Appreciation point: understanding of key words in the work;
Question: "What is the most vivid word in this couplet? Why? " Or can the word "A" be replaced by the word "B" or other words? Please briefly explain the reasons. "
How to answer questions: ① Explain the literal meaning and connotation; (2) point out the technology used; (3) what is the focus (can be analyzed from the aspects of scenery characteristics, theme, emotion, artistic conception, etc.).
Typical example: Fujian Volume 2006:
End? Li shangyin
In the distance, books are dreams, and only empty beds are enemies. Under the steps of moss mangroves, the moon is sad in the rain.
[Note] ① End residence: idle residence. ② Pingqiu: synonymous with autumn.
(1) Can the word "enemy" in the second sentence of this poem be replaced by "right" or other words? Please briefly explain the reasons.
The answer and analysis (1) cannot be replaced by "right" or other words. The use of the word "enemy" not only highlights the lonely and cold atmosphere of "empty bed" and "plain autumn" in silence, but also shows that people who sleep alone with empty beds can't stand the desolate situation of "plain autumn", and expresses the unspeakable sadness in the poet's heart. It is difficult to express this effect quickly with "right" or other words. (Take care of the test questions)
Practice reading the following Song lyrics, and then answer this question.
Magnolia? Song qi
Dongcheng gradually felt that the scenery was good, and it was wrinkled and welcoming people. Poplar smoke is lighter than Han Xiao, and the branches of red apricots are full of spring.
Floating growth hates less pleasure, but is willing to love a daughter and smile. Drink for you to persuade the sunset, leaving a shadow among the flowers.
[Note] Blinking: Twinkling yarn is a metaphor for the ripples of water.
How to treat the word "noisy" in the word "apricot branches in spring" Why?
Appreciation point 2: Grasp the author's emotion and theme.
How to answer questions: ① Describe the life (scenery) of …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ? -Describe ... express ... express. ...
Typical example: Question 12 of the National Volume in 2006: Read the following Song Ci and then answer this question.
Nankezi Rebecca
The mountains are dark and cloudy, and the weather is cold and rainy. Several branches were bright and wet, and they were red with tears. Don't feel sorry for the east wind.
The hat faces outwards and ditches are everywhere. Hard work is a problem concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers. Get a plow and look forward to a good year.
【 Note 】 ① Agriculture, countryside and farmers: refer to spring ploughing, summer sowing and autumn harvest.
Try to analyze the contents of Xiaque and the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author in his poems.
The answer and analysis (1) describes the hard-working life of farmers, laments that "hard work on earth is related to agriculture, countryside and farmers", and expresses farmers' expectation for good weather and abundant crops. (2) The author expressed his thoughts and feelings for farmers by lamenting their hard life.
Practice reading the following song and then answer this question.
Return carefully at night.
In the middle of the night, guests go home according to the line, and cold phosphorus gathers soil according to fireflies. The village shop is muddy and slippery, and the bamboo window leaks clothes lights.
[Note] This generation refers to bamboo sticks.
Please simply appreciate what feelings are contained in the intriguing picture of "Bamboo Window Oblique Trap Lamp".
The third point of appreciation: the analysis of techniques (expressive techniques, rhetorical techniques, etc.). ) works.
Answer: ① Point out which skills are used. (2) How to use this skill in combination with poetry analysis; (3) How does this technique express the poet's feelings or themes?
Proposition method:
1, from the perspective of "what":
Typical example 2006 Jiangxi Volume 14. Read the following poem and then answer this question.
Yang Wanli, a small capital in Sanjiang
The stream will never return to the bridge, and the boat is still leaning on the short pole. Friendship should flow forever like a mountain stream, regardless of the hardships.
[Note] ① Pass: Line, flow through.
What means does the poet use to express the main idea of his works? Try to make a brief analysis of the whole poem.
