Eighteen Beats of Hujia
Edit this paragraph of a long erotic narrative poem
(1) Introduction
"Eighteen Beats of Hujia" is A 1,297-word Sao style narrative poem, originally published in Volume 59 of Guo Maoqian's "Collection of Yuefu Poems" of the Song Dynasty and Volume 3 of Zhu Xi's "Afterwords of Chu Ci". Both books have slightly different texts. There is considerable academic controversy over whether this poem was written by Cai Wenji.
Cai Wenji's "Poetry of Sorrow and Indignation" is a five-character narrative with 108 lines. The academic community has a relatively consistent view on this poem. It is generally believed to be written by Cai Wenji, but some scholars believe it is a folk work. .
(2) Text
When I was born, I did nothing, but after I was born, Han Zuo declined. The heaven is unkind and brings chaos and separation, the earth is unkind and brings me to this moment. The roads are dangerous when fighting, and the people are in exile, and the country is sad. The smoke and dust cover the fields, barbarians are abundant, and the will and integrity are at a loss. It is not appropriate for me to deal with the secular world. Who should I sue if I suffer humiliation? The zither plays for a while, the harp plays, and no one knows the resentment in my heart.
Rong Jie forced me to become a family member and led me to the end of the world. Thousands of clouds and mountains are on my way home, and the wind is blowing thousands of miles away, and the dust and sand are flying. When there are many people, they are violent and fierce like adder; when they control strings and are covered with armor, they are arrogant and extravagant. The two beats are stretched, the strings are broken, the ambition is broken, the heart is broken, and I feel sad.
Crossing the Han Kingdom and entering Hu City, losing one’s family and one’s virginity would be worse than living without one. The felt fur is used as clothing and my flesh and bones are shocked, and the odor is used to restrain my feelings in vain. The sound of drums and drums has been rising since the night, and the roaring wind has made the camp dark. The sad feeling of Jin Xi was made three times, and when will the sadness and hatred of Xi Xi be calmed down.
There is no day or night when I don’t think about my hometown. I am the most miserable when my temperament and energy are combined. The natural disaster country is divided into chaos and has no owner, but I am miserable and have no soldiers or prisoners. The world is different, the mind is different, the body is in trouble, the desires are different, who can talk to him! There are many difficulties and obstacles in thinking and going through it, and it becomes more and more miserable when the four shots are completed.
The geese marching to the south want to send a side message, and the geese returning to the north want to win the Han Qing. The wild geese fly high and are hard to find, and I feel empty and heartbroken, thinking about it. I raise my eyebrows towards the moon and caress the elegant harp, and the five beats are lulling and the meaning is profound.
The body is bitterly cold due to the biting frost, and I am hungry and cannot eat meat and cheese. At night, the sound of the Long River is whimpering, and the road toward the Great Wall is full of apricots. Reminiscing about the past, it is difficult to carry luggage, and the six beats are sad and I want to stop playing.
At dusk, the wind makes sad sounds everywhere, I don’t know who the sad heart is talking to! The wilderness is desolate and the beacons are garrisoned for thousands of miles. The old and weak are vulgar and the young and strong are beautiful. Wherever there are water and grass, homes and fortresses are built, and the fields are full of cattle and sheep, gathering like bees and ants. The grass has dried up and the water has dried up, the sheep and horses have all moved away, and Qipai Liu hates living here.
If God has eyes, why not see me drifting alone? If God has a spirit, why should I be so far away from home? I don't live up to the sky. How can the sky be worthy of me? If I don't live up to God's will, why will God punish me by crossing the deserted state? I made eight beats here to relieve worries, but I didn't know that when the song was completed, my heart turned to worry.
The sky is boundless and the earth is boundless, and my heart is full of sorrow. Life is fleeting, like the passing of a white horse, but I will not be happy until I am in my prime. I am resentful and want to ask the sky, but the sky is blue and there is no chance. Raising your head and looking up at the clouds and smoke in the sky, who can pass on this sentiment?
