How to appreciate the linguistic beauty of classical poetry

The beautiful Jianghan dialect is beautiful, mainly in two aspects: perceptual beauty and rational beauty. Perceptual beauty refers to the external beauty of language, such as color beauty, image beauty, phonological beauty, interesting beauty, architectural beauty and rhetorical beauty, while rational beauty refers to the internal beauty of language, such as logic beauty, justice beauty, emotional beauty, interesting beauty and artistic conception beauty. In classical poetry, the aesthetic feeling of this Chinese language is particularly distinct. To appreciate the language of classical poetry, of course, we must first understand the language thoroughly, but it is more important to appreciate the beauty of the language of classical poetry and have a feeling of its expressive function. Only in this way can we understand and appreciate poetry well. Appreciating the linguistic beauty of classical poetry mainly involves the following linguistic features: 1. Fresh, simple (simple, plain and plain), gorgeous, bright, implicit, concise and elegant. 1. The personality color of the language. Including: a. Dominant and recessive (overt and covert); B. straightforward and graceful (straightforward expression, euphemistic twists and turns); C. combine rigidity with softness (bold and graceful); D. Zhuang and He (strictness and humor). 2. Style and color of language. Including: e. literature and white (gorgeous literary talent and simple writing); F. scattered and complete (the sentence pattern is patchy, neat and powerful); Language has character, which makes people read Su Shi's Nian Nu Jiao? 6? 1 When Chibi reminisced about the past, he saw the scene of "Kansai man, playing the copper pipa, holding the iron plate and singing' River of No Return'"; When reading Liu Yong's Rain Voices, what I saw was the scene of "a girl of seventeen or eighteen, holding a red tooth clapper, singing softly" Yang Liuan Xiaofeng Canyue ". At the same time, language has stylistic differences, which makes language different from vulgarity and elegance. These two aspects can be appreciated from the perspective of "color of words". Such as Yan's "Partridge Sky" in the Northern Song Dynasty. The first time I met you, in the crisp cup where I met you for the first time, it was so gentle, beautiful and affectionate that my face flushed when I took a sip. We danced and sang heartily, exhausted, and shook the peach fan feebly, from the late-night dance of Liushao Moon until the roof outside the house fell in the middle of the night. Since that parting, I have always missed that beautiful meeting and hugged you in my dream many times. There are only silver lanterns (gāng, oil lamps) left tonight, so meeting each other is probably a dream. The language of this word is bright and elegant. The last bird used words such as "hospitality", "struggle", "dancing low" and "singing to the end", while the next bird used words such as "several soul dreams are the same as your husband" and "fear of meeting again is a dream", which directly and vividly expressed the joy of meeting each other in the past, the memory of leaving later and the joy of meeting again, which was almost straightforward. However, the author is good at decorating and coloring, such as using words and images such as "colorful sleeves", "drunken beauty", "willow", "peach blossom fan" and "silver cymbals", and is also good at operating skillful and elegant sentences, such as "the willow floor dances low and the peach blossom fan sings at the bottom", so the language appears elegant. As the ancients commented, "shallow language is rich in flavor and shallow language is wonderful." "Exquisite charm is natural. "Second, rhetorical methods mainly refer to metaphor, analogy, parallelism, duality, metonymy, exaggeration, rhetorical questions, etc. These are eight rhetorical methods stipulated in the test center of Correct Use of Rhetoric Methods. In addition, we should also pay attention to the rhetorical methods such as synaesthesia, empathy (expressing people's feelings about things, such as "where petals have fallen like tears, where lonely birds have sung sadness"), pun, truthfulness, repetition and allusions. Rhetoric is to enhance the expressive force of language from different angles. The expressive effect of various rhetoric is different. Metaphor, analogy, metonymy and quotation mainly make the language vivid; parallelism, antithesis, exaggeration, truthfulness and repetition mainly enhance the language momentum; rhetorical questions and rhetorical questions make the language easy to rise and fall; puns and allusions make the expression euphemistic and implicit, each with its own charm and flavor. Therefore, the use of rhetoric should be based on the needs of the context, and the effect analysis should also fully consider the context. For example, Yung Wing's "Moving the Pavilion on the Lake". It's a pavilion on the Spring Breeze Lake, and wicker vines are divorced. The oriole has known each other for a long time, and she wanted to stop crying four or five times. Through personification, the author gives wicker vine and oriole a human touch, and the subject and object are transposed, subtly and implicitly expressing the poet's attachment to the pavilions on the lake. The author is also very particular about the refinement of Chinese characters. The word "tie" in the poem not only conforms to the slender and soft characteristics of wicker rattan, but also describes the movements of wicker rattan pulling clothes, showing the attachment to the master and the deep affection for his departure. The use of the word "crow" not only conforms to the characteristics of oriole singing, but also seems to be a kind of retaining talk, a sad farewell, reminiscent of parting tears. 