Qu Yuan [1] (340 BC to 278 BC), whose surname was Qu, given name Ping, and the courtesy name Yuan; he also named himself Zhengze, with the courtesy name Lingjun. Han nationality, a native of Danyang, Chu State during the Warring States Period, a native of Zigui [1] County, Yichang City, Hubei Province today, and a descendant of Qu Xia, the son of Xiong Tong, King Wu of Chu. Claiming to be a descendant of Zhuan Xu, he advocated uniting Qi to resist Qin and advocated "beautiful politics".
Qu Yuan is one of China's greatest patriotic poets and the earliest known famous poet, thinker and great politician in our country. He founded the literary style of "Chu Ci" (that is, he created the literary style of "Ci Fu") and also created the tradition of "vanilla beauty". "Li Sao", "Nine Chapters", "Nine Songs" and "Tianwen" are Qu Yuan's most important masterpieces. "Li Sao" is the longest lyric poem in my country. Qu Yuan's works seen in later generations all come from "Chu Ci" compiled by Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty. This book is mainly the work of Qu Yuan, including one chapter of "Li Sao" and eleven chapters of "Nine Songs" ("Taiyi of the Eastern Emperor", "Yun Zhongjun", "Xiangjun", "Mrs. Xiang", "Da Siming", "Shao Shao"). "Si Ming", "Dong Jun", "He Bo", "Mountain Ghost", "National Memorial", "Ritual Soul"), nine chapters of "Nine Chapters" ("Cherishing", "She Jiang", "Sorrowing", "Thinking", "Huaisha" "Thinking of Beauty", "Cherishing the Past", "Ode to Orange", "Sadness Returning to the Wind"), an article from "Tianwen" and so on.
In his early years, Qu Yuan was trusted by King Huai of Chu and served as Zuotu and Sanlu. He often discussed state affairs with King Huai, participated in the formulation of laws, advocated clear rules, promoted talents, reformed politics, and united the Qi Dynasty. Resist Qin. At the same time, he presides over foreign affairs. He advocated that Chu and Qi should unite and fight against Qin together. With Qu Yuan's efforts, Chu's national strength increased. However, due to his own upright character and the slander and exclusion of others, Qu Yuan was gradually alienated by King Huai of Chu. In 305 BC, Qu Yuan objected to King Chu Huai's signing of the Yellow Thorn Alliance with Qin, but Chu still completely fell into the arms of Qin. As a result, Qu Yuan was also expelled from Yingdu by King Huai of Chu and lived in northern Han Dynasty. Qu Yuan was expelled from Yingdu. During his exile, Qu Yuan felt depressed and began to create literature. His works were filled with his attachment to the Chu land and Chu Feng and his enthusiasm for serving the people and the country. His works have gorgeous words, strange imagination, novel metaphors and profound connotations, and have become one of the origins of Chinese literature. In 278 BC, Qin general Bai Qi sent his troops south and captured the capital of Ying. Qu Yuan, out of despair and grief, threw himself into the Miluo River with a large stone in his arms and died. In 1953, the 2230th anniversary of Qu Yuan's death, the World Peace Council passed a resolution identifying Qu Yuan as one of the four cultural celebrities in the world commemorated that year. Qu Yuan was an early homosexual, and his admiration for the King of Chu can be seen from his articles.
Note 1:
Recently, the research results submitted by the Qu Yuan Society of Hanshou County, Hunan Province on "The Theory of Qu Yuan's Hometown Hanshou" were appraised. After carefully reading the submitted materials and unearthed cultural relics After the introduction, we went to the ancient town of Canggang in Hanshou County for a field trip. The large number of Qu Yuan's remains and unearthed cultural relics, as well as the confirmation of descriptions related to Qu Yuan's works, made people feel that Qu Yuan's hometown is likely to be in Hanshou, at least "Qu Yuan's hometown". "In Han Shou" can be called a well-founded new theory.
