.Overall grasp
1. Grasp the plot
My father felt that the stairs in his house were low, and he looked at other people's high stairs with envy. He was not willing to be inferior to others, and he made great ambitions to build a new house with high stairs. My father was as strong as an ox and hardworking. He believed in his own strength and made up his mind to start the long preparation. He worked hard all year round, prepared for most of his life, and saved a lot of money. Finally, he built a new house with nine steps. His lifelong wish came true, and his joy was indescribable. The price my father paid for this was heavy: the new house was built, the man grew old, and his body collapsed.
2. Characteristics of the "Father" Image
To explore the character image, you should list the key points of the character's thoughts and personality one by one according to the plot of the story during the reading process, and then think about it as a whole and sort it out to see what the character is. core.
My father is a very strong farmer. He is ambitious and unwilling to be inferior to others. He wants to stand on his own in a respected rank. He has long-term goals in life. He has the spirit of the Foolish Old Man to move mountains and the perseverance. will.
My father is an honest and kind farmer. He builds up his family and business through honest labor and is not afraid of hardships. At the same time, my father has the humility unique to traditional Chinese farmers. When the nine steps were built, he was too embarrassed to sit on them.
3. Grasp the meaning
① From the perspective of the hierarchy of human needs: Everyone has the need to gain respect from society and others. Improving status and winning respect is the father's greatest wish.
American psychologist Maslow proposed the hierarchy of human needs theory, believing that human needs have five levels, namely: physiological needs, safety needs, love needs, esteem needs and self-actualization needs.
Building new houses is, of course, first of all to improve living conditions. But buildings, no matter how big or small, have a human dimension. As large as the Forbidden City, everything shows the supremacy of imperial power; as small as residential buildings, "the higher the steps, the higher the status of the owner of the house." This novel focuses on the steps and writes about the father's request for the steps, which is a request for status and a request for respect. The need for respect is at the fourth level, a higher level need. My father's lifelong struggle is to win respect.
People's needs are always within the scope of their own vision and arise from comparison. My father looked at other people's homes with high steps, and his eyes were so focused. He envied the grandeur, and he sighed, "The steps in our home are low!" The need for respect gave him hope and ideals.
Human needs are based on realistic possibilities. However, the realistic possibility is not just that it may not be possible in a year or two. It can be realized after a long period of struggle, and it is also a realistic possibility. My father used his strength to build a new house with high steps, which was a lofty ideal. In his blood is our nation’s spirit of hard work and perseverance.
Once a need is satisfied, there is a sense of happiness. People are in high spirits during happy events. See how excited my father was during those days when he was building a house. When he was building steps, he set off firecrackers. "He seemed to feel that many eyes were looking at him." His "respect needs" were satisfied, and his heart was filled with joy.
②From the perspective of the level of productivity development: The reason why it is so difficult for my father to start a business is because of the low level of productivity.
Although this novel praises his father's perseverance and hard work, there is also a sad and bitter emotion that envelopes the whole story.
The new house built by my father is not very high-standard, but the foundation is higher and the steps are increased from three to nine. But he worked hard for most of his life. When I was young, I could carry a 300-kilogram stone slab three times without feeling that it took much effort. New houses are built, people grow old and their bodies fail.
The novel tells us that the reason why it is so difficult for my father to start a business is that the economy is backward. The source of cash income is cutting firewood. I get up early and stay in the dark for a day to cut firewood, and I only get one yuan and fifty cents. Many building materials are picked up. His accumulation was so difficult. In the final analysis, it is because the rural economy is extremely backward.
The novel uses his father's son as the narrator of the story. It begins with a description of how his father is extremely powerful and as strong as an ox. At the end of the chapter, it is written that his father's waist is too weak and he can no longer even carry water. My father works hard all year round and is reluctant to spend any money. He even washes his feet only once a year. How difficult his life is! The novel deeply echoes the call of the times. The hope of hundreds of millions of farmers lies in advanced productivity, which can quickly change the countryside. The backward appearance puts an end to the days of old cows pulling broken carts.
2. Problem Research
1. Why did the author use so much ink on the third-grade bluestone slabs of the old house?
The title of this novel is "Stairs". It is useful to start with the steps of an old house in many ways.
First, by writing about the origins of the three bluestone slabs, you can tell how strong the father was back then. When writing about the new house later, the stone slabs were held back, creating a contrast between the front and back.
Second, the roughness of the writing slate can imply that the economic conditions were worse that year.
Third, write "I" jumping up and down on the steps, indicating that I was young at that time, and when the new house was built, "I have grown up", indicating that it took a long time before and after preparing to build the house. Twenty years. It is written that a child can jump three levels in a row, which shows how low the level is. He writes about his father's sitting posture on the steps, and also writes about the lowness of the steps.
Fourth, writing about the father’s feet depicts the image of the father’s hard work all year round and also illustrates the poverty of the family.
2. "My father was sitting in the green shade. He could see the high steps of other people's houses. There were several willow trees planted there. The willow branches were always swaying here and there, but they could not shake my father's focused gaze. At this time, pieces of dry smoke were floating in the air. "Floating around my father's head." What kind of thoughts and feelings does this description convey about the father? Why not psychological description?
This novel is written in the first person. It is not allowed to write about other people’s psychological activities. It can only describe God in form. When my father smoked, he looked intently at the high steps of other people's houses. He envied and yearned for them. He was planning how to speed up preparations and strive to build a new house with high steps as soon as possible. It would be as grand and enviable as other people's houses.
3. Why is the main project of the new house written briefly, but the steps are detailed? What's the characteristic of my father's expression when he sets off firecrackers?
The details are determined by the center. The title is "Stairs", so the main project can be sketched, but the steps must be written in detail.
The father's expression is very distinctive. He has been struggling for most of his life. The tall steps are about to be built and the new house is about to be completed. The joy in his heart is indescribable. He has been honest and kind all his life and has a low eyebrow. When he is happy, he also looks happy. The author subtly describes how he is neither left nor right, which is different from usual and unique. He is at a loss. He cannot straighten his chest even if he wants to, and his smile is also an awkward smile. This look of joy is very personal.
4． Why "when I came back, I looked like I had lost something"? How to understand this mentality?
My father has worked all his life, and labor is life. In his spiritual world, labor is creation, labor is rewarding, and labor embodies its own value. Once he cannot work, he loses everything, so Feeling like something is missing.