The beacon fire on the city wall has never been extinguished. When will the battle on the battlefield stop? Murderous aura rushes towards the door, and Hu Feng blows the moon every night. There is no sound across the distance from my hometown, and I am crying in silence and I am dying. A life of hard work brings separation, and deep sorrow brings tears of blood.
I don’t want to eat life but hate death. I can’t sacrifice my body because my heart is full. If you are still alive, you still hope to return to your hometown. If you die, your bones will be buried for a long time. The sun lives in the moon, Zhu Xi lives in the army base, and the barbarians dote on me. I have two sons. If you cultivate it without shame, you will grow up with contempt. There are ten beats, and the sound of mourning is lingering and piercing the heart.
The east wind is blowing and there is a lot of heat. I know it is the emperor of Han Dynasty who is coming to Buyanghe. The Qiang and the barbarians are dancing and singing, and the two countries are having fun and are not fighting. Suddenly I met an envoy from the Han Dynasty and called me Jinzhao. He left me a thousand gold coins to redeem my concubine. I am happy to be alive and meet the star king, but I say goodbye to my childishness and will be without a country. Ten times out of ten, there are both sorrow and joy, but it is difficult to describe the two emotions.
It doesn’t matter that I have to live a long life, but I have to return home, caress my beard and put my clothes on it. The envoys of the Han Dynasty came to welcome me, and who knew the number of Hu'er? At this time of my life and death, I am worried about being a son and the sun will not shine. How can I have wings to bring you back? One step at a time, it's hard to move, the soul disappears and the shadow is gone, the love is left behind. Three times out of ten, the beat of the strings is urgent and sad, and the liver and intestines are stirred and stabbed. I don't know.
When I return home, I don’t want my children to follow me, and my heart is hung up as if I’m hungry. All things in the four seasons have their ups and downs, but my sorrow will not change for a while. The mountains are high and vast, so I can't wait to see you. Even late at night, I dream of you. When I hold my hand in the dream, I am happy and sad, and when I feel it, my heart aches and there is no rest. Four times out of ten, tears will fall down and the river will flow eastward, and my heart will be full of thoughts.
Fifteen beats, the rhythm is fast, and the breath fills the chest. Who knows the music? The place is in the dome of the hut and there are special customs. I am willing to come back, God will follow my desires, and I will be happy and contented to return to the Han Dynasty. My heart is pregnant but my sorrow becomes deeper. The sun and moon are selfless but never come. It’s no wonder that mother and son are separated. They are in the same sky and separated by the distance like ginseng. If we don’t know each other about life and death, where can we find them?
At sixteen, my thoughts were confused, and my son and I were on separate sides. The sun in the east and the moon in the west look at each other, but we cannot follow each other. We are empty and heartbroken. I will never forget my worries about the camp grass, but my love will be hurt when I play the piano! Farewell now, I return to my hometown. Old grievances are settled, but new grievances are growing! Weeping blood, I raise my head and complain to the sky, Hu Weisheng is the only one who suffers from this disaster!
Seventeen beats make my heart and nose sad, and the mountains block the repairs and it is difficult to travel. When I left, I felt homely and careless, and when I came back, I was filled with thoughts of farewell. Stuffed with dried leaves and branches of yellow annua, the bones of the battlefield are covered with scars from swords and arrows. The wind and frost are biting and the spring and summer are cold. The people and horses are hungry and their muscles are weak. Little did he know that when he entered Chang'an again, he sighed and burst into tears.
The original version of Hujia comes from Huzhong, and the melody is the same when translated by Yuanqin. Although the song ends in eighteen beats, the sound is lingering and the thoughts are endless.
This is how we know that silk and bamboo are delicate and all the work of nature. Sorrows and joys are all according to people's hearts. If they change, they will be normal. Hu and Han are in different lands and have different winds. The sky and the earth are separated by the west and the east. My bitterness and resentment are as vast as the sky. Although the heaven and earth are vast, I cannot tolerate them!
(3) Appreciation
"Eighteen Beats of Hujia" is a touching and eternal masterpiece, and its author is Cai Wenji. When appreciating this poem, do not read it as ordinary written literature, but think of Cai Wenji, an unfortunate woman, playing and singing to herself, and the sound of the piano is flowing with her thoughts. With the sound of piano and singing, we seemed to see her walking on a long road paved with humiliation and pain...