Answering and analyzing the whole poem describes friendship. The poet uses the methods of comparison, metaphor, symbol, etc. (to answer "what"), and compares "a small river does not return to the bridge" with "walk no matter what the wind and rain" and "friendship" with "crossing a mountain stream", giving symbolic meaning to "crossing a mountain stream" and "storm" (to give a concrete answer) (benefits-to the theme)
2. From the perspective of "why" (good or bad), analyze the reasons for good or bad.
Typical example: Fujian Volume 2006:
End? Li shangyin
In the distance, books are dreams, and only empty beds are enemies.
Under the steps of moss mangroves, the moon is sad in the rain.
[Note] ① End residence: idle residence. ② Pingqiu: synonymous with autumn.
(2) What are the artistic features of the three or four sentences in this poem? Please analyze it briefly.
Answer and Analysis (2) In terms of artistic techniques, the biggest feature of the third and fourth sentences is to express emotion by borrowing scenery. With the help of the descriptions of moss, mangrove, rain and moon, the poet endowed the objective scenery with a strong subjective color, created a cold atmosphere, and (specifically analyzed how to use it) expressed the feelings of sadness, loneliness and homesickness. It is also acceptable to answer from other angles (such as intertextuality).
3. Proposition from the perspective of "how to write":
Common description angles:
① Five senses: sight, hearing, taste, touch and smell.
② Spatial orientation. Such as up and down, far and near, etc.
③ the change of time. For example, the changes before and after Huaqing Palace.
(4) the change of emotional angle, pour out your thoughts to others and write out your thoughts to others. For example, "I know from a distance where my brother climbed the mountain, and there is one person missing from the dogwood." "Flowers drift, water flows. A kind of acacia, two leisurely feelings. "
⑤ Various rhetorical methods (in terms of sentences).
⑥ Lyricism method: express feelings by scenery, express one's mind directly, express one's ambition by things, and satirize the present by ancient times.
⑦ Other descriptive skills. Such as virtual reality, rhythm, sports, etc.
Typical example
Eastern suburbs? (Tang) Wei
The collector's home is away all the year round and in the suburbs. Where the wind is blowing in the willows, the green hills are bleak.
I rest by a tree or wander back and forth in a stream. Slightly rainy grass, a spring pigeon crows in a hidden place?
This love of strength and tranquility has been lost again and again, just because of the busy business. One day, he dismissed from office and built a house here, admiring that Tao Qian could almost have fun.
Note: ① Official residence, official office. Suburb, suburb. 3 Go back to wandering.
(2) How to describe the charming spring scenery here with "the grass in the light rain and a spring pigeon flying from nowhere"?
The answer and analysis (2) "Slight Rain" and "Spring Pigeon" describe charming spring scenery from the visual and auditory perspectives (specifically, from the perspective), showing the poet's joy of seclusion and true friendship with friends. (expressing emotions)
Practice reading the following Song lyrics, and then answer this question.
Operator, sent Bao Haoran to Wangguan in East Zhejiang [Song Dynasty]
Water looks like a beautiful woman's eyes, like a beautiful frown. If you want to ask pedestrians which way to go, your eyebrows are shining.
Take the spring water and send you back. If you go to the south, you can catch up with spring, and you must keep the scenery of spring.
The style of this word is unique. Please take the first movie of this word as an example to make a concrete analysis.
Appreciation point 4: analyze the artistic conception of poetry
Answer:
(1) describes the object. Lenovo and imagination reproduce the picture.
② Summarize the characteristics. It is pointed out that the atmospheric characteristics of the landscape can be summarized by two disyllabic adjectives, such as: magnificent, quiet, beautiful, lonely, desolate, desolate and so on.
3 reveal the meaning. What kind of feelings or themes did the poet express?
Typical example 2006 Hubei Volume 14 Read the following two Tang poems, then answer this question. (8 points)
Danyang Guan Wei joined Wei Yan.