[Edit this paragraph] Qu Yuan’s hometown
Zigui, Yichang[1] is the hometown of Qu Yuan, the great poet during the Warring States Period in my country, and is also one of the birthplaces of Chu culture. It is located at the foothills of Woniu Mountain on the north bank of the Yangtze River. It is surrounded by city walls and looks like a sloping gourd. It has a strong classical architectural style. Therefore, it is called "Gourd City". And because the city walls are made of stacked stones, it is also called "Stone City". Counties were first established in the Han Dynasty, and Guizhou was established in the Tang Dynasty. In the first year of the Republic of China, it was changed to Guizhou County, and in the third year of the Republic of China, it was changed to Zigui County, which is still in use today.
Most of the scenic spots in Zigui are related to Qu Yuan. Outside the east gate of Zigui County, there is a tall archway with the four words "Qu Yuan's Hometown" written in Guo Moruo's handwriting. There are two stone tablets next to it, respectively engraved with "Hometown of Qu Yuan, Doctor of Chu" and "Hometown of Wang Qiang, Zhaojun of Han Dynasty".
There is a beach between Zigui and Xiangxi. It is said that it is the burial place of Qu Yuan's body and was later named "Qu Yuantuo". There is Qu Yuan Temple on Tuoshang. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, it has been relocated and repaired several times. Later, due to the construction of the Gezhouba Water Conservancy Project and the rise in water levels, this temple was built in 1976. It is now located in Xiangjiaping, east of Zigui City. It was renamed "Qu Yuan Memorial Hall". Due to the construction of the Three Gorges Project, Qu Yuan Temple will be relocated again.
In Lepingli, there are many places of interest and legends about Qu Yuan, such as Xiangluping, Zhaomian Well, Reading Cave, and Three Corn Hills. The ancients once collected them as "Eight Scenes" and linked up a poem with the names of the sceneries: "The dragon subdues the tiger and roars from the sky, and the village drum rock is connected to the drum platform. The cold in the face of the well kills the courage, and the reading hole reveals the talented scholar. The corn on the hill is in line with the sentiment, and the languid Dropping pearls and shaking the valley, locking the water and returning to the bank of Longhan Ze, the three passes and eight scenery are more beautiful than Penglai."
Zigui is also the hometown of citrus with a long history. Qu Yuan once made a profound description of the image and character of the tangerine tree in his famous poem "Ode to the Orange". Today, Zigui has become one of the seven largest citrus production bases in my country. In late autumn, there are citrus groves everywhere, with green branches and leaves and saffron fruits, which is as picturesque as a poem.
There is another wonder worth mentioning in Qu Yuan’s hometown. The cattle here don't wear ropes, but they can obey commands. It is said that when Qu Yuan returned home from Chudu, when he was approaching the door of his house, the rope used by the waiter to pick up the slips broke. An old farmer immediately untied the cow-nose rope and gave it to him. From then on, the cattle here no longer use the cow-nose rope.
Qu Yuan was born in Leping, a place with beautiful mountains and clear waters. Qu Yuan was a far-sighted politician, the first great poet in the history of Chinese literature, and the "first romantic talent" in the Three Gorges.
He was worried about the country and the people, and finally threw himself into the Miluo River and died for his country. The glorious poems left by Qu Yuan, such as "Li Sao", "Nine Chapters" and "Nine Songs", are famous throughout the ages and are famous both at home and abroad.
[Edit this paragraph] Life
Family
Qu Yuan was born in a noble family of Chu State. Like the King of Chu, Qu Yuan had the same surname as Mi (mǐ), and later changed his surname. Xiong, the surname comes from the Zhu Rong clan of the Huangdi Zhuanxu system; the Mi ethnic group migrated from the Shang Dynasty to Chu in the south. When it was passed to Xiong Yi, he was granted the title of Chu by Zhou for his merits, and then lived in Danyang (which is now Zigui County, Hubei Province) . This is Qu Yuan's hometown. In the early Spring and Autumn Period, around the 7th century BC, the son of Xiong Tong, King Wu of Chu, was sealed in the place of "Qu" and named Qu Xia. His descendants took Qu as their surname. The family members of the King of Chu, similar to the Qu family, also include the Zhao family and the Jing family. Zhao, Qu, and Jing are the three major surnames of the Chu family. Qu Yuan once served as the official of Sanlu, and it is said that he was in charge of the affairs of the three surnames of the royal family.