She began to appear against the background of the great turmoil of the times, and clicked " The background of "Chaoli": the barbarians are strong, wars are all over the country, and the people are in exile. At the end of the Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos. Eunuchs, relatives, and warlords took control of the government one after another. Peasant uprisings, warlords' melees, and foreign invasions continued one after another. Poems written in the late Han Dynasty include "The armor is alive with lice, and all the surnames are dead. The bones are exposed in the wild, and there are no roosters for thousands of miles." etc. are all true portrayals of the turmoil at that time. Cai Wenji was plundered and carried away to the west by Hu Qi during the chaos of war.
Being kidnapped was the beginning and the source of her painful life. Therefore, the second beat of the poem is dedicated to describing her situation during her captivity. In the tenth beat, she uses the phrase "a life of hard work". "Fate separated," indicates that the unhappiness in life stems from being taken into captivity. During the twelve years when she was forced to stay in the southern Xiongnu, she suffered tremendous pain in life and spirit. The nature of Hu Di is harsh: "the wind is vast", "the frost is biting", "the wilderness is depressed", and "the flowing water is whimpering". The exotic life is incompatible with her. Wearing clothes made of fur makes my heart skip a beat: "The felt fur is the clothing, and my bones and flesh are shocked." Feeding on meat and milk, the fishy smell is unpleasant, and I can't swallow it. , migrate in search of water and grass, and live in temporary shacks built with straw rafts and dried cattle and sheep dung. When they are excited, they play drums and dance, singing and dancing, all night long. In short, she could neither adapt to the harsh natural environment of the Hu land nor endure the living habits of the Hu people who were very different from the Han people. Therefore, she sang about the pain of "the world is different, the heart is different, the body is in trouble, the tastes are different, who can talk to me" What made her most miserable was the mental aspect.
Mentally, she suffered double humiliation: as a Han, she became a captive of the Hu people; as a woman, she was forced to marry the Hu people. The connotation of the so-called "good will and integrity" in the first shot refers to this double humiliation. When she was suffering both physically and mentally, missing her motherland and wanting to return home became the most important spiritual force that supported her to live strong. The main content from the second to the eleventh shot is to write about her homesickness. The fourth beat is "Never mind my homeland day and night", the tenth beat is "My hometown is so far away from the sound of dust, I cry silently and I will lose my breath", the eleventh beat is "I still hope to be alive and I will return home." ” are all touching words that directly express nostalgia. The most touching expression of nostalgia is the fifth beat. In this shot, Cai Wenji used her persistent and deep feelings to carve out a distant and profound scene: in autumn, she looked up to Lan Yao, expecting the geese flying south to carry her thoughts from the border; in spring, she looked up at the clouds, hoping The geese returning from the north bring news of their homeland. But the wild geese flew away from the factory so high that they were hard to find. She couldn't help but feel heartbroken and in ecstasy... In the eleventh shot, she revealed her inner secret of enduring humiliation and living an ignoble life: "I am not greedy for life but hate death. I can't sacrifice my life because I have my heart. I still hope for success in life and return to my hometown, but I will bury my bones until I die." "Finally, after twelve long years, her long-cherished wish to return home was fulfilled. "Suddenly she met an envoy from the Han Dynasty and called me Jinzhao, and sent me a thousand gold coins to redeem my concubine." But the joy was fleeting. At the same time, a new cloud of sadness came to her mind. She thought that the day she survived was also the day she said goodbye to her two biological sons. It is said in the twelfth shot: "I am so happy to be alive when I meet the Holy King, and I say goodbye to the childishness for no reason. There are two shots out of ten where the joy and sorrow are equal, and it is difficult to express the two feelings when they are gone." This is exactly the reason for this ambivalence. Be frank. From the 13th shot onwards, Cai Wenji switched to the description of being unable to bear to be separated from her son. She swallowed every word she spoke and felt deep in her bones. The thirteenth shot is about farewell, and the fourteenth shot is about thinking about a child's dream, "Caressing Hu Ji, the clothes are wet under the seat. ... One step is far, one foot is difficult to move, and the soul is so ecstasy, the love is moving", "Mountain The high ground is so vast that I can't wait to see you, and I dream about you in the middle of the night. In my dream, I hold my hand and feel happy and sad, and when I feel it, my heart aches and never rests. "It's so touching and touching. Fan Shiwen of the Song Dynasty said this in "Night Talk to the Bed": "This is about to return to the other side. At that time, I experienced the pain, and the words spoke to my heart. I am resentful and angry, and I think about it with sadness, and it will remain as new for thousands of years; I will use the holy pen of the scriptures to write it. I can't bear to delete it." Cai Wenji's feelings and pain of separation have always accompanied her when she left Hu Di and returned to Chang'an. The humiliating life is over, but a new misfortune: the pain of missing parents and children has just begun. "Hu and Han are in a foreign land with special winds, and the sky and the earth are separated by the west and the east. The bitterness and resentment of me are vast in the sky. Although the six rivers are vast, they cannot bear it." The whole poem is here where emotions surge like a frenzy. The song ends, completing Cai Wenji's tragic life journey of complaining to heaven.