On the outer edge of Danjiangkou, I won't go out to sea today, but I know the sadness of the two places. I'm still standing on the south side of the Yangtze River, looking at Jiangbei. The crows have returned to their nests to see the flowing water.
Farewell to Han Cong in late spring
Blue, dark and red are rare in Fengcheng (1), and the pavilions in the twilight clouds are full of ancient and modern feelings. People who travel far must listen to the flowing water in the palace, and the sound of time is also heard.
Note ① Fengcheng: Beijing.
(1) What do you mean by "water" in two farewell poems? Please briefly explain. (4 points)
(2) How does Water Delivery in Late Spring blend into the scenery? Please give a brief evaluation (4 points)
Answer and Analysis (1) The last song uses "water leisurely" to symbolize the sadness of parting and the long-term friendship; The next song expresses the feelings of life, history and society through the flowing water in front of the palace.
(2) This poem condenses friendship and secular feelings into "feelings of the past and the present" and melts into a sentimental picture composed of images such as "indigo naturalis", "red rareness", "twilight clouds" and "water in front of the palace", thus forming an artistic feature of blending feelings and scenes.
Practice reading the following Tang poem, then answer this question.
Yu gan 1 charity? Liu Changqing
Shake off (2) It is dark and the green maple leaves are sparse. A lonely city closes its water, and birds fly alone.
At the beginning of the ferry, the neighbors went fishing and didn't return. Hometown heartbroken, where to pound cold clothes?
Note: ① Yugan: Place name, which belongs to Jiangxi now? (2) Shake down: the vegetation withers.
What images does this poem describe and what is its function?
Appreciation point 5: Comparative reading
In comparative reading, we should make clear the comparable points, see clearly the thinking track and correspond to the comparable points. Investigate the speculative nature.
Proposition characteristics: 1, distinguishing similarities and differences; 2. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages.
Answer: Method 1: Answer directly.
Methods: Answer the questions directly without analysis.
Main questions: What are the similarities and differences? What feelings are you expressing?
Typical example 2005 Beijing Volume: Read the following words and complete questions ①-③.
Night tour of the palace? Remember to send the dream teacher Bo Soul? Lu you
The snow is clear and chaotic, sleepwalking, I don't know where I am. An iron horse has no power like water. Xiangguan River: Yanmen West, Qinghai International.
Sleeping in a cold lamp, the sound leaks from the moon. Who knew he was named Hou in Wanli? Although the temple is broken, the heart is not dead.
Note: ① Shi Bohun is a friend of Lu You.
"Self-proclaimed Wan Li hou, who knows? What are the similarities and differences between "the sideburns are broken, but the heart is not dead" and "the Great Wall is empty, and the sideburns are fading in the mirror" in Lu You's Regret for the Past?
Similarities between the answer and the analysis: both words and poems show the poet's patriotic ambition of resisting gold and serving the country, making great achievements, and his sad feelings of unpaid ambition and disillusionment. Difference: A sentence expresses his incomprehensible sigh and highlights the mood of the martyr in his later years. Poetry b focuses on the poet's grief and indignation at his unpaid ambition but his old age.
Mode 2: Brief Analysis
In principle, you must quote the answer and combine the viewpoint materials.
Step ① keyword selection ② literal meaning analysis ③ connotation analysis (expressed ... emotion)
Typical example: the final exam in Haidian District, Beijing in June 2006 was 5438+ 10. Read the following poem and complete 1-3 questions.
Su Shi crossed the sea on the night of June 20th.
On the third night, the bitter rain will eventually clear up! Who embellishes the clouds and the moon, the sky and the sea are clear.
In his spare time, Chaucer took advantage of music to get a general understanding of Xuanyuan's music. I don't hate the narrow escape in the south, so I will travel wonderfully all my life!
What kind of artistic techniques are used in the poem "The Wind Clears After the Bitter Rain" and the poem "No Rain Clears" by Su Shi? Briefly analyze how these two sentences express Su Shi's thoughts and feelings respectively. (4 points)?
