Original text
In the southeast, Qiantang has been prosperous since ancient times, with three Wu cities, smoked willows painted bridges, wind curtains and green curtains, and hundreds of thousands of homes. Clouds and trees surround the dike and sand, raging waves roll up frost and snow, and the sky is boundless. The city is lined with pearls, the households are full of luxury goods, and the luxury is high.
The lakes overlap Qingjia. There are osmanthus seeds in three autumns and lotus flowers in ten miles. The Qiang pipe clears the sky, the watermelon song fills the night, and the old lotus babies play and fish. Thousands of horses and tall teeth. Get drunk, listen to flutes and drums, sing and enjoy the haze. There will be good scenery in the future, go back to Fengchi to praise it.
Reference translation
Translation
Hangzhou has an important geographical location and beautiful scenery. It is the city of Sanwu. This place has been very prosperous since ancient times. There are about 100,000 households with smoky willow trees, painted bridges, wind-blocking curtains, emerald green tents, and high and low pavilions. Towering trees surround the sand embankment of the Qiantang River. The surging tide rolls up waves as white as frost and snow, and the vast river surface stretches as far as the eye can see. There are a dazzling array of pearls and jade on display in the market, and every household is stocked with silks and satins, vying for luxury.
The inner lake, outer lake and overlapping mountains are very delicate and beautiful. The sweet-scented osmanthus is fragrant in autumn, and the lotus flowers are everywhere in summer. The Qiang flute is played cheerfully on sunny days, and the rowing boat and lotus picking girls sing at night. The old man fishing and the girl picking lotus are all smiling. Thousands of cavalry surrounded the commander returning from inspection. While tipsy, I listened to the flute, drum and orchestra, recited poems and lyrics, and admired the beautiful water and mountains. He would later paint this beautiful scene and show it off to the people in the court when he returned to Beijing and was promoted.
Notes
⑴Sanwu: namely Wuxing (now Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province), Wujun (now Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province), and Kuaiji (now Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province) counties, This generally refers to parts of southern Jiangsu and Zhejiang today.
⑵ Qiantang: Today's Hangzhou, Zhejiang, a county in the ancient state of Wu.
⑶Smoke Willow: Willow tree shrouded in mist.
Painted bridge: a beautifully decorated bridge.
Wind curtain: a curtain used to block the wind.
Cuimu: A green curtain.
Approximate; different in appearance.
⑷Cloud trees: There are so many trees like clouds.
Raging waves roll in frost and snow: The high and rapid tide rushes over, and the waves roll like frost and snow.
Natural chasm: a natural ravine, a dangerous obstacle in the world. Generally refers to the Yangtze River, here it refers to the Qiantang River.
Zhuji: Zhuji is a pearl, and Ji is a kind of non-round bead. This generally refers to precious commodities.
⑸Chonghu Lake: With Baidi as the boundary, West Lake is divided into inner lake and outer lake, so it is also called Chonghu Lake. 巘(yǎn): a hill on a big mountain.
Stacks of mountains: layers upon layers of mountains. This refers to the mountains surrounding West Lake. Gong: small mountain peak.
Qingjia: delicate and beautiful.
⑹Sanqiu: ①Autumn also refers to the third month of autumn, which is the ninth month of the lunar calendar. Wang Bo's "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion" has "the time is September, and the preface belongs to the third autumn". Liu Yong's "Wang Hai Tide" has "three autumns of osmanthus and ten miles of lotus flowers". ②The third season is September. "The Book of Songs·Wang Feng·Cai Ge" has "One day's absence is like three autumns!" Kong Yingda said, "There are four seasons in a year, and they are all in March. Three autumns are called September. Suppose that the three springs and three summers have the same meaning, and the author takes them Its rhyme." Also refers to three years. Li Bai's "Jiang Xia Xing" has "Only one period of time, who can say three autumns!"
⑺ Qiang Guan (qiāng): The Qiang flute, the reed wind instrument of the Qiang people. This generally refers to musical instruments. Get: Play.
The song of water chestnuts fills the night: There is a sound of singing on the boat returning home from picking water chestnuts at night. Ling: water chestnut. Pan: Drifting.
⑻Gao Ya: The high tooth flag. The tooth flag is the general's flag. The pole is decorated with ivory, so it is called the tooth flag. This refers to the senior official Sun He.
Singing and admiring the haze: singing and appreciating the scenery of lakes and mountains. Haze: This refers to natural scenery such as mountains, rivers, forests and springs.