"Eighteen Beats of Hujia" not only reflects Cai Wenji's bad luck, but also reflects her talent. "Eighteen Beats of Hujia" has a strong subjective lyrical color in the creation of the protagonist, Cai Wenji's own artistic image. This is also true in the narrative. It is about being exiled to the west, giving birth to two sons in the Hu land, and leaving the son to return to the country. When I return to Chang'an, I sing and sigh with deep feeling. For example, when he was exiled to the west, he wrote: "Thousands of clouds and mountains came upon me on the way back, and a strong wind blew thousands of miles away, blowing up dust and sand.
"To be violent in numbers is like a wild snake; to control strings and armor is to be arrogant and extravagant." Cai Wenji's clear feelings of love and hatred are revealed everywhere - the "Yunshan" sentence is connected with the thoughts of her homeland, and the "Blast" sentence is about the pain of the road. The strong subjective lyricism is mainly reflected in the suddenness of emotional expression. Cai Wenji's emotions often come and go suddenly, fluctuating and changing, which is incredible. As the saying goes, "Thinking has no location". , Rebuilding Yaochi, and the poem points the finger directly at heaven and God: "Heaven is unkind and brings chaos, and earth is unkind in bringing me to this time." "If God has eyes, why don't you see me drifting alone?" Why should I be at the northern end of the sea and the southern end of the sky for the sake of God? I don't live up to the sky. How can the sky be worthy of me? If I don't live up to God's will, why will God punish me by crossing the deserted state? "Sending heaven and god to the dock reflects Cai Wenji's mood of "the sky is endless and the earth is boundless, and my heart is filled with sadness," and "my bitterness and resentment are as vast as the sky."
The artistic value of "Eighteen Beats of Hujia" is very high. Lu Shiyong, a man from the Ming Dynasty, said in "A General Theory of Poetry Mirror": "Tokyo style is declining, but Cai Wenji is talented and heroic. Reading "Hujia Yin" can make people sit up and shake, and the sand and gravel fly away. It is really a warm embrace. "
The high artistic value of "Eighteen Beats of Hujia" is related to Cai Wenji's talent. Cai Wenji's talent is caused by her family background and social background.
(IV) ) Author
Cai Yan (approximately 177-?): Cai Wenji, a famous qin player in the late Han Dynasty. History books say that she was "erudite and talented in discernment, and she was also good at music." "Father Cai Yong is a close friend of Cao Cao. Cai Wenji's name is Yan, also known as Wenji and Mingji. Her father is the famous scholar Cai Yong.
