The first article
Although this article is short, it is wonderfully written. The specific story is that Su Shi and his friends rode a small boat on the river and sang songs from the "Book of Songs". At this time, a friend played the flute, but the sound was full of sadness. Dongpo asked him why he was bragging like this, and he said that he remembered the scene when Cao Cao conquered Jingzhou, how spectacular it was. The heroes were all-powerful for a while, but where are they now? From this, I think that human life is as small as a drop in the ocean compared to heaven and earth, and fame and wealth are like passing clouds. Therefore, sadness comes from it and I can't help myself, performing this sad flute sound.
Su Zi told the example of water and moon to refute his point of view. He said that the length of life depends on how you look at it. If you look at it from the perspective of change, the heaven and earth have not stopped moving even in the blink of an eye; if you look at it from the perspective of change, we and all things are endless. If you think about the Yangtze River like this, what is there to envy? Su Shi's world view is broad-minded and positive, which also affirms the value of human beings. Then he said that all things have their own owners, but "the love and wind in the mountains and rivers, and the bright moon in the mountains" are natural treasures that "can be taken from without restraint and are inexhaustible". He set his sights beyond the limitations of human beings to pursue and enjoy the endless beauty of nature. This is a manifestation of discovering the essential mystery and true meaning of life. This kind of broad-mindedness can probably make those who are obsessed with fame and wealth, narrow-minded and vulgar people feel ashamed, right? ! Su Shi's simple world view coincides with the life principles I have always respected. If it were not for the separation of time and space, I would really like to make him a close friend!
Part 2
Under the red cliff, there are many heroes who do their best, and many bastards who show mercy. The beauty and wonder of Red Cliff, written by the great writer Su Shi, come to life with simple and minimalist pen and ink. The artistic conception is long and intoxicating to me. "The moon rises above the east mountain, wandering among the bullfights." "The white dew stretches across the river, and the light of the water touches the sky. Even if a reed is like this, thousands of people are at a loss." The moonlight and the light of the water make the sky and the sky become one. Is it reality or an illusion? Su Shi wrote about constant scenes, but it made me feel like "elevating to immortality".
Walking in Red Cliff at night was pleasant but depressing. Su Shi was demoted due to the "Wutai Poetry Case" and suffered a serious political blow. One can imagine his inner anguish. After all, Dongpo was a broad-minded man. He indulged in the landscape and adapted to the circumstances, which is admirable. The emotions and scenes in the article are pleasing to the eye. Just as the host and guest were enjoying themselves, the strings were clasped while singing, but the lingering and sad sound of the cave flute was heard, and the mood suddenly turned to melancholy. Love is created by scenery, love is born from scenery, "The moon and stars are sparse, and the black magpie flies south." The "guest" is expressed in Cao Cao's mouth: What kind of heroes were there in the Chibi area, and where are they now? What's more, I am above the Yuqiao River and Zhujiang River! The river is endless, but a moment in life is as small as a drop in the ocean. If you can "carry flying immortals to fly around, hold the bright moon and live forever", but "know that you can't do it suddenly". The poem writes about the guest's sorrow, which is actually the result of Su Zi's enlightenment. He was inspired by the words of the "guest" and talked about the philosophy of life from the changes in the universe: From the perspective of change, the world will not change for a moment, life is short and naturally sad; but from the perspective of change, the world will not change. Live with me, and all things will be one with me, and they will be endless. Moreover, everything in the world has its own owner, "If it is not my property, I will not take even a single cent of it." In this way, the honor and disgrace, gain and loss, sorrow and joy in the world are no longer worth thinking about. Although Su Zi's philosophy of life has the negative elements of the Buddha's and Lao's thoughts of being content with the situation and adapting to nature, he was not negative and decadent in adversity, open-minded and aloof, which was commendable at the time! The passionate praise of the country and scenery, the admiration and yearning for historical heroes, and the pursuit of ideals in this poem are worthy of our infection. It is worthy of being a masterpiece!
Close your book, close your eyes, sit down and think about your own mistakes. Isn’t this the case in modern life? Although there are endless difficulties and ups and downs, as long as you have a cheerful and optimistic attitude and a broad-minded mind, what are you afraid of?
Part 3
"Qian Chibi Fu" was written during one of the most difficult periods in Su Shi's life - during the period of editing and management in Huangzhou. In 1079, he was arrested and imprisoned for slanderous poems and poems, and was subjected to rigorous investigation and death several times. The following year, he was demoted to Huangzhou and lived a controlled life of "semi-prisoner". He wrote this poem in Renxu 1082. He once described his difficult mood at this time in a poem he wrote in Huangzhou: "I was banished to Huanggang for four or five years, and my lonely boat disappeared in the smoke. I no longer communicate with my old friends, and I am suspected of death from illness, hunger and cold." Those who suffered from this kind of political struggle Severe blow and direct stimulation, the main emotion that arose in Su Shi's heart was the deep depression of worrying about life. This was clearly revealed in "Niannujiao·Chibi Nostalgia" written at the same time: the surging waves of the eastward river have washed away the glorious achievements of romantic figures throughout the ages; and in the real environment, I am even more "prematurely born" ” and deeply felt that “life is like a dream”.