Answer and analysis: the artistic technique of "comparison" (or: symbolic technique) is used. ( 1)
The second question: the sentence "After the ups and downs of my career, I finally look forward to the day of' clearing up'", (① ②) expresses the joy of being forgiven and returning to the North. (3) The phrase "there is no rain or shine" means that the ups and downs on the journey of life are always temporary, just like the rain or shine of nature, it will always pass, so don't be too bitter, you should face it calmly. This shows the poet's open-minded mind and indifferent feelings of "humiliation". "③ (meaning the correct answer is enough, 3 points)
Practice reading the following two poems of Qing Dynasty, and then answer this question.
Zhang Xinlei weiping
The creation is silent but affectionate, and every time it is cold, it feels spring. Colorful arrangements, just waiting for the first sound of the new thunder.
Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems (V) Gong Zizhen
The vast sadness of parting extends to the setting sun, away from Beijing, riding a whip to the east, feeling that people are on earth. I quit my job and go home, just like a flower falling from a branch, but this is not a heartless thing. It can be turned into the soil of spring and can also play a role in nurturing the next generation.
What is the difference between the thoughts and feelings entrusted by the last sentence of the two poems?
Migration exercise reference answer
1. "Noisy" is well used. The word "noisy" not only makes people feel that apricot blossoms are warm, but also reminds people that bees and butterflies are flying among flowers and spring birds are singing, which shows a scene full of spring and vitality to the fullest. Note: solve the problem comprehensively. Don't just answer "the enthusiasm of flowers" or "the vitality of spring", but answer from the surface and deep, that is, describe the enthusiasm of flowers positively and set off the vitality of spring from the side.
2. This painting depicts the poet's imagination (see): in the bamboo fence thatched cottage, a dim ray of light leaked obliquely from the bamboo window. Under the blue light, the wife (mother) that the poet looks forward to day and night is sewing clothes one by one. The poet is eager to be homesick, and his family's concern and yearning for the wanderer all overflow from this picture.
3. The first movie of this word used metaphor (pointing out what skills were used). Turn people's eyebrows directly into the scenery of the journey, give people a feeling directly, make the landscape look like the author's eyes to bid farewell to his friends, and form an artistic realm of blending scenes (how to use this technique in combination with poetry analysis); Vividly expressed the author's infinite attachment to friends who are about to leave, and his deep concern and concern for friends who sleep in the wind on their way home (this technique expresses the poet's feelings). (Or: The author compares water to a person's tears and mountains to a person's frown, which not only depicts the scenery with this novel metaphor, but also implies the feeling of parting with friends in a pun, killing two birds with one stone. The next two sentences compare the place where you are leaving your friends to "the place where your eyes are smiling", which not only points out the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, but also metaphors the state of tears on both sides.
4. The poem describes the images of dusk, clear maple, frosty leaves, lonely city, solitary bird, ferry, the first month and the last month. (Write 6 correctly, get 2 points, write 3 correctly, get 1 point) The role of these images; Explain the seasonal scene (autumn scenery) to set off the poet's sad inner world; It implies a melancholy village of leaving love.
5. The former has entrusted the yearning and expectation for a new life and a new atmosphere; The latter has placed selfless care on new things.
Appreciation of Archaeological Poetry Keywords: Appreciation of Ancient Poetry 2
Abstract: 1. Refine the theme of poetry. 2. Incorporate into the artistic conception of poetry.
3. Appreciation of poetic skills. Appreciation of poetic language
According to the examination questions of senior high school entrance examination in recent years, we can see that ancient poetry includes ancient poetry, Tang poetry, Song poetry, Yuan poetry and Qing poetry, among which Tang poetry and Song poetry are the key points.