Since Qu Yuan was the descendant of the King of Chu, which was called a "gong clan" or "gongshi" at that time, his relationship with the Chu State was of course unusual. The descendants of the Qu family, such as Qu Chong, Qu Wan, Qu Dao, Qu Jian, etc., all held important positions in the Chu State. Qu Yuan's father was Boyong. In Qu Yuan's generation, there were not many high-ranking officials in the Qu family, only Qu Yuan and Qu Gai, the general who was later captured by the Qin State. Qu Yuan's "Xi Chan" in "Nine Chapters" of Chu Ci once said: "Suddenly forgetting the lowliness and poverty of the body." It is likely that the noble family was already in decline at that time.
Birth
According to the results of many modern studies, Qu Yuan’s birth date probably did not occur between the twenty-seventh year (342 BC) and the thirtieth year (339 BC) of King Xuan of Chu. years). According to Jiazi's calculation, that year should be the year of Wuyin. What a coincidence that Qu Yuan was born not only in the year of Yin, but also in the month and day of Yin. According to the old saying in the Chinese calendar, "people are born in Yin", so Xia Zheng uses the month of Jian Yin (i.e. the first month) as the beginning of the year. Since Qu Yuan was born on the Yin day of the Yin year, it is truly in line with the "human" birth date. Therefore, Qu Yuan's famous work "Li Sao" said: "The photo of Ti Zhen was in Meng Zou Xi, but it was Geng Yin Wu who descended." This sentence means that in the first month of that year when the Tai Sui star met Yin [4], and it was also the day of Geng Yin, I was born from my mother’s body. It means that this year is the Yin year; Meng is the beginning, Shuo is the first month, and the lunar calendar uses the month of Jian Yin as the beginning of the year, indicating that the first month of this year is the Yin month; Geng Yin means that this day is the Yin day. Qu Yuan was born on the Yin day of the Yin month of the Yin year, which was a good day (according to calculations by Zou Hanxun and Liu Shipei using the Yin calendar and the Xia calendar, it was determined to be the 21st day of the first month of 343 BC. In the Qing Dynasty, Chen Jue used the weekly calendar to calculate it as 343 BC). the 22nd day of the first month of the year), currently generally set as 340 BC.
Naming
Qu Yuan felt that his birthday was a bit unusual, so he said in "Li Sao": "Huang Lan Kuiyu came here for the first time, and Zhao Xiyu praised his name. His name is Zhengzexi, and his courtesy name is Lingjun."
These four sentences mean: My father saw that my birth was extraordinary, so he gave me a good name. My name is "Ping" and my given name is "Yuan". When Wang Yi of the Eastern Han Dynasty explained Qu Yuan's name in "Zhang Ju", he said: "Zheng means peace; it means law." "Spirit means spirit; balance means harmony. The only person who can speak of Zhengping as the law is Heaven, which nourishes the balance of things." Those who adjust it should not rely on the earth."
That's why it is called "Ping Yifa Tian" and the word "originally Yifa Earth". Coupled with the year, month and day of his birth, literally, "ping" means justice, and Pingzheng is the symbol of the sky; "Yuan" means the wide and flat terrain [7], which is the symbol of the earth. Qu Yuan His birth date and name are in line with the three traditions of heaven, earth and man: "The sky is created by Zi, the earth is created by Chou, and people are born by Yin" [8]. This may seem like a coincidence today, but it was considered a good sign at the time.
The first Zuo Tu
Qu Yuan was an outstanding talent among the nobles of Chu State. Proficient in history, literature and mythology, with insight into the situation of various countries and the ways of governing the world; he is smart and eloquent. Sima Qian's "Historical Records" said that he was "well-informed and strong-willed" and "skilled in rhetoric." In his 20s, he became the disciple of King Huai of Chu. Zuo Tu was only one level lower than the Ling Yin of Chu State. He discussed state affairs with the King of Chu internally, issued orders, received guests externally, and responded to the marquis. The King of Chu trusted him very much and asked him to draft laws and sent him as an envoy to Qi to unite Qi against Qin. This shows that Qu Yuan was once an important official in the Chu State in charge of domestic and foreign affairs. However, his reform spirit and measures aroused the opposition and jealousy of the noble ministers of Chu State. Representatives of the opponents were King Huai of Chu's beloved concubine Zheng Xiu, his son Zilan, and Shangguan official Jin Shang. This group of people is short-sighted, jealous of the virtuous and harmful to the capable. They only want to protect their own aristocratic privileges, but they ignore the long-term interests of the country. But they were very powerful. They surrounded King Huai of Chu all day long and influenced King Huai's words and deeds. The confused King Huai of Chu believed the slander and gradually alienated Qu Yuan.