3. Free from vulgarity words are words with vivid expression, rich connotation and remarkable expression effect, such as "Nao" in "Red Apricot Branch in Spring" and "Green" in "Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan". (1) Pay attention to those words that are used flexibly. For example, Fang Ting, a man from Zhou Bangyan. The wind makes the oriole grow up in spring, the summer rain makes the plums plump, and the dense noon trees give the ground a round shade. Lying low near the mountain, wet clothes, total cost of baking fire. People cry quietly and carefree, and outside the bridge, the new green sea water bumps and splashes. For a long time, Agnes bitter bamboo, suspected pan-Jiujiang ship. Every year, like a club swallow, I wander in the vast sea and send it to the rafters for repair. Don't think about the performance outside, or koEY spirit, always sit in front of the bottle. The haggard south of the Yangtze River is tired of guests, and listening to strings is unbearable. At Song's banquet, a pillow was installed for me, so that I could sleep at will when I was drunk. The "wind" and "fat" of "wind old warbler chicks, rain fat plums" are adjectives and used as verbs. You can think that the style is old and Yinger is young; You can also think of that silly little warbler, holding her head high and waiting for feeding, slowly filling up in the wind, spreading her wings and leaving the nest, and singing gently. The word "fat" can be imagined as plum ripe, fresh and round flesh, full of branches, attractive and coveted. These two words make the early summer scenery in Jiangnan vivid and charming. (2) Pay attention to those words with rhetorical methods. For example, Du Fu's moon. Four more mountains spit on the moon, and the water is bright at night. The dust box opens the mirror and the air curtain opens the hook. Rabbits should be suspicious of the hair of cranes, while toads like mink and fur. Considering Heng E's widowhood, it's cold and autumn. The first ten words describe a beautiful picture of a moonlit night in late autumn. The word "spit" vividly describes the shape of the moon coming out of the clouds behind the mountain, and the word "bright" just shows the scene that the water and the moon are in harmony and the night is like day. They wrote the moon crystal clear, giving these two sentences and even the whole poem a magical and charming silver light. Su Shi thinks this is a masterpiece of ancient and modern times. Another example is Zhang Xian's Fairy in the Northern Song Dynasty. Mix the water several times and listen to the wine. Woke up at noon drunk and worried. When will Chunchun be sent back? Night goggles. A sad scene. In the latter part of the past, this province was empty. On the beach and on the pond. Clouds break the moon and flowers make a shadow. Heavy curtains cover the lights and the wind is uncertain. At first people were quiet. Tomorrow's sunset should be complete. Among them, "Clouds break through the moon and show shadows" is a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages. A word "agriculture" brings the "flowers" under the moon to life, showing the anthropomorphic beauty. There should have been a moon at night, but clouds covered the night sky and covered the moonlight. But with the breeze, the clouds suddenly opened, the moon came out, the flowers were blown by the wind and danced in the moonlight. This has injected temporary relief into the author's feelings of old age and loneliness in the future. This sentence has been passed down through the ages, and Wang Guowei commented in "Words on Earth": "The cloud breaks the moon as a flower shadow, and the word' de' is used to make the realm come out." Because "wind" plays the role of "shadow", ci talents guess that "the sunset should be full tomorrow." It also echoes the "falling red" in the last article, making the whole poem seamless. (3) Pay attention to quantifiers. Such as (monk) Miracle's "Early Plum". All the trees are frozen and cracked, and the solitary roots are warm. Snow covered the village. Last night, flowers were in full bloom in the snow. The wind sends fragrance, and the birds see plain color. If the plum blossom can blossom on time next year, I hope it can bloom on the spring terrace of people's love. The opening of a branch in the poem is the crowning touch of the poem. Plum blossoms bloom first, meaning "early"; And this "one branch" is before all plums, indicating that this plum blooms "early". This poem was originally written as "In Qiancun, Zita Law, how many branches were opened last night." Zheng Gu changed "several branches" to "one branch". Miracle called Zheng Gu "a word teacher". This couplet depicts a very beautiful picture of plum blossoms in the snow. (4) Pay attention to adjectives. Such as Wu Wenying's "Partridge Day? 6? 