Analysis of the requirements of the examination standards for the appreciation of classical poetry, combined with the analysis of the examination questions in recent years, we can see that the main contents of the examination are:
Detailed analysis of test sites
First, appreciate the images in ancient poetry
The image of poetry is what sustains the author's thoughts and feelings, including the characters (or the lyric hero, that is, the poet himself; It can also be the objective image created by the poet) and the object image. Appreciating the images of classical poetry is the basic way to feel and understand poetry.
Second, appreciate the language of ancient poetry
Poetry is the art of language; Language is the shell of poetry expression and ambition, and it is also the only medium for poetry to shape images and reflect ideological content. Therefore, only by accurately understanding the language of poetry can we further judge, appreciate and evaluate it. The appreciation of classical poetry language mainly focuses on accuracy, vividness, conciseness, implication, harmonious phonology, style characteristics and so on.
Third, appreciate the expressive skills of ancient poetry.
Means of expression refers to the special means of expression used by the author in shaping the image, creating artistic conception and expressing thoughts and feelings. Its meaning is very broad, which can include the use of various rhetorical devices and expressions, as well as the clever use of various expressive devices and artistic ideas.
Fourth, evaluate the ideological content of literary works and the attitude of the author.
The ideological content of poetry and the author's viewpoint and attitude are the social real life reflected by the poet's poetic language, from which the author's thoughts and feelings, attitude towards life, personal ideals and political tendencies are manifested.
Propositional characteristics?
I. Propositional materials
Generally speaking, it is mainly Tang and Song poetry, especially Tang poetry. In terms of content,
Landscape and pastoral themes are the most, and the theme of worrying about the country and the people is gradually increasing; From the ideological and emotional point of view, the most melancholy content; From the author's point of view, most of them are famous artists and influential and representative poets in different periods; Genre-wise, it is mainly modern poetry, especially quatrains.
Second, the problem design
Give priority to short answers, supplemented by fill-in-the-blanks and multiple-choice questions.
Third, examine the angle.
The examination angle of the senior high school entrance examination proposition focuses on appreciating the image, language and expression skills of poetry, and evaluating the thought, content and emotion of poetry.
learning strategy
In view of the basic characteristics of poetry appreciation in the senior high school entrance examination, we should pay attention to the following points in the examination strategy:
First, enrich the accumulation of poetry.
Only a large amount of reading accumulation can change from quantitative change to qualitative change and improve the ability of poetry appreciation.
Second, clarify the examination requirements and understand the characteristics of the topic and the trend of the proposition.
Only by being familiar with the examination requirements can we learn to have a direction and improve the pertinence of appreciation training.
Third, master the problem-solving modes of various types of questions and master the basic terms of ancient poetry appreciation.
Only by being familiar with all kinds of questions and mastering the essentials of solving problems can we improve our ability to solve problems. Exam questions usually include:
Question-and-answer, we should carefully examine the questions and do "what to ask and what to write;" Give you what you want. "
Summary type, on the basis of clear requirements, can generally adopt the "total one point and total one point" type. Summarize the characteristics first (a judgment to show the point); Then buckle the requirements and combine the poems to analyze and expound to prove the point of view; Finally, the advantages of this writing method are revealed.
Contrastive type, through research, distinguish types and compare the similarities and differences between the two poems; According to the requirements of the topic, buckle the words and phrases in the work to analyze and elaborate.
Problem-solving skills
One? Focus on poetic eyes
-Refine the theme of poetry
Theme is the soul of poetry, and we must grasp the theme of poetry when reading poetry. Poems of different times, writers and themes have different themes. Usually, we can see the theme of poetry from the eyes of poetry or words. The so-called eyes of poetry or words are the words or key sentences that make the finishing point in poetry.
What are the common themes of poetry? What kind of life feelings will the poet express?
1. Perception theme
(1) wrote lyric poems about scenery, sang lyric poems about scenic spots and described natural scenery. Some ancient poets, dissatisfied with reality, often attached their feelings to mountains and rivers and expressed their thoughts and feelings by depicting rivers and lakes and natural scenery. This kind of poetry often contains the feelings to be expressed in the scenery described, which is what people often say. Its style is fresh and natural.
