Teaching assumption
Ascending the Mountain is a seven-character poem, which realizes the high unity of subjective feelings and objective images. The author focuses his feelings on the two most imaginative and associative images, Autumn and River. Poetry is full of the poet's concern for the fate of the country and the bitterness of his personal life. Therefore, in the teaching of this class, under the premise of understanding the poet's life experience and writing background, students should be guided to taste the language, perceive the image and enter the poet's inner world. On the basis of understanding poetry, read the text affectionately. Analysis of learning situation
Senior one students' understanding of poetry is still superficial, and they are often only satisfied with reciting and memorizing, without paying attention to the image, artistic conception and emotion of poetry itself. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the training of students' reading of ancient poetry, so that they can learn to taste the artistic conception of poetry, and then grasp the ideological content expressed by poetry. Cultivate students' appreciation ability, let them feel the influence of the poet's emotion, so as to stimulate students' aesthetic interest and cultivate their appreciation habit of swimming.
Teaching objectives
I. Knowledge and ability
1. Understand Du Fu's life and the writing background of this poem; 2. Feel the poet's deep pain and endless sorrow; Second, the process and methods
1, master the basic methods of poetry recitation;
2. Master the skills of appreciating the artistic conception of poetry from images; Third, emotional attitudes and values
Walk into the poet's emotions and feel the poet's deep pain and endless sorrow. Teaching focus
On the basis of understanding poetry, taste and appreciate the language of poetry and understand the artistic characteristics of this poem, which is full of scenes and magnificent weather.
Teaching difficulties
In reading and reciting, feel the poet's sad inner world and appreciate the poet's unique aesthetic taste. Teaching methods include recitation, analysis, guidance and discussion. Teaching hours 1 lesson preparation
1, Du Fu's life experience
Du fu (7 12 ~ 770) was a poet in the Tang dynasty. Beautiful words. Originally from Xiangyang (now Hubei), he was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province. Because he once lived in Shaoling in the south of Chang 'an, he called himself "an old man in Shaoling" and was recommended as Yuan Wailang, a thrifty staff officer and proofreader of the Ministry of Industry in Chengdu. Later generations called it Du Shaoling and Du Gongbu. His poems profoundly reflect the social reality, so he is called "the history of poetry" and he is also called "the poet saint".
Du Fu was born in a family with literary tradition. He is the grandson of the famous poet Du Shenyan. He studied poetry at the age of 7 and became famous at the age of 15. After the age of 20, there are four periods.
(1) From the 19th year of Xuanzong Kaiyuan (73 1) to the 4th year of Tianbao (745), Du Fu lived a romantic life. He has roamed wuyue, Qi and Zhao successively. In the meantime, I failed to go to Luoyang to take the Jinshi exam. In three years, Tianbao became close friends with Li Bai in Luoyang. We broke up the next autumn and never met again. There are more than 20 poems of Du Fu in this period, most of which are five laws and five ancient poems, represented by Wang Yue. (no experience)
(2) From the fifth year to the fourteenth year of Tianbao (746-755), Du Fu was trapped in Chang 'an and was down and out. He kept offering promotions to his powerful people, but to no avail. It was not until October of the fourteenth year of Tianbao, a month before the Anshi Rebellion, that he got a small job of joining the army. Frustrated in his official career and hungry in life, he objectively realized the corruption of the rulers and the sufferings of the people, and gradually became a poet who cared about the country and the people. The creation has undergone profound and great changes. Twenty-two rhymes are Zhang by Wei Zuocheng, and two rhymes are Road, Military Vehicle Shop and Embankment.
(Worrying about the country and the people)
(3) From Su Zong to the first year of Germany (756) to the second year of Gan Yuan (759), the Anshi Rebellion was the most prosperous. Du Fu also experienced hardships, but his creative achievements were enormous. After the fall of Chang 'an, he went north to Lingwu to go to Suzong, but he was caught halfway, trapped by thieves for nearly half a year, and then fled from Chang 'an to Fengxiang Suzong, where he was picked up by Zuo. Soon, because of his direct advice, he almost died. After the recovery of Chang 'an, he returned to Beijing as his original post. In May 758, Foreign Minister Zhou Hua Sigong joined the army and bid farewell to Chang 'an. In 759, Du Fu, who was disappointed with politics, resigned and arrived in Chengdu at the end of the year. Write poems "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells".
