? I want to know the following questions:
? 1. Their life experience;
? 2. What works did they write?
? How can all three sisters write masterpieces handed down from generation to generation?
? 4. What do future generations think of their works?
? The teacher's original intention is to let us analyze a writer or work with the help of modern tools-big data software, but I have never been exposed to this knowledge before, and I have made an inquiry about big data on the Internet, but those knowledge are too professional for me to understand. I turned to my mother again (my father was too busy to help me). My mother said that she had never been exposed to this knowledge before. She specially searched and consulted others on the Internet, and learned about Tableau, Microsoft, BDP, big data magic mirror, etc., but it was not easy to learn these in a short time (or the knowledge reserve was insufficient, so we have to learn too much, so we have to refuel). So I decided to make it simple and solve my problems with the help of Baidu and Excel based on my ability.
? Around my questions, I conducted a targeted search on the Internet, mainly on sogou, Baidu and Zhihu platforms. After I got the relevant information, I extracted, analyzed and integrated it, and the main results are as follows:
Three sisters were born in a village in the north of England. My mother died young, my father was a priest and my family was poor. Charlotte is the third child, with two older sisters (premature death, underage). Charlotte has a younger brother Branwell, Emily is the fifth child, and Anne is the youngest sixth child. Charlotte Bronte and her two sisters, emily bronte and Anne Bronte, are called "Bronte Three Sisters" because of their outstanding achievements in the history of English literature. The following are introduced respectively:
? Charlotte was born in 1816. In 1824, Charlotte, her two sisters and Emily were sent to Covent Bridge Girls' Boarding School, a charity institution for orphans of clergy. The living conditions there were extremely bad, and her two sisters Maria and Elizabeth died of lung disease. So Charlotte and her sister Emily returned to their hometown and spent their childhood in the desolate Yorkshire mountains. At the age of 15, she went to the school run by Miss Wooler and worked as a teacher in this school a few years later. Later, she worked as a governess, but because she couldn't stand the discrimination and meanness of the lady and Miss Kuo, she gave up the way of making a living as a governess.
? She had planned to run her own school, so she went to Italy with Emily to study French and German with the help of her aunt. However, because no one came to study, the school failed. However, her experience of studying in Italy inspired her strong desire to express herself and urged her to devote herself to the road of literary creation.
? In the autumn of 1845, she accidentally read some poems written by her sister Emily, and it suddenly occurred to her that the three sisters could combine a book of poems. So after they discussed it, each of them took out some poems and put them together, and published a book of poems at their own expense with some money left by menstruation, who had died at that time. Instead of their real names, they used three pseudonyms: Kohler Bell, Ellis Bell and acton Bell. Although their poems were beautifully written, no one paid attention to them, and only two copies were sold after publication.
? However, in any case, the publication of poems is always a big event for them. Their creative enthusiasm was stimulated, so the three sisters began to bury themselves in writing novels again.
? By this time, Charlotte was thirty years old. It took her nearly a year to write a novel named Teacher. Sister Emily and Anne M wrote the novels Wuthering Heights and Agnes Gray respectively. They sent three novels to the publisher together. Soon, the publisher replied that Wuthering Heights and Agnes Gray had been accepted, but Charlotte's Teacher would be returned.
this is a big blow to Charlotte. But instead of flinching, she began to write another novel with a sigh of relief. This is Jane Eyre.
Most of the characters and plots in Jane Eyre are experienced or familiar to her in her life. Besides, she is full of passion, so her writing progress is very fast, and she finished writing in less than a year. After the manuscript was handed in, the publisher was greatly surprised and read it all night. Finally, the publisher decided that it was a masterpiece and decided to publish it immediately. In this way, two months later, "Jane Eyre" came out, and the works of the two sisters were still in printing.