(2) Poetry is expressed by chanting things, and the poet describes the shape, characteristics, charm and quality of the things sung, so as to entrust the poet with his own feelings and express his spirit, quality or ideal.
(3) nostalgia for poetry, which is caused by one thing, such as homesickness, homesickness and friends.
(4) Recalling the past and reciting epic poems, taking historical allusions as the theme, or expressing one's opinions, or satirizing the present through the past, or expressing vicissitudes of life.
(5) Poems describing frontier battles, describing frontier scenery and the military life of soldiers guarding the frontier, expressing optimism and heroism or homesickness, with tragic style and bold brushwork.
Refine the theme
The ideological content of poetry generally includes farewell, nostalgia, leisure and tranquility, good water in Leshan, feeling sad at the time, mourning for the present, worrying about the country and the people, expressing feelings, lamenting and satirizing. Poets' feelings generally include farewell, homesickness, friendship, homesickness, satire, reporting national conditions, hurting world feelings and so on.
(1) Worrying about the country and hurting the country
Expose the ignorance and corruption of rulers. For example, "a strong business woman doesn't know how to hate her country, but still sings backyard flowers across the river."
Reflect that the people are suffering from chaos. For example, "although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers last forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring." Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate. The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold. I stroke my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. "
Sympathize with the people's suffering. Such as "Xing, the people suffer; People suffer when they die. "
(2) Contribute to the country
Express the desire to make contributions and heroism, as well as the determination to defend the country. For example, "the trip to the sun and the moon, if out of its territory, the stars are brilliant, if out of its territory."
Express the sorrow of not being able to serve the country and the pain of the decline of mountains and rivers. Such as: "poor white hair is born!"
Express the sadness that time has passed, ambition is hard to pay, talent is not met, and ideal is unknown. For example, "affectionate Ying Xiao Wo, early birth and prosperity" (Su Shi's "Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia")
(3) Homesickness and homesickness
Travel and troubles. For example, "When the sun sets, heartbroken people are in the end of the world."
Miss your relatives and friends. For example, Wang Wei's "Remembering my Shandong brothers on vacation in the mountains".
Homesick at the border. Homesick poems are often associated with war, which reflects that people are tired of war and eager to reunite with their wives and live a quiet and peaceful life. Such as: "The general is white-haired and tears for his husband."
(4) Miscellaneous feelings of life
Send love to the leisure of landscape and countryside. For example, Wang Wei's "Autumn Night in the Mountain" and Meng Haoran's "Passing the Old People's Village".
The depression of frustrated official career, the sorrow of cherishing time and hurting spring, and the sorrow of the fleeting youth. The former is like a lute, and the latter is like a dream of Li Qingzhao. Last night, it was stormy.
Comfort the joy of life. For example, Du Fu's Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night and the Banks of the Yellow River Recovered by the Imperial Army, Xin Qiji's Xijiang Moon, Mingyue and Surprised Magpie, etc.
Two? Reasoning imagination
-Blend in a poetic atmosphere
Poetry is a unique literary style that emphasizes lyricism. Emotion is the foundation of poetry, even narrative poems or philosophical poems are full of poetry, which shows the poet's character and feelings. When reading a poem, we should be good at understanding the "ambition" expressed in the poem from the emotional hand. The emotion of poetry is expressed by creating a specific artistic atmosphere through specific images.
1. Capture image
Try this test:
Read the following poem and then answer this question.
Smelling flute in Los Angeles on a spring night? Lipper
Yu Di's dark flying sound scattered into the spring breeze in Los Angeles.
Who can't get homesick when they hear that there is another village in the serenade?
When commenting on this poem, predecessors once said that the word "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem. What is the moral of "breaking willow" in the poem? Do you agree with the key theory? Why?