⑼ Pictures of the future will bring good scenery: one day, describe this scenery. Future: Future, refers to the future. Figure: depict.
Phoenix Pond: The full name is Phoenix Pond, which originally refers to the pond in the Imperial Palace Garden. This refers to the imperial court.
Appreciation
"Looking at the Sea Tide" depicts the scene of Hangzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty. The first part of the poem describes Hangzhou's natural scenery and urban prosperity.
To talk about Hangzhou, let’s first give a general and general introduction to Hangzhou’s situation: “The southeast is the most beautiful city in the world, and Qiantang has been prosperous since ancient times.” Written with pen. Hangzhou is located in the southeast, with an important geographical location and beautiful scenery, so it is called "Xingsheng". "Three Wu Cities" was written based on social conditions. It is an important city in the Sanwu area, where people gather and goods gather, so it is called "the city".
"Qiantang has been prosperous since ancient times", this sentence is a summary of the previous two sentences. Because Hangzhou has these special conditions, it has been "prosperous since ancient times". But there is something new. If the first two sentences are written from the horizontal aspect, describing the current situation of Hangzhou, then the third sentence is written from the vertical aspect, explaining its "prosperous since ancient times" history. Three sentences outline the rough appearance of Hangzhou from both vertical and horizontal aspects. The horizontal direction is the main one and the vertical one is the guest. It describes the current situation of Hangzhou in reality, while the history is written in virtual form and is used as a foil.
Next, we will elaborate on the three aspects of "form victory", "city" and "prosperity".
"Smoky willow painted bridges, wind curtains and green curtains, and hundreds of thousands of homes" is a description based on the sentence "Three Wu Cities". "One hundred thousand" is a rough term. It only refers to the large population and is not an exact population count. At that time, Hangzhou had the reputation of "the first state in the southeast with beautiful pools, lakes and mountains" (Song Renzong).
After Song Dynasty crossed south, there was greater development. "Mengliang Lu" written by Wu Zimu of the Song Dynasty says: "Liu Yong's poem about Qiantang said: 'There are hundreds of thousands of families', which is also the preface of Yuanfeng (the reign name of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty). Since Gaomiao (Gaozong of the Song Dynasty) drove and built Kangxing Hang, he stayed in Hangzhou for several years. In the past two hundred years, the number of registered residents has increased, and there are nearly a million households. The city outside Hangzhou, stretching from south to west and northeast for tens of miles, is full of people, with people and goods, streets and streets, and mats spread across the street. There are many, each of which can be compared with the outer states and counties, which shows that Hangzhou is prosperous."
(Volume 19) The word "variation" describes the number of pavilions and houses far and near, high and low. The scene; "Wind Curtain and Green Curtain" embodies "people". Wind curtains are hung in every house and green curtains are set up in every household, creating a peaceful and peaceful atmosphere; and these large and small pavilions and homes with curtains are scattered here and there. In the "Smoke Willow Painted Bridge", we not only see the specific scenes of each household, but also the style of the entire city.
"Clouds and trees surround the embankment and sand, raging waves roll up frost and snow, and the sky is boundless" is an expanded description of the sentence "The southeast is beautiful". Here we only choose two scenery, Qiantang River Bank and Jiang Chao, to write about. On the bank of the Qiantang River, there are green trees like clouds, creating a lush scene; the water of the Qiantang River is like "raging waves rolling in frost and snow, and the sky is boundless." Hangzhou is located on the bank of Qiantang River. The spectacular sight of Qiantang tide is very famous. There is such a description in Zhou Mi's "Old Martial Arts" of the Song Dynasty:
The tide of Zhejiang (i.e. Qiantang River) is the majesty of the world. From Jiwang (the 16th) to the 18th it is the most prosperous. Fang Qiyuan goes out to the sea gate, just like a silver thread; as it gets closer, the Yucheng Snow Ridge comes from the sky, loud as thunder, shocking and surging, swallowing the sky and fertile sun, and it is extremely majestic. This is what Yang Chengzhai (Southern Song Dynasty poet Yang Wanli) said in his poem: "Silver from the sea is Guo, and jade from the river is tied around the waist."