Expressing moods with poetry
From the sixth to the eighteenth year of King Qingxiang, the State of Chu was basically controlled by the State of Qin, bowing its head and obeying orders, not daring to move. Qu Yuan was heartbroken about this, but was powerless to do anything about it. Seeing that the country was getting weaker and the people's livelihood was becoming more difficult, he had no choice but to express his worries about the country and the people in poetry.
Periods of experience
Qu Yuan experienced three periods in his life: King Wei of Chu, King Huai of Chu, and King Qingxiang, and he was mainly active during the period of King Huai of Chu. This period was the eve of China's imminent unification. "Horizontally, he is the Emperor of Qin, and vertically, he is the King of Chu." Qu Yuan was born in a noble family, and he was good at managing chaos and adept at rhetoric. Therefore, he was deeply favored by King Huai of Chu in his early years. He was Zuotu and Sanlu doctor.
In order to realize the great cause of the unification of Chu State, Qu Yuan actively assisted King Huai to reform and strengthen himself internally, and firmly advocated uniting Qi to resist Qin externally, which made the Chu State become rich and powerful, and powerful among the princes. However, due to sharp conflicts between Qu Yuan and the decadent aristocratic group of Chu State in domestic and foreign affairs, and due to the jealousy of Shangguan officials and others, Qu Yuan was later framed by a group of villains and alienated by King Huai of Chu.
In the fifteenth year of King Huai (304 BC), Zhang Yi traveled from Qin to Chu and bribed Jin Shang, Zilan, Zheng Xiu and others with heavy sums of money to act as traitors. "Deceive King Huai, causing Qi and Chu to break off their diplomatic relations. After being deceived, King Huai became angry and sent troops to Qin twice, but was defeated miserably both times. So Qu Yuan was ordered to send an envoy to the state of Qi to restore the old friendship between Qi and Chu. During this period, Zhang Yi once again traveled from Qin to Chu to disintegrate the Qi-Chu alliance, which failed. In the twenty-fourth year of King Huai's reign, Qin and Chu formed an alliance with Huang Ji, and Chu State completely fell into the arms of Qin. Qu Yuan was also expelled from Yingdu and arrived in northern Han Dynasty.
In the 30th year of King Huai's reign, Qu Yuan returned to Yingdu. In the same year, Qin invited King Huai to meet at Wuguan. King Huai was detained by Qin and eventually died in Qin. After King Qingxiang came to the throne, he continued to implement the policy of surrender. Qu Yuan was expelled from Yingdu again and exiled to the south of the Yangtze River, wandering between Yuan and Xiang. Between two waters. In the 21st year of King Qingxiang's reign (278 BC), Qin general Bai Qi attacked the capital of Ying. Qu Yuan was so grief-stricken and indignant that he sank into the Miluo River, sacrificing his political ideals.
[Edit this paragraph] Current Situation
Since the Spring and Autumn Period, many small countries have been gradually annexed by big countries after long-term wars. By around 403 BC, a situation was formed in which seven great powers (Yan, Zhao, Wei, Han, Qi, Chu, and Qin) stood side by side and competed for supremacy. From then on until Qin unified the six kingdoms (221 BC), history calls these 180 years the Warring States Period. In this era, there were fierce struggles among various countries, successive attacks, and political turmoil. The poet Qu Yuan lived in the late Warring States period when society was undergoing great changes. The strength of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period is not balanced, and as the political and economic reforms of various countries continue to deepen, their strength continues to wax and wane. In the early Warring States period, Zhao, Wei, and Han implemented reforms in their economic and political systems, and they were once powerful. After Li Kui's reforms, Wei State became the most powerful country at that time.