To answer this question, we must have some knowledge of classical culture and understand what "image" is. What is the connotation of the image of Liu? Here is a brief introduction. ?
Simply put, image refers to the objective image of the author's subjective feelings in poetry (or the objective image with profound meaning formed by the author's thinking). "Image" is a special term for analyzing and studying poetry, and "meaning" refers to the poet's subjective feelings. "Image" refers to the objective image felt by the poet, which is the image in the poet's mind and is integrated with the image felt by the poet. In Kant's words, it is "an image full of life." Literally, a poem is a combination of words. Conceptually, a poet should not only feel and think with images, but also express his inner feelings with images.
The poet's choice and description of images is the expression of the author's subjective feelings. Therefore, when appreciating poetry, it is the key to understand the author's thoughts and feelings and smoothly enter the artistic conception of poetry. Ma Zhiyuan's "Clear Sand? Qiu Si "wrote:" The withered vine and the old tree are faint, the small bridge is flowing with people, and the old road is thin and thin. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world. " This song uses nine nouns to describe the unique and interrelated scenery, and with a summary and ingenious artistic conception, it constitutes a sunset picture in the autumn suburbs filled with cold atmosphere and gloomy colors. Crows homesick at dusk, comfortable and comfortable families, and tired old horses set off wanderers who missed their hometown and hesitated.
A feeling of sadness. The nine nouns in the song are exactly nine images, and each image is implicated in the author's wandering mind. They organically form a dense image group. This seemingly simple combination of images unexpectedly produced a strong artistic appeal and became Song Yuan's swan song.
Poetry aims at expressing emotion, and image is the basic unit of expressing emotion in poetry and the basis of emotional sustenance in poetry.
Therefore, it is the only way to understand poetry to start with images and expand imagination and association. For example, the famous "Night Sleeping by the Maple Bridge": "On a frosty night, Jiang Feng sleeps on fire. Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, passenger ships are ringing at midnight. " The first two sentences and fourteen words use six images, from the dense night after the moon sets, the crow's shrill cry, the cold frost day, the gloomy river wind and the scarcity of fishing fire at night, we deeply feel the cold atmosphere of autumn night in the water town and the lonely mood of guests.
List pictures
In the long course of China's classical poetry, many traditional images have been formed, and their symbolic meanings are basically fixed. If we are familiar with these images, it will be of great help to interpret poetry. If we understand that the traditional image "Liu" is often used to express feelings of parting and missing, this problem will be solved easily.
Therefore, to accurately understand ancient poetry, we should pay attention to the understanding and accumulation of traditional images, grasp the characteristics of "image" reproduction, and analyze its humanistic significance. Here are some traditional pictures:
Moon: In China's ancient poems, it is a common technique to use the moon to set off feelings. Generally speaking, the moon in ancient poetry is synonymous with homesickness. "The foot of my bed is shining with such bright light. Is it frosty already? Looking up, I found that it was moonlight and sank again, and I suddenly remembered home. " This poem shows Li Bai's homesickness. The moon in the poem is no longer a purely objective image, but an image full of poet's feelings. "He knows that the dew will frost tonight, and how bright the moonlight is at home! "(Du Fu's Moonlight Remembering Brothers) Dew is always white, and tonight is even whiter, because love is tonight; The moon is unknown everywhere, and my hometown is brighter because I miss my brother and my hometown. The poet takes fantasy as reality to highlight his nostalgia for his hometown. There are poems such as Zhang Jiuling's "Looking at the Moon and Philip Burkart" in the Tang Dynasty, which are generally the same feelings.