(Realistic creation reached its peak)
(4) Du Fu spent eight years in Shu and three years in Jingxiang during the period from the first year of Shangyuan reign in Su Zong to the fifth year of Dali reign in Dai Zong (770) 1 1. In the spring of 760, he built a thatched cottage near Huanhuaxi, Chengdu, and lived intermittently for five years. In 765, after the death of Yanwu, Du Fu lost his support and left Chengdu with his family. Started a life of "wandering in the southwest between heaven and earth" and spent a lot of time on the boat. In the winter of 770, Du Fu died on a ship from Changsha to Yueyang at the age of 58.
On both sides of the Yellow River recovered by the imperial army, the book rose high, the autumn wind broke the thatched cottage, and Jiangcun climbed the Yueyang Tower (deeper in thought and more gloomy in poetic style).
2. Writing background
This poem was written by Du Fu in Kuizhou in the autumn of the second year of Dali (767). Kuizhou is located on the bank of the Yangtze River, at the mouth of Zhuantang Canyon. It is famous for its fast water, strong wind and many apes. This poem expresses not only the poet's personal misfortune. At that time, it had been four years since the Anshi Rebellion, but local warlords took advantage of the gap to compete for territory, causing social unrest and people's livelihood. In this situation, the poet had to continue to "wander between the southwest and heaven." His depression was caused by many factors, including the hardships of the times, the hardships of his family, personal illness and unfulfilled ambitions, and the successive deaths of his friends Li Bai, Gao Shi and Yanwu. In order to get rid of the depression that is always on his mind like a thick cloud, he came to power in spite of illness, but the bleak Jiangxia autumn scenery added new worries to him. teaching process
First, the introduction of new courses: (projection screen)
(Music, low-pitched, slow-spoken, full of feelings)/kloc-One autumn more than 200 years ago, around the Double Ninth Festival in early September. Kuizhou, by the Yangtze River. The wind blew so hard that the trees along the river withered. Leaves are flying in the sky, and the mountains are covered with rotten and yellow leaves. The river is tumbling and rushing forward. In the cold wind, there are several lonely birds hovering. From time to time in the distance, there were several calls of apes. At this time, an old man went up the mountain. He is in rags, his eyes are cloudy and his face is unkempt. The old man staggered and stumbled. He has been plagued by diseases, including lung disease, malaria and rheumatism. And it's already "dead right arm, half deaf."
The Double Ninth Festival is a festival for climbing and praying. However, the old man's life is bumpy and poor, and it seems that he has reached the winter of his life. Moreover, at this time, the country is in a state of war, and he is far away from his hometown and wandering alone.
Facing the Wan Li River, lonely birds and decaying dead trees, the old man was filled with all kinds of worries? Singing loudly: in the wild wind in the vast sky, apes are sobbing, and birds are flying home on the clear lake and white beach. The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably. Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness. Bitter and bitter, frosty temples, heartache and fatigue are a thick layer of dust in my wine.
Yes, so let's approach the old man and his life today and enjoy the famous poem "Climbing the Mountain" (projection project) that he left us more than 200 years ago.
Let's read it again with the music! (Music) II. Introduction
Introduction: Reading is the key to learning poetry. Reading can better understand the theme of poetry, understand the feelings that poets want to express, and appreciate poetry better. So how can we read better? (Projection reading essentials)
1, rational grasp: to understand the author of the poem and understand the connotation of the poem, we must go into the author's heart, write as he looks, and say as he looks.
2. Emotional expression: pronunciation, intonation, expression, movement and music. 3. Appreciate the text.
1, the first line of taste-"Apes whimper in the high wind in the sky, birds return on the white sand in clear lake" Introduction: The first line of this poem * * * wrote six kinds of scenery: wind, sky, apes, Zhu, sand and birds. They are described as "urgent", "high", "sad", "clear", "white" and "flying back". Write six kinds of scenery in fourteen words, which is extremely concise.
Hurricane: It makes people feel very cold. Both physically and mentally. But more importantly, it is spiritual. The sky is high and the clouds are light; It seems that people in the world are very small and lonely. Mourning apes; It makes people feel sad to hear its cry.
Bird: It can be a bird that can't find food. Because it is late autumn, there is little food. It can also be a bird that can't find a home. It is wandering around, looking for its own nest. It may also be a bird that has lost contact with the flock. When appreciating, we should dare to expand our imagination and use our imagination to fill the blank left by poetry. In a word, is this a happy bird? This is a lonely and painful bird.