"Raging waves" describes the fierceness of the river tide, like tigers fighting fiercely. Isn't it a "shocking" scene? "Rolling frost and snow" describes the specific image of "raging waves". It is the scene of "Jade City Snow Ridge". "Frost and snow" not only describes the white color of the raging waves like snow, but also the coldness brought by the river tide. As Meng Haoran said in "Yan Qiantang Climbing the Barrier Tower to Watch the Tide": "The stormy waves come like snow, It feels cold just sitting there. "It's just that Liu Yong didn't express his feelings about people here. "The sky is boundless" describes the breadth of the river, and also implies the momentum of the river tide "swallowing the sky and fertile sun".
"The city is lined with pearls, the households are full of luxury, and the luxury is high" further expands the word "prosperity" to describe the prosperity of Hangzhou. Hangzhou was known as the "Sale of Gold Pot" in the Song Dynasty (see "Old Wulin Stories"), which means that no matter how much money you have, you can squander it all there. The poet goes one step further here and describes two aspects through the heavy curtains: First, the commercial and trade situation-"The market is full of treasures", using only the treasures on the market to represent the abundance of goods and the prosperity of commerce; The second is the clothing situation - "households are full of silk and silk", and every family is covered with brocade. "Jing Luxury" also summarizes all kinds of prosperous scenes in Hangzhou. The word "Jing" describes the scene of Hangzhou's rich people competing for luxury and lavishness. In the poet's writing, Hangzhou is really a prosperous place where the people are prosperous and prosperous.
The second part of the poem describes the peaceful and peaceful life of the people in Hangzhou.
"The lakes overlap with each other, there are osmanthus seeds in three autumns, and lotus flowers in ten miles", describing the beauty of the lakes and mountains of West Lake in Hangzhou. This is not only a further description of the "southeast beauty", but also a background for Hangzhou people to enjoy. The West Lake is beautiful. Su Shi said: "The clear water is beautiful when the water is shining, and the mountains are also strange when they are empty and rainy. If you want to compare the West Lake to the West, it is always appropriate to put on light makeup and heavy makeup." ("Drinking on the Lake at First Sunny and Later Rain") was also written Both mountain and water aspects. "Chonghu" refers to the lake itself, and the West Lake has an inner lake and an outer lake; "Die" refers to the lake shore, and the peaks overlap. The water of West Lake is green, the mountains are green, and it is extremely beautiful, so it is called "Qingjia". "Sanqiu Guizi" corresponds to the word "Die" and writes about the sweet-scented osmanthus in the mountains. Hangzhou is famous for its osmanthus, which is said to be born from the osmanthus tree species in the middle of the moon. "New Book of the South" said: "There are many osmanthus trees in Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou, and the monks of the temple said: 'This is the middle of the month.' To this day, on the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival (the night of the 15th), the osmanthus seeds often fall, and the monks also try to find them." This legend , giving Hangzhou sweet-scented osmanthus a mythical color, which is very attractive to people. Song Zhiwen's poem "Lingyin Temple" goes: "The osmanthus falls in the middle of the moon, and the fragrance of the sky floats outside." Bai Juyi's "Remembering Jiangnan" says: "When I recall the south of the Yangtze River, I most remember Hangzhou. I look for osmanthus in the middle of the moon in the mountain temple, and look at it on the pillow in the county pavilion. At the top of the tide, when will we come again?" The osmanthus in the mountains of Hangzhou is something people yearn for. "Ten Miles of Lotus" corresponds to the word "Chonghu" and describes the lotus in the water. Red flowers, green leaves, and the fragrance of lotus root are also scenery that embodies the characteristics of West Lake. Su Shi said that "Lotus flowers bloom everywhere without owners" ("Drunken Book at Wanghu Tower on June 27"). Yang Wanli of the Southern Song Dynasty said: "After all, in June, the scenery of West Lake is different from that of the four seasons: the lotus leaves connecting the sky are infinitely green. , the lotus is uniquely red against the sun." ("Walking off to Lin Zifang from Jingci Temple at dawn") "Three Autumn" is from the perspective of time; "Ten Miles" is from the perspective of space. Osmanthus blooms in autumn and lotus blooms in summer, describing the beauty of West Lake in different seasons.
West Lake is beautiful in any season, at any time, or in any weather, so there are endless tourists. "Old Wulin Stories" says: "The scenery of West Lake is sunny and rainy in the morning and evening, and the four seasons are always suitable. Hangzhou people also go out all the time, and spring outings are particularly popular." The following begins to describe the scene of Hangzhou people's recreation.
