3. Rhododendron
Rhododendron, also known as azalea and nightingale, is a sad cry, which is often associated with sadness and homesickness in classical poetry. "The lonely pavilion is closed in the cold spring, and the sunset falls on the cuckoo sound." In Qin Guan's ci, the sadness of the lonely pavilion is rendered, and the poet's sadness and homesickness are conveyed. "Saint Zhuangzi daydreaming, bewitched by butterflies, emperors are in love, cuckoos crow", and Li Shangyin's poems express his earnest thoughts through cuckoos. "What can you hear here in the morning and evening? .
4. partridge
The singing of partridge makes people sound like "I can't live without my brother", which is very easy to evoke the association of hard journey and full of feelings of parting. For example, "the river is worried at night, and the partridges are heard at the foot of the mountain" (Xin Qiji, "Bodhisattva Man? Book Jiangxi stoma wall "); Maid-in-waiting seems to be full of spring palace, and now there are only partridges flying "(Li Bai's Visit to Yue Gu). Here it also acts as a symbol of the scene of decline, and its sad cry often indicates sadness and decline.
5. Orioles
Being good at singing is a symbol of spring. "Thousands of miles of Ti Ying are green and red, and the water town is full of wine flags" (Du Mu's "Jiangnan Spring"), and Du Mu wrote the beautiful spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River with an oriole; "A few early warblers compete for warm trees, whose new swallow pecks at the spring mud" (Bai Juyi's "Spring Tour in Qiantang"), Bai Juyi uses orioles to sing and swallows fly lightly to illustrate the arrival of spring.
Second, plants
Liu 1
"Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic, and folding Liu means leaving each other. Therefore, the ancients had the custom of folding willows to bid farewell, so "willow" means to be sad and leave. Xiaoya? Cai Wei: "Before, I passed away. Now think about it, it's raining again." In Liu Yong's Yulin Ridge, "Where does Yang Liuan wake up tonight? The breeze is fading" expresses the sadness of parting. Li Bai said in "Recalling Qin E": "Qin Louyue, willow leaves every year, Baling died." It also expresses the sadness of parting.
2. Education and Industrial Mathematics (short for Mathematics in Education and Industry)
"Mei" has the characteristics of "cold tolerance", which poets use to express their aloof and unharmonious character. Lu You's "Yongmei" says: "Scattered into mud, crushed into dust, but the fragrance remains unchanged." And Wang Mian's "Mo Mei" said: "Don't praise lewdness, just leave your breath full of dry Kun." Both reflect their unwillingness to go with the flow. Plum blossoms are in full bloom.
3. Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum, the flower of Ao Shuang, has a strong character and noble temperament. Qu Yuan's Lisao says, "Drink Mulan in the morning, and autumn chrysanthemum will fall at dusk." The poet symbolizes his noble character by drinking dew and eating flowers. In the Tang Dynasty, Yuan Zhen's Chrysanthemum said, "Autumn flowers are like Taoist priests, slanting around the fence. It is not that flowers prefer chrysanthemums, but that this kind of flower is more barren.
4. Lotus
"Lotus" and "pity" are the same, and poetry expresses love. For example, the "Song of Xizhou" written by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties: "In autumn, lotus flowers are picked in the southern pond, and the lotus flowers are over the head; Bow your head, lotus seeds are as green as water. " "Lotus seed" means "Reiko Kobayakawa" and "green" means "green". What is written here is both true and empty, meaning pun intended. The rhetorical device of homophonic pun is used to express a woman's deep yearning for the man she loves and the purity of love.
5. Indus River
Indus is a symbol of desolation and sadness. Rain at night: "The phoenix tree leaves with a sound of autumn, and the banana is a little bit sad. After the third night, the dream comes back." With the falling of buttonwood leaves and the rain hitting the banana, write all your thoughts. Others, such as "a leaf makes a sound, and the empty steps drip to the light" (More Leaking in the Tang Dynasty), "The phoenix tree is raining until dusk, bit by bit" (Li Qingzhao
6. Cao Fang
Taking fragrant grass as a metaphor for leaving hate, Li Yu's "Qingpingle" says: "Leaving hate is like spring grass, and it is born farther away." People can see that leaving love is endless, and the infinity of grass reflects the pervasion and recovery of love.
With the metaphor of grass, we think: "If there are few bosom friends, where can we find grass in the world" (Zhu Dunru's "Pride of Fisherman"), "Where can there be grass in the world" (Su Shi's "butterfly lovers"), not to mention that grass is a bosom friend.
Time flies, life is short and time is precious, all of which are caused by the recurrence of fragrant grass every year. "Poor spring doing nothing, it is rain or shine. There are even clouds in Jiangnan and Jiangbei. Where can I find fragrant grass? " (Zhu Dunru's A Lost Rope) To cherish the grass is to cherish life.
Third, natural phenomena.