? Soon, all three works of the three sisters came out. At that time, the British literary world was shocked, because the three novels of the three sisters were all excellent, especially Charlotte's Jane Eyre, which caused a sensation. People were talking about this novel in the streets and lanes, and people were asking and speculating everywhere. Who was the author?
? The success of the three Bronte sisters in literary creation has brought great joy to the Bronte family. But soon, a series of unfortunate events happened at home. In September 1848, their younger brother fell ill and died. Three months later, Emily contracted tuberculosis and died one after another. Charlotte was worried that her little sister Anne would catch it, too. Unfortunately, that's what happened. Anne died after being ill for five months.
Charlotte was devastated. Only by devoting herself to writing can she temporarily forget her inner grief. She buried herself in writing the novel Shelley, which was completed in August 1849 and published in October. Shelley made her a great success again. After that, she went to London. During her years in London, she met many writers, the most famous of which were Thackeray and Mrs Gaskell. Thackeray spoke highly of her works, and she dedicated the second edition of Jane Eyre to Thackeray to show her respect for this famous writer. Mrs Gaskell became her best friend, and they used to be very close. She also finished and published the novel villette.
? In 1854, at the age of 38, Charlotte finally overcame the opposition of her stubborn father and married the Reverend Abeni Coles. The belated love brought her comfort and joy, but the happiness after marriage was so short-lived. One day six months later, Charlotte and her husband went to the depths of the wasteland several miles away from home to watch the mountain stream waterfall. On their way home, they were caught in the rain and suffered from cold. Since then, they have been ill. On March 23rd, 1855, 39-year-old Charlotte unfortunately passed away with an unborn baby.
? She is the oldest of the three sisters, and her father is a poor priest. Thanks to one of their small assets, menstruation, they funded their schooling and left them property. Later, the three sisters used part of this property to publish their first poetry collection at their own expense. As a child, Charlotte often wrote some strange stories with other brothers and sisters in small books. Based on their parents' inherited talent and their acquired efforts, the three sisters are all good at writing. In 1847, they all published novels, and Charlotte published Jane Eyre. Charlotte worked as a teacher and tutor, and also went to Brussels, Belgium to study French and classical literature with her sister Emily in 1842. Charlotte's works mainly describe the loneliness, resistance and struggle of poor petty bourgeoisie, and belong to the "excellent school" headed by Dickens, which Marx called. Jane Eyre is her first novel and masterpiece, and it is still welcomed by readers. In fact, the three Bronte sisters loved writing since childhood, and often wrote some novels about the count together in this book, but they were all lost in the future. Charlotte also published poems. Her other novels are Shirley (1849), villette (1853) and The Teacher (1857). Among them, villette can be regarded as her personal novel autobiography, which is very similar to her life experience. This naturally frail woman writer is a bright pearl in the 19th century English literature.
Novel:
1847: Jane Eyre)
1849: Shirley)
1853: Villette)
1857: The Professor)
? Although Charlotte Brontexq only wrote four novels in her life (namely, The Teacher, Jane Eyre, Shelley and villette, among which The Teacher was published after her death), she has a very important position in the history of literature. In her novels, the most prominent theme is women's strong desire for independence. This theme can be said to be tenaciously expressed in all her novels, and taking the voice of women as the theme of the novel is unprecedented in the history of English literature before her-she is the first person to express this theme.
? In addition, her novels have another feature, that is, the characters and plots are closely related to her own life, so they have a strong lyrical color. The theme of women and lyrical style are the basic features of Charlotte Brontexq's creation, which is also her influence on later British and American writers. Later writers are influenced by her to varying degrees when dealing with women's themes, especially women writers who care about women's own destiny, and respect her as a pioneer and regard her works as a model of "modern women's novels"
? In the previous introduction to Charlotte, we learned about the other two sisters. Let's make a brief supplement.