First, let’s write about the entertainment of Hangzhou people: “Qiang pipes clear the sky, watermelon songs fill the night, and people play and fish for lotus babies.” "Qiang Guan Ning Qing" writes about the daytime and the sound of the flute. The word "clear the sky" expresses the flute player's leisurely and happy mood. "Lingge spreads through the night", writing about the night and the sound of singing. The word "panye" describes the scene of the song of the water chestnut girl floating gently on the water in the quiet night. "Playing and fishing for the lotus baby" is a summary of the previous two sentences, indicating that this is the people of Hangzhou enjoying the lake, and it is the joy of the people.
The following "Thousands of Horses and High Teeth" describes the entertainment of Hangzhou officials. "Thousands of horses and high teeth" describes the identity of the characters and the large number of followers when traveling, showing the power of officials. The following is about the fun of officials from two aspects. "Getting drunk and listening to flutes and drums" describes the joy of a banquet. The ruling class often traveled to the lake with banquets. Drinking freely and getting drunk have already described the joy of banquets, and listening to music after being drunk pushes the joy of banquets to the extreme. "Yin appreciating the haze" describes the joy of landscape. Mountains and water are written in the front. Here, the word "mist" is used to express the beauty of the scenery and reflect the beautiful side of the mountains and rivers. Not only do you appreciate the beauty of the lakes and mountains, you are so moved that you also want to sing about it. This not only shows the elegance of the officials, but also brings out the beauty of the mountains and rivers. The last two sentences of the poem are wishes to the officials, saying that in the future, they can describe the beautiful scenery of Hangzhou so that when they serve in the imperial court, they can show off to their colleagues.
This poem praises the beautiful scenery of Hangzhou's mountains and rivers, and praises the peaceful and happy life of the people of Hangzhou. It reflects the recuperation and recuperation of Zhenzong and Renzong in the Northern Song Dynasty after the end of the Five Dynasties. A scene of prosperity and peace. Of course, this kind of scene is just a superficial phenomenon of life, and it does not reveal the vast number of salt people who are "in human form" as a result of "unpaid official rent and forced private rent" as he did when he was the supervisor of Xiaofeng Salt Field in Dinghai near Hangzhou. The plight of "everything is delicious" ("Song of Boiled Sea"). This poem was written to Sun He, who was the envoy between Zhejiang and Zhejiang at that time (see Volume 1 of "Helin Jade Dew" by Luo Dajing of the Song Dynasty). Although it is a gift and contains a certain amount of flattery, it cannot be said to be whitewashing. It is a work that praises Shengping and reflects certain social realities at that time.
Meng Yuanlao's "Tokyo Menghua Lu" records: "As time goes by, there are many people. A young boy is good at encouraging people; a gray old man is ignorant of fighting. ... When you raise your eyes, you will see brothels and pavilions. The embroidered houses are lined with beaded curtains, the carved carriages are competing in the Tianjie, the gold and green are dazzling, and the flowers are fragrant. The treasures are all returned to the market; the strange smells of Huihuan District are all in the kitchen. When the streets are full of flowers, what's the point of spring outing? Although it records the scene in the capital city of Bianjing, it can also be seen that there was indeed a "peaceful atmosphere" in the country at that time. Therefore, drunkenness and extravagance became a common trend among the ruling classes everywhere.
"Looking at the Tide" reflects exactly this reality. It is said that "this word was popular, and the gold master Liang heard the song, and he was delighted to admire 'three autumns of osmanthus, ten miles of lotus', and then he aspired to cross the river with a whip. Recently, Xie Chuhou's poem said: 'Who sings the Hangzhou tune? Lotus ten miles of ten miles of osmanthus, three autumns. Who knows Plants and trees are merciless, causing thousands of miles of sorrow along the Yangtze River!'" ("Helin Jade Dew") Of course, this is just a legend and is not correct. The reason that induced the Jin soldiers to invade and led to the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty was due to the corrupt nature of the ruling class's "competition for wealth and luxury" and the drunkenness and dreaminess of life; what caused the Jin soldiers to go south and posed a threat to the Southern Song Dynasty was still the ruling class's "direct control of Hangzhou" It is caused by the corrupt nature of "Bianzhou" (Lin Sheng's "Inscription on Lin'an Residence") and has nothing to do with Liu Ci. However, this legend can show that the writing of "Looking at the Tide" was very successful. After reading this poem, people can't help but yearn for Hangzhou.