India in the early 20th century was a British colony. Political oppression and economic exploitation plunged the people of this ancient country into poverty and ignorance. In order to wake up the sleeping giant, two great men came into being. One is Mahatma Gandhi, the leader of the national liberation movement, and the other is Rabindranath Tagore, the greatest cultural master in modern Indian history (1861-1941). Tagore is versatile and talented. He is not only a master of literature and art, a knowledgeable philosopher, an outstanding social activist, but also an educator who is determined to innovate. His life's contribution not only has epoch-making significance in Indian history, but also has great influence in the world. Tagore has exerted a wide and far-reaching influence on all aspects of Indian culture. The most outstanding performance of his genius is probably his amazing creative quantity. /kloc-started writing poetry at the age of 0/2. In his writing career of more than 60 years, he has created a large number of works, including thousands of poems and 1200 lyrics, and composed music for most of them. Novels 12, more than 200 short stories, 38 plays, and many papers and memoirs, letters and travel notes about philosophy, literature and politics. In addition, he has created more than 2,700 paintings. He left an unusually rich cultural heritage to India and the world. 19 13, "because his poems are sensitive, fresh and beautiful; These poems are not only superb in skills, but also expressed in English by himself, which makes his poetic thoughts a part of western literature. " Tagore was awarded the highest honor in Nobel Prize in Literature by Swedish Academy, becoming the first Asian writer to win this honor. After 55 years, Yasunari Kawabata of Japan won this title again. Tagore is famous in the world. His poems are rich in genre and theme, fresh and meaningful; The novel has novel style and strong appeal; There are many kinds of dramas, full of philosophical meaning; Songs are tragic and touching, or majestic and eclectic. In people's impression, Tagore appeared as a great "singer and philosopher". Let's turn our attention to Kolkata, West Bengal, where Robin Delanat was born on May 7th, 186 1. Tagore family and rabbi's childhood Tagore family's original surname is Taker (the honorific title of Bangladeshi, meaning "saint"), and Tagore is its English variant. Robin Delanat's grandfather, Devalka Nat, "Prince". At the same time, he is also a thinker and cultural celebrity. At that time, many progressives' reform movements were strongly supported by him. Debendra Nath, the heir of "Prince", has different social enthusiasm from his father. He introspected and devoted himself to the study of philosophical and religious works. He has three different qualities: profound faith in religion, sensitivity to art and shrewdness in practical work. For the more famous son, his influence is undoubtedly far-reaching. His gentleness, dignity and generosity earned him the reputation of "Maha Bridge" (meaning "Great Sage"). Debenderanate has a big family. He has 15 children. After the daughter got married, the son-in-law also lived in his house for a long time. In addition, there are some relatives and many servants. Children grow up in an environment of complete freedom and strict family education, religious piety and enjoying a good life. This family inherited the Indian cultural tradition that my father loved and was deeply influenced by western culture. It often holds philosophical and religious seminars, poetry recitals, regular performances and concerts arranged from time to time. Famous poets, actors, musicians and scholars often become guests. "Maha Bridge" allows children to freely develop their own specialties, fully express their opinions without restrictions, and has an extremely open attitude. Robin Delatrey was born in such an environment, and in the process of forming his character, he absorbed wisdom and beauty from this environment. "The torrent of the Indian Renaissance surged around him." . As the youngest son of his parents, Robin Delanat, nicknamed "Rabbi", became the favorite object of every family member. But he is not spoiled by each other. On the contrary, the lifestyle of this family is very simple. According to religious regulations, children are not allowed to wear shoes and socks until they reach 10 years old. Rabbi went to four schools in Zhong Da, but he didn't like them. He hates the education system that ignores personality, hates the cage-like classroom that is far away from nature, and can't tolerate the hostile attitude and brutal corporal punishment of teachers. He likes the gardens, ponds, spring and white clouds outside the school. Later, he went to Oriental College, Teachers College and Bangladesh College, but he didn't finish his studies. He later devoted himself to educational innovation, which was not unrelated. In contrast, the influence of family on him is extremely obvious. Rabbis' rich knowledge of history, literature and science comes from their fathers and brothers. The Tagore family made great contributions to the national liberation movement in India and the winter Renaissance in Bangladesh. Stevie Quindera Nath, a talented poet and philosopher, once introduced western philosophy to India. Sadiyan Dranath, another historian, was the first Indian to enter the British Indian government. He knows many languages and has translated and published many classical works in Sanskrit and Bengali. Sister Svaner Living Goddess is the first female writer to write a novel in Bengali. My brother Jotilling Delanat became a musician, playwright, poet and journalist. As a rabbi, he was 65,438+03 years old, appreciated and encouraged his talents, and directly led him to the literary world by establishing the literary magazine Bonotti Monthly. In addition, Kadanbali Devi, the wife of Jotilyn Delanat, is an elegant and generous woman. She devoted herself to the rabbi and arranged a beautiful and elegant environment for him. She has almost become the ideal figure of the rabbi, and there is a romantic attachment between them. Rabbi spent the happiest and most comfortable days in his life in such a family atmosphere.