Cai Yong is Cai Bojie. There is a play " The libretto of "Pipa Ji" tells that after Cai was afraid that he would not recognize his wife Zhao Wuniang after he won the first prize, he would not marry the daughter of the prime minister. It can be said that it was a thick accusation against the ancients. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was no such thing as the first prize and there was no such thing as not marrying the daughter of the prime minister. In this regard, Lu You of the Southern Song Dynasty once lamented about him and said: "Who cares about what is going on behind the scenes? I can listen to Cai Zhonglang singing from across the village. ”
It is impossible for Cai Yong to win the first prize, but it is a fact that his talents and learning were universally recognized at that time. During the reign of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty, he revised Dongguan's books and found that there were many errors in the classics, so he revised and wrote them It was engraved on a stone tablet and stood outside the university. The later generations of students at that time used this stone scripture to correct the scriptures and read Mo's writings every day. These stone tablets were damaged in the turmoil and the fire of Luoyang and passed through for thousands of years. More than 800 years ago, farmers in the suburbs of Luoyang dug up several stones with writings on them while plowing their fields. They were identified as Cai Yong's handwriting and were called "Xiping Stone Scripture". They are now treasured in the history museum. /p>
Cai Yong was a great writer and calligrapher. Emperor Wu of Liang said of him: “Cai Yong’s calligraphy is as insightful and refreshing as if it has divine power. "Contemporary historian Fan Wenlan said: "The art of writing in the Han Dynasty reached its highest level when Cai Yong wrote the Stone Classics. "His handwriting is neat but not rigid, quiet and lively. In addition to "Jiaping Stone Classic", it is said that "Cao'e Stele" was also written by him. The composition is natural, the writing is vigorous, the knots are ups and downs, and there is no need to be beautiful. The meaning is simple and innocent.
In addition, Cai Yong was also good at astronomy and mathematics, and he was a leader in the literary world in Luoyang, such as Yang Ci, Yucan and Ma Yuebei. Later, Cao Cao, who was both civil and military, and eventually became a powerful ruler, often visited Cai's house and asked Cai Yong for advice.
Cai Wenji was born in such a family, and she was erudite and good at writing. It is very natural to combine poetry and eloquence with music. It can be said that Cai Wenji had a happy childhood. Unfortunately, changes in the current situation interrupted this happiness.
Cai Wenji married Wei when she was 16 years old. Zhongdao, the Wei family was a noble family in Hedong at that time, and Wei Zhongdao was an outstanding university student. The couple was very loving. Unfortunately, the good times did not last long. Within a year, Wei Zhongdao died of hemoptysis without giving birth to a son or a daughter. However, the Wei family suspected that she had killed her husband. The arrogant Cai Wenji ignored her father's opposition and returned to her parents' home. Later, her father died in prison, and Wenji was kidnapped by the Huns. She was only twenty this year. At the age of three, she was adopted as a princess by King Zuo Xian. She lived in the southern Huns for 12 years and had two sons. During this period, she also learned to play "Hujia" and some foreign languages ??
In the 13th year of Jian'an (208). Years) Cao Cao was grateful for his friendship with his good friend Cai Yong. When he learned that Wen Ji was living in the southern Huns, he immediately sent Zhou Jin as an envoy with a thousand taels of gold and a pair of white jade to redeem her back. This year she was thirty-five years old. Under the arrangement, she married Tian Xiaowei Dong Si, and the famous "Battle of Chibi" broke out in this year. "
When Cai Wenji married Dong Si, the couple's life was not very harmonious at first. Cai Wenji suffered from separation and sorrow, and was often in a trance; while Dong Si was in his prime, and was born with a talented person who was familiar with history, music, and self-esteem. She was very tall, so she naturally felt a little inadequate towards Cai Wenji, but due to the instructions of the prime minister, she had to accept her. In the second year after their marriage, Dong Si committed a crime and deserved death. The Prime Minister's Office begged for mercy. Cao Cao thought of his past friendship with Cai Yong and thought of Cai Wenji's tragic life experience. If Dong Si was executed, Wenji would be unable to survive, so he forgave Dong Si.
From then on, Dong Si was spared. The priest was grateful for his wife's kindness and re-evaluated Cai Wenji. The couple also saw through the world and went up the Luoshui River to live in the foothills of the beautiful scenery and lush forests. Several years later, Cao Cao passed by here while hunting and visited Cai Wenji. He had a son and a daughter with Dong Si, and the daughter married Sima Yi's son Sima Shi.