Plum Blossom: Plum Blossom blooms first in the cold, emitting endless fragrance, so it is highly praised and praised by poets. "It's not snow in the distance, because it smells." (Wang Anshi's Plum Blossom) The poem not only describes the spread of plum blossoms due to the wind, but also implicitly shows the purity and whiteness of plum blossoms, which has received the artistic effect of good fragrance and lewdness. "Scattered into mud and ground into dust, only the fragrance remains." (Lu You "Bu Operator? Yongmei) used plum blossom to describe his misfortune and noble sentiment of being unwilling to be left behind. "Don't let people boast that the color is good, let the air be full of dry Kun. "(Wang Yuan Mian's Mo Mei) also reflects his unwillingness to go with the flow with pure plum blossoms, which is shallow and profound.
Lotus: Because "lotus" and "cherish" are homonyms, there are many poems about lotus in ancient poetry to express love. Such as: "Nantang autumn picking lotus, lotus over the head;" Bow your head to get lotus seeds, which are as green as water. " (Western Zhou Qu by Yuefu in Southern Dynasties) Lotus seed means, green means green. There are both real and imaginary here, which means pun. The rhetorical device of homophonic pun is used to express a woman's deep yearning for the man she loves and the purity of love.
Partridge bird: the image of partridge also has a specific connotation in ancient poetry. The song of partridge makes people sound like "I can't live without my brother", which is very easy to evoke the association of hard journey and full of parting. For example, "In autumn, the setting sun is vast and the grass is bright, and the partridges are far away from people" (Li Qunyu's "Smelling the partridges on Jiuzipo" in the Tang Dynasty), "The river is sad at night, and the mountains are deep and the partridges are heard" (Xin Qiji's "Bodhisattva Man? The partridge in the poem is not a bird in a purely objective sense.
Liu: Farewell, nostalgia and sadness symbolize the beauty of spring. Since the Han Dynasty, people often express their feelings of parting by folding willows, which makes them miss their relatives far away and the travelers in their hometown. Such as "Farewell": "The willows are green and heavy, and the flowers are long and swaying. The wicker is broken and the flowers are flying. Will pedestrians come back? " Liu Yong used "Where to wake up after drinking tonight?" In the mausoleum. Yang Liuan "to express the sadness of parting. Li Bai's "I heard the willows in the flute, but I didn't see the spring scenery." "It is said that the origin of the' broken willow' in the flute has spread far away, but the spring scenery of Yangliuqing has never been seen before, in order to express the author's sigh for other feelings.
A symbol of integrity, positivity and humility. In Han Yu's pen, the pen is "high standard and strict, negative color wins spring rhyme." Noble charm is more serious than the color of autumn chill, and firmness overwhelms the softness and charm of spring. The word "bamboo" in Zheng Banqiao's Bamboo Stone in Qing Dynasty insists that the green hills are not relaxed, and the roots are broken rocks. Thousands of blows are still strong, and the wind is southeast and northwest. " It is also a portrayal of integrity.
3. blend into the artistic conception. Wang Guowei's view on "artistic conception" in "The Thorn on Earth" is: "In a word, the beauty of his articles is artistic conception. Why is it artistic? Say: it is refreshing to write feelings, and the scenery is in people's eyes and ears, as it says. "
Artistic conception is the harmonious unity of poetic meaning and context. Meaning refers to the poet's thoughts and feelings expressed in his poems. Context is the artistic picture and so-called artistic conception described in the poems, and it is an intriguing artistic realm formed by the organic integration of the thoughts and feelings expressed by the poet and the life picture described in the poems. For example, Tao Yuanming's Return to the Garden depicts a fresh, natural, quiet and beautiful rural working life scene, and the author's indifferent and quiet mood is contained in this life scene. This scene containing the author's feelings constitutes the artistic conception of this poem. Another example is Zhu's Random Thoughts on Reading, which describes a pond that will never be exhausted, stale, dirty and deep because of the continuous injection of "flowing water from the source". But the square pond in the poem is not only a natural square pond, but also contains the author's reading experience, thus forming the artistic conception of this poem, which not only gives readers beautiful enjoyment, but also gives readers philosophy.