We can't imagine it is a happy bird, we can only think of it as one, not many. This is because we are all imagining Du Fu's situation at the moment. At this point, Du Fu is wandering alone.
2. Taste couplets-"Leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, while I watch the long river roll forward."
The jaw association only wrote two kinds of scenery: fallen trees and the Yangtze River. From falling trees to missing trees, from trees and people, we should still associate Du Fu's current situation. Du Fu must have thought he was like a tree when he saw the fallen leaves. He is very old. People arrive in the late autumn of life. Life is short. It's a hundred years in a flash. Du Fu was born in 7 12, died in 770, and lived for 58 years. When he wrote this poem, he was 55 years old in 767, three years before his death.
If "the fallen trees are rustling" means that life is short, then "the Yangtze River is endless"? It should be the infinity of time and the endless sense of the long river of history. "A river's water never returns, the waves are exhausted, and it's a romantic figure through the ages." Summarize the meaning of these two sentences, compare and set off. The shorter a person's life, the longer history and time appear. Or conversely, the longer history and time, the shorter life. "Human life" refers to individual life. Life is a hundred years, and mountains and rivers last forever.
In the second sentence, Du Fu felt a little helpless in the face of endless history. There is also a great momentum. But at the same time, as a realistic poet and a broad-minded intellectual, he is helpless and can't understand the shortness of life, and he doesn't want to violate the laws of nature and pray for immortality. He knows that no matter when people live, they will inevitably die. This is an inevitable law. Therefore, he feels open-minded, magnanimous and open-minded.
3. Feeling the Neck Couplet-"A frequent visitor to Wan Li in autumn, who has been worried with me for a hundred years, has climbed this high alone."
Wandering around the rivers and lakes, involuntarily, ill-fated and difficult to return home, this is the sorrow of "Wan Li"; For several years in a row, it is the sorrow of "regular customers" to be on and off, with less joy and more pain. Life is short, troubled, old, weak and sick, which is the sorrow of "being sick"; Climbing high and overlooking, thinking about the wind, heaven and earth are Confucianism, which is the sorrow of "loneliness"; Down and out, hard, bitter, worried about white hair, and not many years later, this is the sadness of "frost temples"; When the situation is turbulent and the people are devastated, they are helpless when they are worried about the country and the people. This is the sorrow of "home country"; Wandering in a foreign land, being sick and disabled, drinking because of illness, only increasing sorrow and provoking hatred, this is the sorrow of "drinking." ..... all this is full of sadness and hatred. "You always cut, or will be very confused. It is a feeling of parting, especially in my heart. "
"Hundred years" is old, dragging the sick body, and it is eight layers of sorrow. 4. Feel the tail connection-"bad luck frost temples, heartache tired wine thick dust"
What is the most fundamental reason for Du Fu's sadness? (the national disaster is at the head, and it is war for years. Because of hardship, pain and hatred, my temple is gray. ) bitter, what do you mean? I hate it when the country is in a difficult situation. I am old and my temples are gray. Bitterness means extreme. This shows Du Fu's concern for the country and people. Du Fu wanted to contribute to the country and let go of the war, but he was too old and ill to contribute to the country. It's a worrying emotion, anxiety. Anxiety, only white hair, frosty temples. The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak. "Suffering" refers not only to the suffering of the country, but also to the suffering of the individual. Because Du Fu is "a hundred years old" at this time, that is, in his later years, and he is sick all over, it is estimated that he may not live long, so the old man Du Fu at this time should pay more attention to the hardships and hardships of his life. Wandering from place to place, bumpy and difficult-almost always accompanied Du Fu's life. There are both national difficulties and personal sufferings, both of which exist. He is worried about his country, his people and his health. One of Du Fu's unique features should be emphasized in particular, that is, many intellectuals in ancient times often took "if they are rich, they will help the world; if they are poor, they will help the world" as their life criterion, while Du Fu helped the world regardless of poverty.
Introduction: Du Fu loves drinking very much. This is not the first time that we have written about drinking in Du Fu's poems. You can also give some examples of drinking, "In the green spring, when I go home, I sing my songs loudly and drink my wine." In Du Fu's poem "Nine Days", there is "Chongyang drinks a glass of wine alone, and when he is ill, he goes to the river to get Taiwan". Du Fuke also drinks, and troubles also drink. In China, it seems that only wine can fully express feelings of joy or change. And it's the Double Ninth Festival, and I'm used to drinking chrysanthemum wine. But old people can't drink. Because he has a variety of diseases, such as lung disease, he quit drinking because of illness, and because of poverty, he may not be able to drink. Only by drinking can we at least dispel some melancholy emotions. But you can't drink. How can we get rid of this gloom and how can we alleviate it? -only at the end of the poem, in Du Fu's heart.