Wenji married three times in her life, and her fate was bumpy. Ding Xie described her marriage in "Cai Bojie's Ode to Women":
The daughter of Yi Dazong was naturally blessed by the gods. ;
On the twenty-eighth day of the Chinese year, I wear Deng Lin’s fresh look.
The six columns of the Ming Dynasty are still noble, and they obey the language of women's history;
Only after participating in the clear instructions of the court can one understand clearly and understand the clouds.
On the lunar month of the third spring, the time will return to the sky;
Drag the light clothes of Danluo, and wear the golden and green pearls.
I envy the prosperity and prosperity of the place, but lament that the frost and frost have multiplied;
How can we expect to grow old together, and we will be happy for the rest of the years.
Wenji is knowledgeable and talented, and her musical talent has been outstanding since she was a child. When she was 6 years old, she heard her father playing the piano in the hall, and she heard the sound of her father breaking the first string through the wall. His father was surprised and deliberately broke the fourth string, but she pointed it out again. When she grew up, she became a musical genius. She missed her homeland day and night in the Hu region. After returning to the Han Dynasty, she referred to the tones of the Hu people and combined it with her own tragic experience to compose the sad and melancholy music "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia". "Poetry" is the first autobiographical five-character narrative poem in the history of Chinese poetry (of course some people think it is a forgery).
According to legend, when Cai Wenji was interceding for Dong Si, Cao Cao saw that Cai Wenji was bareheaded in the severe winter, and he couldn't bear it. He ordered someone to take a turban, shoes and socks to put on for her, so that she could wear them. Before Dong Si returned, he stayed in his own home. In a casual conversation, Cao Cao expressed his envy of the original collection of books in Cai Wenji's home. When Cai Wenji told him that all the 4,000 volumes of books stored in his home had been lost after several wars, Cao Cao expressed deep disappointment. When he heard that Cai Wenji could recite 400 volumes, he was overjoyed, so Cai Wenji wrote them from memory. Four hundred articles were published, all of which were error-free, which shows Cai Wenji's high talent.
Edit this paragraph One of the top ten famous songs in ancient China
During the chaos of the late Han Dynasty and successive years of war, Cai Wenji was captured by the Huns while fleeing and lived outside the Great Wall. Later, she married King Zuo Xian. Gave birth to two children. She spent twelve years outside the Great Wall, but she missed her hometown all the time. Cao Cao pacified the Central Plains, reconciled with the Xiongnu, and sent envoys to redeem Wenji with a large sum of money, so she wrote the famous long poem "Eighteen Beats of Hujia", narrating the unfortunate experiences of her life. Among the qin songs there are versions of "Big Hu Jia", "Xiao Hu Jia", "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia" and other qin songs. Although the tunes are different, they all reflect Cai Wenji's extremely contradictory and painful mood of missing her hometown but not being able to bear the separation of her flesh and blood. The music is euphemistically sad and tearful.
"Eighteen Beats of Hujie" is an ancient Yuefu Qin music lyrics, one chapter is a beat, and there are eighteen chapters, so it has this name, reflecting the theme of "Wen Ji returns to the Han Dynasty". During the war at the end of the Han Dynasty, Cai Wenji lived in the southern Xiongnu for twelve years. As the wife of King Zuoxian, she missed her hometown very much. When Cao Cao sent someone to take her back to the mainland, she had to leave her two children and return home. The joy of hometown was overwhelmed by the pain of parting from flesh and blood, and the mood was very contradictory.
Guqin music, said to be composed by Cai Wenji, is a vocal suite of 18 songs, accompanied by guqin. "Pai" means "Shou" in Turkic language, so it is named "Hujia" because the sound of the piano blends with the mournful sound of Hujia. It expresses Wenji's homesickness, Ion's sadness and awe-inspiring resentment. Nowadays, Qin music is the most widely circulated.