Unfortunately, their reforms were not thorough, and coupled with the unfavorable terrain, they quickly declined again. The State of Yan is located in a remote corner of the north and is working hard to expand its territory in the northeast. After the abdication of King Kuai of Yan, some political reforms were carried out, but they were not fully completed, so "there are seven warring states in the world, but Yan is weak." It's just that they suffered less from the war and were able to stay on one side. The remaining three kingdoms of Qi, Chu and Qin were evenly matched at first.
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Chu State’s Internal Affairs and Diplomacy
Among the three countries of Qin, Chu, and Qi, Qin and Chu are the countries most likely to unify the six countries, and Qin has the advantage. Therefore, Chu State can only confront Qin State if it unites with Qi State. Only by destroying the alliance between Qi and Chu could Qin be able to establish alliances with distant and close enemies, defeat them one by one, and realize its great cause of unifying the six kingdoms. This was the diplomatic situation of Chu State in Qu Yuan's time; as far as Chu's internal affairs were concerned, in order to enrich the country and strengthen its army and defeat Qin, it was necessary to strengthen the rule of law, limit the privileges of the nobility, promote talents and develop economic strength. Qu Yuan advocated reform and opposed the corrupt aristocratic rule; he advocated alliance and insisted on the foreign policy of uniting Qi to resist Qin. It was based on the situation of the seven heroes fighting for hegemony in the Warring States Period and was the correct policy in line with the long-term interests of the Chu State.
[Edit this paragraph] Exile
The first exile
The place where Qu Yuan was exiled----Xu Pu The place where Qu Yuan was exiled----Xu Pu
(Northern Han Dynasty)
Qu Yuan was first exiled to the northern Han region to the upper reaches of the Han River in the sixteenth year of King Huai of Chu (313 BC), in order to defeat Chu and Qi. Alliance, Qin State sent Zhang Yi with a lot of treasures to Chu State for activities. Zhang Yi bribed a group of dignitaries and favored ministers of the Chu State, and deceived the King of Chu, saying: "If the State of Chu can break off diplomatic relations with the State of Qi, the State of Qin is willing to donate more than 600 miles of land to Shang." However, King Huai of Chu was dimmed by his power. He didn't take it seriously and believed Zhang Yi's lies, so he awarded Zhang Yi the Prime Minister's Seal and made Zhang Yi the Prime Minister. He coveted 600 miles of business land and really broke off the alliance with Qi State. He also sent people to follow Zhang Yi to Qin State. receive the ground. After Zhang Yi returned to Qin, he pretended to be ill and did not see Chu envoys for three months. The stupid King Huai thought Zhang Yi was blaming him for not being firm enough in Jue Qi, so he sent someone to insult King Qi. The king of Qi was furious and broke off the alliance with Chu, and instead united with Qin. At this time, Zhang Yi came forward and said to the Chu envoy: "Why don't you accept the land? From a certain place to a certain place, it is six miles long and wide." The six hundred miles became six miles. The Chu envoy was very angry and returned to King Huai. King Huai was furious and launched two armies to attack Qin, but was defeated by Qin twice and lost 80,000 troops. More than 70 people, including General Qu Gai and General Pi Fenghou Chou, were captured by the Qin army, and a large area of ??land in Hanzhong was also occupied.
At this time, King Huai came to his senses and "regretted not using Qu Yuan's strategy", "so he reused Qu Yuan" and asked him to go to Qi as an envoy to rebuild the Chu-Qi alliance. After Qin defeated the Chu army twice, it was also afraid that Qi and Chu would resume their diplomatic relations, so they offered to return half of the Hanzhong land to seek peace. King Huai of Chu hated Zhang Yi so much that he wanted Zhang Yi's head instead of Hanzhong. King Qin Hui initially disagreed, but Zhang Yi confidently said: "I, Zhang Yi, can equal the land of Hanzhong by myself, and I am willing to go to Chu.