Writing on the blackboard: emotional suggestion:
The first couplet is sad and lonely, the couplet is depressed and high, the neck couplet is sad, and the tail couplet is angry and helpless.
Third, migration and extension, improve the ability.
Introduction: Autumn is a rich season, a sad season and a season full of imagination. Scholars throughout the ages have written many poems that hurt, feel or praise autumn to express their feelings and understanding of autumn. In a large number of "sad autumn" poems, there are three kinds of feelings that stand out:
1, expressing the pain of parting and missing.
The bleak autumn colors often evoke the homesickness of wanderers, and the unique autumn festivals such as Qixi, Mid-Autumn Festival and Chongyang are more likely to make people sad.
"A person is a stranger in a foreign land and misses his relatives on holidays." (Wang Wei's "Shanjiesi Shandong Brothers") "A wanderer heard the drums, which was the first call of Qiuyan at the border. He knows that the dew will be frost tonight, and how bright the moonlight is at home! "(Du Fu's Moonlit Night Remembering Brothers)" In the atrium, there are crows in the white tree and silent and wet osmanthus in the cold dew. The moon is full tonight, and I don't know who Qiu Si is. " (Wang Jian's "Sending a Doctor to Du Langzhong on the 15th Night of Full Moon")
"I hope people will live for a long time, thousands of miles away." (Su Dongpo's Water Tune? When did the moon begin to appear? )
In addition, there are many autumn images commonly used in classical poetry to express homesickness and parting pain, such as chrysanthemum wine, phoenix tree and flying geese in the south.
"Go to the wilderness in the south, because the leaves are falling, and the wind from the north makes the water cold. I remember my home; However, the bend of the Xiangjiang River is surrounded by clouds in the south of the Yangtze River. " (Meng Haoran's "Early Cold Feeling") "Old and old, I miss my hometown in autumn." (Liu Changqing's "Looking at the Temple of General Wu in Autumn") "Seeing guests off on Xunyang River at night, maple leaves and rushes rustling in the autumn wind." "The east ship is silent, the west ship is silent, and we see the white autumn moon entering the river." (Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip)
"It's chilling and sad ... affectionate and sad since ancient times, and the autumn season is even more worthy of being left out!" (Liu Yong's "Yulinling") 2. Explain that the situation is sad and the fate is endless.
Sad and disappointed poets are often moved by the bleak, cold and desolate autumn, which leads to endless sadness.
"Singing in the west, thinking in the south." (Luo "Political Prisoner Listening to Cicada") "People are cold oranges and pomelo, and autumn is an old phoenix tree. Whoever goes to the North Building appreciates the wind. " (Li Bai's "Qiu Deng Xuancheng Xie Tiao North Building")
"I watched the autumn moon on the deck and thought of the old general Xie in vain." (Li Bai's "Night Sleeping in Niuzhu") 3. Sigh that the hero is late and life is short.
Everything withers in autumn, which easily evokes the inner voice of poets who have experienced all kinds of hardships or are old.
"Bai Yunfei autumn wind, yellow vegetation, geese south. ..... when will you be young? " (Liu Che's autumn wind poem)
"The scenery in Qiu Lai is different, and Hengyang geese walk carelessly ... The general has white hair and tears." (Fan Zhongyan's "Fisherman's Pride") Fourth, class summary
Whether it's scenery writing or lyricism, it's all about sadness. Throughout the ages, Du Fu has shouldered all the responsibilities of life experience, honor and disgrace of his home country, ups and downs of the world, gains and losses of people's hearts, how much grief and hatred, how much hardship and hardship. He is like a giant with indomitable spirit, shouldering endless sadness. We are surprised that life is so heavy and tragic!
Five, homework 1, choose to do the problem:
(1) adapted the poem Up the Mountain into a modern poem. (2) Write a poem with the theme of "Sad Autumn".
Requirements: ① Pay attention to the rhythm when writing poetry; ② Choose vivid images when writing poems; (3) Writing poems should be rich in connotation; (4) Write poetry with abundant feelings.
2. Recite the mountain.