During the chaos and years of war at the end of the Han Dynasty, Cai Wenji was kidnapped by the Huns during their escape and lived outside the Great Wall. Later, she married King Zuo Xian and gave birth to two children. She spent twelve years outside the Great Wall, but she missed her hometown all the time. Cao X pacified the Central Plains, reconciled with the Huns, and sent envoy Xie Lu to redeem Wen Ji with a large sum of money, so she wrote the famous long poem "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia", describing the unfortunate experiences of her life. Among the qin songs there are versions of "Big Hu Jia", "Xiao Hu Jia", "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia" and other qin songs. Although the tunes are different, they all reflect Cai Wenxie's extremely contradictory and painful mood of missing his hometown but not being able to bear the separation of his flesh and blood. The music is euphemistically sad and tearful.
Huang Tinglan, a qin player in the Tang Dynasty, is famous for his skill in playing this piece. Li Qi's poem "Listening to Dong Da Playing the Hujia" contains: "Cai Nu used to make the sound of the Hujia, and every time she played the Hujia, there were eighteen beats. The Hu people shed tears and touched the grass, and the Han envoys returned heartbroken to the guests." In the Qin music, the text Ji empathized with the sound and borrowed the music of Hujia, which is good at expressing homesickness and sorrow, and blended it into the tones of the guqin to express a kind of awe-inspiring resentment.
There are two types of musical notation. One is the Qin song with lyrics in "Qin Shi" (published in 1611) of the Ming Dynasty, the lyrics of which are the narrative poems of the same name written by Cai Wenji; the other is the "Cheng Jian Tang" in the early Qing Dynasty The solo music contained in "Qin Pu" and subsequent scores, the latter is widely circulated in the Qin world, especially the notations in "Wang Zhi Zhai Qin Pu" are the most representative.
The whole song has eighteen sections, using the three modes of Gong, Zheng and Yu. The contrast and development of the music are clearly divided into two levels. The first ten beats mainly describe the author's time in Hu Di. At that time, he was longing for his hometown; at the latter level, he expressed the author's hidden pain and sorrow of leaving his childishness.
The whole section of this song is inseparable from the word "miserable". It was adapted into a pipe solo. When played on the pipe, the sad and plaintive sound penetrates directly into the heart. Low is deep and sad.
Cai Wenji's "Eighteen Beats of Hujia" was praised by Guo Moruo as "the most admirable long lyric since Qu Yuan's "Li Sao""
Complete poem *** 10 Eight sections, composed of a complete set of eighteen songs. According to Guo Moruo, in Turkic language, "Shou" is called "Pai", and "Eighteen Pai" means eighteen songs. And because the poem was written by her in response to Hu Jia's lamentation, it was named "Hu Jia's Eighteen Beats" or "Hu Jia Ming". It was originally a Qin song, but after the Wei and Jin Dynasties it gradually evolved into two different instrumental music, called "Da Hu Jia Ming" and "Xiao Hu Jia Ming". The former is the direct successor of "Eighteen Pats of Hujia".
Huang Tinglan, a qin player in the Tang Dynasty, is famous for his skill in playing this piece. Li Qi's poem "Listening to Dong Da Playing the Hujia": "Cai Nu used to make the sound of the Hujia, with eighteen beats per play, the Hu people shed tears and touched the grass, and the Han envoys returned heartbroken to the guests." This is a summary of the content of the song. . The existing music score was first seen in the "Magical Secret Music Book" published in 1425, called "Da and Xiao Hu Jia", and they are all instrumental music without lyrics. The singable Qin song "Eighteen Beats of Hujia" first appeared in "Qin Shi" engraved by Sun Pixian in the 39th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1611 AD). It is now the most popular musical score, and its lyrics were written by Wen Ji. "At the beginning of my life, I did nothing...". The music basically uses a word-for-note approach, with the characteristics of early songs. From the first beat to the ninth beat, as well as the twelfth and thirteenth beats, they all have the same ending, with traces of being influenced by Xianghe Daqu of the Han Dynasty. The whole song is in a six-tone feather tune, and the rising Zhengyin (5-sharp) and the high pitch (1-sharp) formed in the molding are often used as modal outtones. The mood is sad and exciting, and deeply touching.
It is also one of the top ten famous ancient songs in China.