? Emily bronte (1818 ~ 1848) was a British woman writer. Charlotte Brontexq's sister, anne bronte's sister. Born in a poor priest's family, I studied in a boarding school with poor living conditions, and went to Brussels, Belgium with my sister to study French, German and French literature, preparing to run my own school in the future, but I didn't get it. Emily is introverted, quiet and elegant, and has loved writing poetry since childhood. In 1846, the three sisters published a book of poems at their own expense. Wuthering Heights is her only novel, published in December 1847. The three novels of the three sisters-Charlotte's Jane Eyre, Emily's Wuthering Heights and Agnes Gray, the younger sister Anne, were published in the same year. Besides Wuthering Heights, Emily also wrote 193 poems, which is regarded as a talented female writer in Britain.
Wuthering Heights is emily bronte's masterpiece. Through a love tragedy, this novel shows people a picture of life in a deformed society, and outlines the human nature distorted by this deformed society and all kinds of terrible events caused by it. It is regarded as one of the strangest and most powerful novels in the history of English novels. This tragic novel describes the story that Heathcliff, a gypsy outcast, went out to get rich because of humiliation and unsuccessful love after being adopted by the old owner of the villa, and retaliated against Linton, the landlord who married Catherine, and his children when he came back. The plot of the whole story is actually spread out gradually through four stages:
? The first stage describes Heathcliff and Catherine's childhood life; The special feelings formed by an abandoned child and a young lady in this special environment, and their resistance to Hindley's tyranny.
? The second stage focuses on Catherine's abandonment of Heathcliff and becoming the mistress of Thrushcross Grange because of vanity, ignorance and ignorance.
? In the third stage, a lot of pen and ink are used to describe how Heathcliff turned hatred into revenge and action in despair.
? In the fourth stage, although Heathcliff's death is only explained, it highlights a brand-new change in his mind after he learned that Hareton and Katie were in love-the recovery of human nature, which makes this horrible love tragedy reveal a comforting light of hope.
? Therefore, Heathcliff's love-hate-revenge-recovery of human nature is not only the essence of the novel, but also a main thread throughout. According to this context, the author plans the layout of the article and makes the scene unpredictable. Sometimes, in the wilderness where the clouds are overcast and the ghosts are crying, and sometimes in the courtyard where the wind is crazy and the rain is sudden and gloomy, the story is always shrouded in a mysterious and horrible atmosphere. ?
? Wuthering Heights is a great work, and it is also known as "the most peculiar novel". But as Arnold keitel said: "Heathcliff's resistance is a special kind of resistance, which is the resistance of workers who are physically and mentally degraded by the conditions and social relations of the same society.
? Nowadays, whenever we talk about western European literature in the 19th century in the world literary world for many years, Wuthering Heights is bound to be discussed. Many famous critics and novelists have written articles on it. For example, Virginia Woolf, a famous British woman writer, wrote Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights in 1916. She made a comparison between the two books. She wrote:
? "When Charlotte writes, she says' I love',' I hate' and' I suffer' with eloquence, brilliance and enthusiasm. Her experience, though strong, is on the same level as our own. But there is no' I', no governess and no boss in Wuthering Heights. There is love, but it is not the love of men and women. Emily was inspired by some common ideas, and the impulse to create was not her own suffering or her own damage. She looked at a divided world and felt that she had the strength to piece it together in a book. That kind of ambition can be felt in all novels-a kind of struggle with grand beliefs, although some of them are frustrated. Through the mouth of her characters, not only' I love' or' I hate', but also' we, all mankind' and' you, the eternal power ...' are not finished. "
Arnold keitel, a British progressive critic, made a long comment on Wuthering Heights in the third part of his book An Introduction to English Novels, and he concluded:
? Wuthering Heights expresses people's spiritual oppression, tension and conflicts in the capitalist society in the 19th century in the form of artistic imagination. This is a film with no idealism, no false comfort, and no hint that the power to manipulate their fate is beyond the reach of human struggle and action. The powerful call to nature, wilderness and storm, stars and seasons is the basis of enlightening life.