However, "Qian Chibi Fu" does not seem to be so low-spirited. The beginning of the article brings people into a bright, picturesque, quiet and beautiful environment. "The breeze blows gently, and the water waves are calm" depicts the natural scenery on the river in early autumn, setting off the calm and refreshing mood of tourists. "Living up to the guests, reciting poems about the bright moon, and singing graceful chapters" shows the author's love for the bright moon. The author and his guests were sitting on a small boat, with the breeze blowing on their faces, toasting and drinking. In a moment of great excitement, they recited a poem describing the bright moon. From the activities of tourists, the unique interest and elegance of officials in feudal society are vividly described.
"A little while ago, the moon rose above the east mountain, wandering among the bullfights." These two sentences describe the scene of the moonrise. The author prominently writes about the dynamics at moonrise. The word "wandering" uses personification to give the moon an emotional color. You see, the moon is like a tourist, intoxicated by the beauty of the good time, unwilling to leave, so it walks slowly. This euphemistically reflects the visitors' wishes. "The white dew stretches across the river, and the light reaches the sky" describes the scenery under the moon. The white dew covered the river like a gauze, and the water and sky looked the same from a distance. The moonlight reflects on the vast river. The water light reaches the horizon far away, and the water and sky merge into one, presenting an extremely beautiful scenery. The author and his guests were enjoying themselves on such a beautiful river. They took a small boat and roamed happily, letting the boat drift with the water. "It's as vast as Feng Xu riding the wind without knowing where it's going, and as fluttering as if he had left the world and emerged into immortality independently." The author has developed a rich imagination: vast and vast, riding the wind in the sky, soaring at will, not knowing where he is going. place; and it seems to have left the human world and become detached and independent, like flying to a fairyland. The mighty river and the free and easy mind appear in front of people's eyes, and the joy of boating deeply affects readers.
In the situation of "extreme joy", it is natural to "keep the ship and sing". The author suffered repeated political setbacks, and his long-term depression was revealed under the stimulation of alcohol. This is "drinking and singing". Use singing to express your feelings. However, after a whimpering and sad flute sound, the author aroused a strong response. By paying tribute to the past and regretting the present, the word "sadness" is expressed everywhere: I feel sad when I pay homage to heroes; I feel sad when I lament the short life; I feel sad when my fantasies cannot be realized. Instantly facing the shortness and insignificance of life, the elusiveness and inability to grasp life, I fell into confusion and melancholy.
But in the end, regarding the scenery in front of him, the author himself explained the principles of change and immutability in nature, showing his open-minded feelings and revealing his thoughts and emotions of adapting to the circumstances and being content with the situation. With this leap, the ideological contradictions were also resolved, and I could express my views on life and all things in the universe and the attitude I should have in life: "Only the cool breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains can be heard by the ears and heard by the eyes. It becomes beautiful; you can take it without restraint and use it inexhaustibly: it is the infinite treasure of the Creator, and it is the most suitable place for me and my son. "The beautiful scenery given by nature, the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains, It is an inexhaustible and endless treasure that can never be fully enjoyed. Only by forgetting gains and losses can we be content and happy. This is the author's antidote to relief from depression.
The author has made a leap, and the ideological contradictions have been resolved. He has elaborated his views on life and the universe and the attitude he should have.
In short, Su Shi's The heart is complex and contradictory. The dual emotions of passive retreat and active enterprising, resentment of the world and carefree landscape, behind the indifference of thoughts, reveal the positive spirit of unwillingness to compromise and the broad-minded feelings of disdain for wealth and pride and independence.
Part 4
I once studied Su Shi's "Qian Chibi Fu", but at that time I was not very clear about its true connotation. I came across this article by chance today and couldn't help but read it again several times. It really feels like reading the article a hundred times and its meaning emerges by itself. Especially this passage of his gave me some new understanding. That is what he said in the article: sending a ephemera to heaven and earth, a drop in the vast sea, mourning for the brief moment of my life, envying the infinity of the Yangtze River. Carrying the immortals to travel, holding the bright moon to the end.
This passage contains a profound philosophy: time flies and life is extremely short. Birth, old age, illness and death are a process of life. We are lucky enough to be in this world, and everyone has a different life. However, our time is limited, and youth is even more precious. Take advantage of your limited youth to learn infinite knowledge, so that you will have no regrets about yourself.
I deeply understand the importance of health, which is the source of happiness. As we grow older, we become more aware of how quickly time passes, and the more we want to keep it. Of course, time will not stop because of the world's nostalgia for it. What I am afraid of is not death, but that I will not leave a brilliant mark in the book of life during my lifetime, and will not be able to draw a perfect end. I have never thought about these issues once, and every time my mind is struck with shock. There is nothing I can do to take back the past years, but the present and the future are still in my hands. I have only walked a small part of my life, and the road ahead is still full of hope.