[11]" After Zhang Yi arrived in Chu, he bribed Zheng Xiu, Jin Shang and others. After some sweet talk in front of King Huai of Chu, the confused King Huai of Chu actually let Zhang Yi go again; he even got married to King Qin. . When Qu Yuan came back to explain his interests, King Huai wanted to recover Zhang Yi, but Zhang Yi had already disappeared without a trace. In this way, Chu State once again failed to trust Qi State. Chu once again joined Qi and went to Qin to welcome his bride; the next year, King Huai also met with King Qin at Huangji (now northeast of Xinye County, Henan Province) and accepted the Shangyong Land (now Zhushan County, Hubei Province) returned by Qin. Although he tried his best to oppose it, not only was it ineffective, but he was exiled for the first time to the northern Han Dynasty (today's Ankang area and the upper reaches of the Han River).
In the 26th year of King Huai of Chu, 303 BC. , Qi, Han, and Wei attacked Chu, accusing Chu of violating the treaty, and sent the prince to Qin as a hostage. The next year, the prince of Chu killed the Qin official and fled back to Chu. In the twenty-eighth year of King Huai of Chu, Qin used this as an excuse to unite Qi, Han, and Wei to attack Chu, killed Chu general Tang Mei, and occupied Chongqiu (now northeast of Biyang County, Henan Province). The next year, it attacked Chu and destroyed it. The Chu army numbered 20,000 and killed Chu general Jing Que. At this time, the dim-witted King Huai remembered the importance of the Qi-Chu alliance and asked the prince to pledge Qi to the Chu alliance to fight against Qin. In 299 BC, Qin attacked Chu again and captured Chu. Eight cities. Taking advantage of this situation, King Zhao of Qin "invited" King Huai to meet at Wuguan (east of today's Shang County, Shaanxi Province).
At this time, Qu Yuan had returned from his exile in northern Han Dynasty, and he was with Zhao Ju and others. , urged King Huai not to attend the meeting, saying: "Qin, a country of tigers and wolves, cannot be trusted, it is better to do nothing. "But King Huai's youngest son Zilan was afraid of losing the favor of King Qin, so he tried his best to encourage King Huai to go. As a result, as soon as King Huai entered Wuguan, he was detained by the Qin army and taken to Xianyang, threatening him to cede Wu County and Qianzhong County to Chu. King Huai was kidnapped and taken to Xianyang. Chu welcomed the crown prince Heng from Qi and established him as the king of Qingxiang. The prince Zilan was appointed as the commander. However, he refused to cede the land to Qin. Qin sent troops to attack Chu again, defeated the Chu army, beheaded 50,000 people, and took the throne. Sixteen cities. In the third year of King Qingxiang's reign, King Huai died in Qin State. The people of Chu State pitied him as if they were their own parents and brothers. Thinking that Qin was unjust, Qin and Chu severed ties.
The second exile
(Jiangnan area)
In 293 BC, King Qingxiang. In the sixth year, the State of Qin sent Bai Qi to Yique to attack South Korea, and achieved a great victory, beheading 240,000 people. The State of Qin then sent a letter to the King of Chu, saying: "The State of Chu betrayed the State of Qin, and the State of Qin was ready to lead the princes to attack Chu State to fight. Win or lose. I hope you can rectify your soldiers and fight happily. "King Qingxiang of Chu was very worried, so he planned to make peace with Qin again. This was absolutely intolerable to Qu Yuan. He wrote poems to express his love for Chu, his heart for the king, and his desire to rebel." Sentiment also pointed out that King Huai finally ended up dying in a foreign country because "the so-called loyal people are not loyal, and the so-called virtuous people are not virtuous." This posed a threat to Zilan, so Zilan ordered Jin Shang to slander King Qingxiang, causing Qu Yuan to be exiled to a remote area in the south for the second time. According to the analysis of "Ai Ying", the route of this exile started from Yingdu (Jianling County, Hubei Province), first went southeast along the river, passed through Xia Shou (southeast of Shashi, Hubei Province), and passed by Longmen (east gate of Yingdu). Dongting Lake entered the Yangtze River, then left Xiapu (Hankou, Hubei), and finally reached Lingyang (said to be the south of Qingyang County in present-day Anhui).
[Edit this paragraph] Commited suicide
Qu Yuan's "The Fisherman" contains the scene before Qu Yuan committed suicide:
In front of the Miluo River.
After Qu Yuan was released, he swam in the rivers and lakes and chanted by the riverside. His appearance was haggard and his description was haggard.
When the fisherman saw it, he asked: "I am not from Sanlu, the official! Why is it like this?"
