The whole poem clearly shows three levels.
The first four sentences generally describe the festival characteristics of autumn and its reflection on people's psychology. The first two sentences first describe the chilling atmosphere of autumn. "Mid-Autumn Moon" is the eighth month of the lunar calendar and is a typical autumn day. At this time, the weather turns cooler, frost and dew gradually appear, and everything withers away, so it is named "Desolate". "_The violent wind and clouds are high" means that at this time of year, the clouds are clear and the sky is high, and the autumn wind is blowing. "_戾" is the sound of wind. Such a bleak season will naturally have a psychological impact on people: "The feeling of living in the mountains changes with time, and the distant visitors sing long songs." People living in the mountains will be the first to feel the changes in the time sequence; those who travel far away can easily feel desolate. I feel so homesick and homesick that I want to sing loudly to relieve the depression in my heart. This layer writes the overall impression of autumn and prepares the detailed description of autumn scenery later.
The next six sentences are the second level of meaning, writing about the seasonal changes you feel. "The cold wind accumulates in the sparse forest, and the sky condenses in the empty sky." It means that cold wind blows constantly in the sparse forest, and thick clouds gather on the empty mountains. This is a change in the mountain forest. "The clear dew sprinkles on the courtyard forest, and the dense leaves leave the branches" means that the heavy dew falls on the trees in the courtyard, and the dense leaves fall from the lush branches. This is the change in the courtyard. Although this ruthless chilling atmosphere is irresistible, the time and degree of devastation of various scenery are different. That is because their respective qualities and resistance capabilities are different, so I added two sentences immediately. : "When caressing a fungus, it will fall first in sorrow; when a pine is envy, it will wither." Fungus is a plant with a very short lifespan. "Zhuangzi" once said that "the fungus in the morning does not know the dark moon", so the author felt sad when he caressed it. The green pine is not afraid of the cold, and the autumn air does not harm it, so the author can't help but climb its branches and leaves and cast an envious gaze. Although the scenes written on this level are common sights in front of him, the depictions are detailed and vivid, and the poet was also moved by feelings of sadness and envy, which shows that he did not observe this "time change" with the cold eyes of a philosopher. It is experienced with the emotion of the poet, that is to say, the poet painted the desolate picture of this autumn with a warm heart, so it is full of rich poetic flavor.
Pine and cypress are symbols of noble quality. The poet is envious of pines in the first sentence. Although he is describing a scene, his personal aspirations and interests have been revealed. The next four sentences smoothly transition to expressing his own emotions. "Fishing in the forest, friendship is far away from the city." It means: In these autumn days, even though nature is so bleak, I am still willing to throw myself into its embrace, go fishing in the wild by the forest from afar, and communicate with the court and the court. Markets, places where fame and fortune are fought for, are cut off. Why is this so? Because "Indifferent to the ancient mind, how far away is the moon", which means: as long as we look at the complicated world indifferently, do not ask for others, do not be harsh on ourselves, and maintain the mind of ancient people, then we will be comfortable with inaction. The realm is not far away. The allusion to "Haoshang" comes from the "Autumn Waters" chapter of "Zhuangzi". It is written that Zhuangzi and Hui Shi were wandering on Haoshang (in today's Fengyang, Anhui) and saw minnows swimming calmly, which aroused the question of whether the fish knew whether Knowing that there was a happy debate, later generations referred to Haoshang as a place for leisure and leisure, and said that advocating Laoshang and Zhuangzi was the style of Haoshang. These two sentences are words for talking about metaphysics, and they are also the purpose of the whole article. Taoists believe that all social norms such as etiquette, music and morality, as well as people's organized actions and interactions, are stifling of human nature. Therefore, they must get rid of the shackles of all systems and civilizations, and regard letting one's emotions suit one's will and returning to one's true nature as the ideal. A lifelong goal. It is this spirit that is celebrated here.
Although Sun Chuo's poem also involves metaphysics, it is not indifferent. First of all, the author introduces the praise of the wind on the sea through the description of the autumn scene and the resulting feelings of sadness and envy. This is a commonly used satirical comparison method in the art of poetry, so it naturally has Artistic appeal. Secondly, the metaphysics involved in this poem does not explain the specific teachings of Taoism, but only expresses a feeling of surrender to Taoism. Expressing emotions is the bounden duty of poetry, and the poetic feeling and flavor come from this. This is why this poem is not lacking in poetry. The reason for the smell.
Of course, although this poem also writes more about landscapes and autumn colors in the woods, it does not use sightseeing as a process and means of describing scenery, nor does it use natural scenery as the main subject of aesthetic appreciation. object, so it still belongs to metaphysical poetry and is not yet a landscape poem. However, Sun Chuo himself loved landscapes, and his ability to describe them was superb (for example, his "Tiantai Mountain Ode" was written very resonantly), and he "borrowed landscapes to resolve their frustrations" ("Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Poems on March 3rd" "), so the natural scenery (including mountains and rivers) in his poems should be viewed in a different light. This poem uses the autumn scenery to express his yearning for the wind on Haoshang, which is to resolve the depression in his heart. This is very similar to the landscape poetry that emerged after "Lao Zhuang resigned". To be more clear, metaphysics, which is called empty and vain, also has its side of focusing on the way of nature and the harmony between man and nature. As a form of metaphysical poetry, metaphysical poetry also has a tendency to focus on understanding metaphysics from nature - mountains and rivers, that is, to try to achieve harmony between natural scenery and human thoughts. It is the continuous development and extension of this tendency that finally led to landscape poetry with landscape as the focus and metaphysics relegated to the "tail". In Sun Chuo's poem, although clarifying mystical principles is still the main purpose of the poem, talking about mystical principles is already the "tail" in terms of length. Therefore, it would be realistic to say that this poem contains some elements or germs of landscape poetry.