Since then I have realized a truth:
People who know how to live cherish their lives as one day,
But those who waste their time regard one day as their whole life and squander it .
Today is the first day of the next life. If you persist in your ideals and don’t give up, you will always succeed. Because we are still young, we still have many more days to live.
Article 5
Speaking of the article itself, we should first pay attention to its genre characteristics. It is a "fu", not pure prose, but it is not poetry either, let alone today's prose poetry. It is rhymed prose composed of relatively free sentence patterns, but it is also full of strong poetic flavor. This was a new style at the time, a new achievement after classical prose broke out from the shackles of parallel prose and achieved victory. However, it is difficult to write "Fu" in this new style. Since Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi in the Song Dynasty, few people have gotten involved in it. Since it is "Fu", it should have the characteristics of Fu. "The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons? An Interpretation of Fu": "The one who writes Fu is also a proponent. The pavilion is a collection of prose, and the object is used to write down one's aspirations.
"When Su Shi wrote these two poems, he did not pile up a lot of rhetoric like the writers of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties when writing poems, but compared with his other articles, the literary talent was obviously more. As for "writing about objects with objects", "Red Cliff" "Fu" is mainly about "writing about things", and the "object" part is not much written, but it is also concise and vivid. The author's content in the poem is not mainly about scenery and events, but about abstract principles. . However, the abstract principles the author talks about are accomplished through images, metaphors, imagination, association, and admiration of the ancients and admiring the wind and moon. This is not empty or boring. This is the result of innovation based on the ancient tradition. Comparing it with Ouyang Xiu's "Qiu Sheng Fu", the reasoning content of Ou Yang's Fu is too abstract, so it is not as exciting as this Fu. In addition, the poems of Han and Wei generally have short narratives at the beginning and end, and there are short narratives in the middle. This article also has the subject-object question. It can be seen that the author has not departed from the specifications of the traditional "fu" style. From an institutional point of view, it still meets the requirements of "fu". We say that literary works should inherit the tradition. We must follow the old path. It was in this innovative spirit that Su Shi wrote "Chibi Fu".
Secondly, from the perspective of the ideological content throughout the article, "Chibi Fu" reflects two aspects. Meaning: First, "Sorrow for the brief moment of my life, envy the infinity of the Yangtze River", which is similar to the meaning of the beginning of "Niannujiao", "The river goes eastward, the waves are gone, and the romantic figures of the ages"; the second is to seize the opportunity to appreciate nature. The wind and moon in the mountains and rivers are the words "a bottle returns the moon in the river" at the end of "Niannujiao". The dominant idea is to focus on the latter, but both meanings are derived from the song "The mist is in my heart, and I am looking forward to the beauty." The two lines of the poem "The sky is one side", it is not difficult to see Su Shi's footing and the reason for adopting this attitude towards life. Some readers may say that there are no progressive ideas worthy of recognition in "Red Cliff Ode", but It is just advocating "carpe diem". This is certainly true, but the idea of ??"carpe diem" in this poem is not reflected positively in the article. What the reader feels is that the author hopes that a person will not make excuses. Don't pursue a fantasy realm that seems to be otherworldly but is actually unrealistic; instead, you should adapt to reality. In the current peaceful and comfortable (although it is short-lived) environment, you might as well revel in the embrace of nature. The success of the article lies in its charm, that is, the beauty of nature is enough to make people linger and be intoxicated by it. This kind of satisfaction in being immersed in the current pleasant state is Su Shi's consistent attitude towards life. Under adversity, this attitude towards life is more optimistic and open-minded than timidity, worry, inaction, and depression. Therefore, under certain living conditions and in situations that are intolerable to ordinary people, this attitude is better. It should be said that this attitude towards life still has its merits. Although the author said at the end of "Niannujiao" that "a bottle returns the moonlight over the river", he did not get rid of "life is like a dream" (in the book "The World"). Compared with this poem, it seems a bit lacking.
Therefore, it seems that the artistic achievement of "Red Cliff Fu" is the main one. The author is galloping his imagination in the article, like a "horse" with "no bounds"; at the same time, it also reflects the author's careful literary mind and strict rules. No matter how he chooses to use words or sentences, they are not unfounded. The origin is arbitrary and deviated from the origin of traditional art. The author's unique innovations are all based on deep and solid skills. Fang Bao of the Qing Dynasty commented on this article and said: "There is nothing special about what I see (nothing particularly distinctive), but the literary realm is unattainable. Liang Yu's body is free and the land is open-minded (his mind is broad-minded), and his chest is clear of clutter. It is exposed at the touch point and full of consideration. I don’t know why it is so. Is it possible that others cannot imitate it? Even if Zi Zhan improves it, he cannot adjust it and it can be judged. On the surface, the writing seems to be done freely and effortlessly, but in fact it is a meticulous and thoughtful way of thinking: this is where Su Shi's writing fails.