1, Mingyue
The bright moon contains homesickness, such as "there are 300,000 people in the village, and I will look back at the bright moon for a while" (Tang? Li Yi's "Joining the Army in the North") can't help but miss home; "Looking up, it turned out to be moonlight and sank back, suddenly thinking of home" (Tang? Li Bai's "Silent Night Thinking") is extremely sentimental about longing for the moon; "The small building was easterly last night, and the old country was unbearable to look back at the middle of the month" (South Tang? Li Yu's The Mermaid shows the special pain of a monarch's national subjugation. The bright moon is the emotional sustenance, such as Zhang Jiuling's hope and yearning that "the moon is now full of the sea, and the horizon at this time is * * *".
Step 2 live water
Running water can often cause people to sigh over the passage of time, long sadness and historical changes. "When will all rivers enter the sea and go to the West?" (Poems of Yuefu)? The poem of harmony) poets feel that time flies when they see running water; But since the water is still flowing, even though we cut it with a sword, raising our glasses to eliminate our worries is even more worrying (Li Bai), "How much sorrow can you have, just like a river flowing eastward" (Li Yu The Mermaid) The continuous flow of water gives people helplessness; "The old country is surrounded by mountains, and the tide hits the empty city and returns to loneliness" (Liu Yuxi's Stone City). The running water recedes silently with a chill, giving people a sense of sadness that the old country is depressed and life is bleak.
Dusk and sunset.
Sentimental sentiment: Li Qingzhao's "Sound Slow" "Indus raining, dripping at dusk. This time, how can we lose a sad word? " The evening is so cold that the poet is naturally lonely and sad. This kind of dusk sadness is often manifested in sad scenes such as parting, lovesickness, and always being in the heart, such as "drinking at dusk in Dongli, with faint fragrance all over the sleeves" (Li Qingzhao
The life in his later years sighed: "It is dusk alone, and it is stormy." (Lu You is the operator? Yongmei ")
The sad moral of mourning the past is: "The west wind still shines, and the Han family is lost." (Li Bai's "Recalling Qin E")
4. It is rainy and smoky in Mao Mao.
The drizzle is boundless, supporting the poet's boundless melancholy and depressed mood. "The drizzle is as fine as sorrow" (Qin Guan), the drizzle is continuous and the sorrow is also pervasive. "But I look home, the twilight is deep, and there is a sad mist on the river waves" (Cui Hao) can't go home, or run away from home, and I don't know where their home is. The rising smoke makes people feel a lot of melancholy.
Fourth, seasonal festivals.
1. Mid-Autumn Festival
August 15 is a festival for the whole family to enjoy the moon, so most people miss their loved ones on this day. For example, Tang's "Looking at the Bright Moon at Fifteen Nights": "Tonight, people in white look forward to the bright moon. I wonder whose home Qiu Si will be? "
2. Chongyang
On the ninth day of September, the ancients took nine as the sun in shuyun. On the Double Ninth Festival, the ancients had the custom of climbing and drinking. For example, Du Fu wrote in "Nine Days": "Drink a glass of wine alone on the Double Ninth Festival and go to the riverside stage when you are sick."
3. Cold food
Tomb-Sweeping Day banned fire for three days the day before, and every household was smoke-free, which was related to cold, unhappiness and depression. For example, "You are not allowed to make a fire in the rain, and Yinger sits and listens alone on the river" (Tang Wei Wu Ying's "Cold Food Sent to Beijing Brothers")
4. Qingming
The name of the March solar term is also the day to worship ancestors and sweep graves. For example, Du Mu's "Tomb-Sweeping Day" said: "It rains a lot during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road want to die."
5. Vegetation
Use the prosperity of vegetation to set off desolation and express ups and downs. For example, "after ten miles of spring breeze, wheat is green." (Jiang Kui's Slow Yangzhou) "Spring grass is dyed, birds are singing and leaves are happy" (Du Fu's Book of Letters) "Weeds are blooming by Suzaku Bridge, and the sun is setting at Wuyi Lane." (rachel
V. Specific location category
Changting 1
In ancient times, there were pavilions on the roadside for travelers to stop to rest or see off. At that time, there were long pavilions in Shili and short pavilions in Wuli. "Long Ting" is an image with feelings of parting. Li Bai's Bodhisattva Man: "Where is the return journey, the pavilion is shorter." Wrote a sad scene in which people hope that the low pavilion will not return. Wang Shifu's The West Chamber also expresses the sadness of parting.
2. Nanpu
Nanpu is often seen in farewell poems of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and it is full of feelings of parting and does not hate. Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs" contains a famous sentence "Send a beautiful woman to Nanpu". Fan Chengda's "Hengtang" also contains: "Nanpu is green in spring, and the stone bridge tower is still there."
3. Nanshan
Represents a secluded place. In Tao Yuanming's "Returning to the Garden", there are "beans planted in the south mountain, and the grass is full of bean seedlings", and there are "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing the south mountain leisurely" in drinking.