Qu Yuan said: "The whole world is turbid and I am the only one who is pure, and everyone is drunk on me." When you wake up alone, you can see and let go. "
The fisherman said: "The sage is not stagnant in things, but can move with the world. The world is turbid, why not clean up the mud and make waves? Why don't you feed the bad things and wipe them out? Why do you think deeply and exalt yourself and let yourself go?" Qu Yuan said: "I heard that those who are newly bathed must shake their crowns, and those who are newly bathed must shake their clothes; An Neng Is it better to go to the Xiang River and be buried in the belly of a river fish to observe the beauty of things? Is it possible to be covered with the dust of the world?"
My father smiled and walked away, singing: "The water in Canglang is clear, so I can wash my tassel; the water in Canglang is turbid, I can wash my feet." Then he left and said no more.
[Edit this paragraph] Evaluation
Qu Yuan is the first great patriotic poet in the history of Chinese literature. He is an outstanding representative of romantic poets. As an outstanding politician and patriot, Qu Yuan's spirit of loving the motherland and the people, adhering to the truth, and willing to die unyielding, as well as his majestic personality that "can compete with the sun and the moon", have inspired and nurtured countless Chinese people for thousands of years, especially When the country is in crisis, the inspirational effect of this spirit is even more obvious. As a great poet, Qu Yuan's emergence not only marked the entry of Chinese poetry into a new era from collective singing to individual creation, but also the new poetry style he created, Chu Ci, broke through the expression form of the "Book of Songs" and greatly It enriches the expressive power of poetry and opens up a new world for ancient Chinese poetry creation. Later generations also referred to "Chu Ci" and "Book of Songs" as "Feng and Sao". "Wind and Sao" are the sources of the two fine traditions of realism and romanticism in the history of Chinese poetry.
At the same time, Chu Ci represented by Qu Yuan also influenced the formation of Han Fu. Shen Baofeng, a famous cultural scholar and outstanding post-80s poet, once commented: "Qu Yuan is a poet who loves the motherland. He is consistent with the people of Chu in terms of loyalty to the motherland and resisting powerful enemies. Although he failed politically, he The large number of poems left behind greatly inspired the people of Chu to avenge their humiliation and restore their motherland. They played a huge role in overthrowing the Qin Dynasty and reviving the Chu State. They did not dilute the people's affection for Qu Yuan. The memory of Qu Yuan only expanded Qu Yuan's influence. After World War II, 75 famous people from 17 countries jointly launched the "World Peace Conference" and decided to hold the World Peace Conference in Moscow in 1953. Listing Qu Yuan as a world cultural celebrity and calling on people all over the world to solemnly commemorate him. Qu Yuan's name will always remain in the hearts of people around the world. At that time, New China had just been founded. In order to respond to the World Conference for Defense of Peace and strive for international status, the Chinese people* The Ministry of Culture of China and the People's Republic of China decided to form a "Qu Yuan Research Group" with Guo Moruo, You Guoen, Zheng Zhenduo, Wen Huaisha and others, and compile Qu Yuan's works into a collection and publish them in vernacular. In Chinese history, Qu Yuan is a famous figure. The most admired and loved poet by the people, according to "Xu Qi Xie Ji" and "Shui Shu Geography", Qu Yuan committed suicide by throwing himself into the river on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. Chinese folk people make rice dumplings and race dragon boats on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. The custom originated from people's commemoration of Qu Yuan. In 1953, Qu Yuan was listed as one of the world's "four major cultural celebrities" and was solemnly commemorated by the World Peace Council and people all over the world. "
Qu Yuan. There are two aspects of influence on later generations, one is the influence of personality, and the other is the influence of literature.
Qu Yuan's personality has become a model for literati and scholars for thousands of years. Most of the poets and poets of the past dynasties, especially the poets who immigrated, relied on Qu Yuan's spirit. It can also be said that Qu Yuan's spirit has formed a tradition of self-cultivation and clean conduct in Chinese history. The spiritual realm of Jia Yi in the Han Dynasty and Du Fu in the Tang Dynasty directly inherited Qu Yuan's tradition. From this point of view, Qu Yuan's influence on the traditional national character is an aspect worthy of attention.