About the author:
Bing Xin (1900— 1999.2.28) is a contemporary female writer and a children's literature writer. Formerly known as Xie Wanying, her pen names are Ms. Bing Xin and Man. Originally from Changle, Fujian, he was born in Fuzhou. In his childhood, he was widely exposed to China's classical novels and translations. 19 18 entered the preparatory course of Concord Women's University and actively participated in the May 4th Movement. The first novel "Two Houses" was published in 19 19. Since then, there have been "problem novels" that discuss life problems, such as I am lonely and going to the countryside. At the same time, influenced by Tagore's Birds, he wrote untitled free poems. These crystal clear, beautiful and gentle poems were later published as "Spring Water of the Stars", which was called "Spring Water". 192 1 Join the Literature Research Association. In the same year, he published a collection of essays, Laughter and Past Events. 1923 graduated from yenching university Art Department. I went to Wellesley Women's University to study English literature. During my travel and study abroad in the United States, I wrote a collection of essays for young readers, which showed the characteristics of grace, lightness, elegance, conciseness and fluency, with high artistic expression and made higher achievements than novels and poems. This unique style was once called "Ice Heart Body" by people at that time, which had a wide influence.
From 65438 to 0926, Bing Xin returned to China after obtaining a master's degree in literature and taught in yenching university and Tsinghua University successively. Since then, he has written prose "Returning to the South", novel "Pink" and "Dong Er Girl", showing more profound social connotations. During the Anti-Japanese War, he was engaged in creative and cultural salvation activities in Kunming and Chongqing. 1946 went to Japan and was a professor at Tokyo University. 195 1 returned to China, and served as the editorial board of People's Literature, director of the Chinese Writers Association and vice chairman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles. His works include essays After My Return, For Young Readers, We Woke up in Spring, Ode to Cherry Blossoms, Gleaning, Collected Works of Yat Sen, For Young Readers, etc. Show a colorful life. She still maintains her own unique style in art, and her short story Empty Nest won the 1980 Excellent Short Story Award. In the same year, Xiao Ju Deng, a children's literature work, won the honorary prize of the National Children's Literature Creation Award. In addition to the above works, Bing Xin has also published novels such as Superman, Going to the Countryside, Dong Er Girl, and novels and essays such as Past, Returning to the South, Essays for Women, Complete Works of Bing Xin, Collected Works of Bing Xin and Selected Translation of Bing Xin. Her works have been translated into many foreign languages and published.
Catalogue of works:
Stars (Poems) 1923, Business.
Quanshui (poetry anthology) 1923, Xinchao Society.
Superman (collection of novels and essays) 1923, business
To a young reader (prose collection) 1926, Beixin.
Past events (novel prose) 193O, enlightenment.
Nangui (Prose Collection) 193 1, Beixin
Auntie (collection of novels) 1932, Beixin
Bing Xin's novels, one of the complete works of Bing Xin, 1933, Beixin.
The Complete Works of Bing Xin-Bing Xin Poetry 1932, Beixin.
Bing Xin's third complete works-Bing Xin's prose collection 1932, Beixin.
Leisure (Poetry and Prose Collection) 1922, Beixin
Go to China (novel collection) 1933, Beixin.
Travel along Pingsui (essays) 1935, Pingsui Railway Bureau.
Dong Er Girls (Collection of Novels) 1935, Beixin.
One of Bing Xin's works-Bing Xin's novel 1943, Wu.
The second collection of Bing Xin's works-Bing Xin's essays, 1943, Wu.
The third collection of Bing Xin's works-Bing Xin's poems, 1943, Wu.
About women (essays) 1943, heaven and earth
Selected Works of Bing Xin's Novels and Proses 1954, Humanities
Tao Qi's Summer Diary (Novel) 1956, Shanghai Children.
Miscellaneous notes on returning home (essays) 1957, Shanghai children.
After returning (essays) 1958, writer.
We Awaken Spring (Prose Collection) 1960, Hundred Flowers
"Little Orange Lantern" (anthology of novels and prose poems) 1960, writer.
Ode to Cherry Blossoms (Prose Collection) 1962, Hundred Flowers
Notes (Prose Collection) 1964. author
Yat sen villa (essays and novels) 1980, Hundred Flowers
Three small readers (essays) 198 1, children.
Notes on Beads (Creation) 1982, Humanities
Bing Xin Wheel Creation 1982. Shanghai literature and art
Selected Works of Bing Xin 1982, Children.
Selected Works of Bing Xin 1983, Humanities
Selected Works of Bing Xin (1-2) 1983, Sichuanese (incomplete)
Collection of Bing Xin's Works (1-3) 1983 Shanghai Literature and Art (incomplete)
The Complete Works of Bing Xin (1-8) 1994, Literature and Art in the Straits.
Translation bibliography:
Prophet (Selected Prose Poems) by Syrian Carol Ji Bolun, 193 1, Crescent Moon.
Indian fairy tale author Ram Annard, India, 1955, Zhongqing.
Indian Tagore's Good Luck and Good Wings (poetry anthology), 1955, Humanities
Indian folktales, Indian Ram Annard, 1955, Shanghai Children.
Co-translation of Tagore's Selected Poems and Shi Zhecun, 1958, Humanities
Tagore's Drama ④ 1959, Drama
A copy of Ma Hengda's poems (in Nepali) translated by Sun Yong, 1965.
"The Lamp Burner" (poetry anthology) Anton Buttigieg, 198 1, humanities.