1 Huadu Temple. Red clothes on the pool are leaning against the fence, and crows often bring back the sunset. Clouds are raining, bright moon is cool, and fans are idle. The dream of hometown is narrow, the water is wide, and the small window worries about the autumn mountain. Wu sent a letter from home, and there were several rooms in Liuyemen. Xiaque begins with a "narrow" and a "wide", expressing the thoughts and feelings of homesickness, but it is difficult to go home. (5) Pay attention to overlapping words. Such as Sunny Days by Wang Jia. Before it rains, flowers appear first, and after it rains, there are no flowers at the bottom of the leaves. Butterflies have crossed the wall, but spring scenery is next door. The word "fly" in the original poem only shows the scene of butterflies flying here from other places, while "one after another" shows the scene of many butterflies "passing through the wall" and chasing the spring scenery together, which is more fully expressed. (6) Pay attention to words with expressive features. Sometimes the author pays attention to using some expressive words to express the characteristics of the object more vividly. For example, in the Southern Song Dynasty, the little dragon girl in Wucheng wrote Qing Ping Le Ling. Curtains rolled up and the mountains spread in the dusk. I haven't cleaned up my tears, and my home is in the middle of nowhere. Counting the snowflakes, Sha Ou jumped up. When the poem was about to be finished, it disappeared into the smoke. This word means the work of a girl who lives in a foreign land and is homesick. The last movie describes a girl who lives in a foreign land and seems to be far away from home. The word "exhibition" is used in the second sentence "Twilight of Mountain Exhibition", which turns static into dynamic, showing the scene that the mountain that the girl saw from a distance keeps spreading to the sky, and vividly expressing the sadness that the mountain was blocked and could not return to her hometown. The word "sunny" in the third sentence "unclear tears" was originally used to describe the weather and vividly expressed the author's homesickness all day long. The next film describes the rich feelings of the homesick girl. The phrase "Counting snowflakes makes Sha Ou jump" uses snowflakes as a metaphor for waves. Use the personified word "Chaos Committee" to express the waves rising at will; By comparing Sha Ou's free flight with the girl's non-freedom after leaving her hometown, and through empathy and association, it reveals the secret that the girl is in a foreign land and her home is hard to say. Because this word uses some words with expressive characteristics, it is interesting and interesting. The ancients praised it as "very thoughtful, with three points in the next sentence, but a little coquettish" ("Poet Jade Chip"). Fourth, sentence patterns. Mainly the special sentence patterns in poetry, which will arouse special interest. (1) Conjunction. That is, sentences composed entirely of noun images are vivid and artistic. For example, Lu You's book Anger. When I was a child, I knew that the world was unbearable and the Central Plains looked like a mountain. It snowed at night and the iron horse dispersed in the autumn wind. Stuck on the Great Wall, make an empty promise, and the sideburns in the mirror have long faded. "Introduction" is the real name, and it can't compare with anyone in a thousand years. The antithetical couplet in the poem is a antithetical sentence, which intensively and powerfully shows the author's great ambition and rich grief and indignation of going to the front line of resisting the Jin Dynasty and looking to the Central Plains in the north. (2) Inverted sentences. In other words, even and flat, harmonious rhymes and misplaced words produce particularly beautiful and interesting sentences. Such as Li Bai's "Emei Mountain Moon Song". In the autumn of the first half of Mount Emei, the Pingqiang River reflected. In the evening, Qingxi went to the Three Gorges, but the four gentlemen did not see Yuzhou. The poem comes from "Emei Mountain Month", pointing out that the season of traveling far away is autumn. The word "autumn" is upside down at the end of the sentence because of its rhyme. The autumn is crisp and the moonlight is clear. It is natural and wonderful to use the word "autumn" to describe the beauty of moonlight. The moon is only "half a circle", which reminds people of the beautiful artistic conception of the castle peak spitting the moon. For another example, in Wang Wei's Poems on Autumn Nights in the Mountains, the necklaces should be "Huan women return to bamboo, and fishing boats move under the lotus". After inversion, it is said that there are waves of laughter in the bamboo forest, and it is an innocent girl who returned from washing clothes; Elegant lotus leaves spread out on both sides one by one. It is the fishing boat that goes down the river that breaks the tranquility of the lotus pond, thus enhancing the suspense of poetry. Another example is Ouyang Xiu's Dead Hua Lian. How deep is the yard? The willow piles up smoke, but the curtain is not heavy. Jade music carving saddle tour smelting place, the building is not high, look at Zhangtai Road. March storm. It closes at dusk, and there is no plan to stay in spring. Tears ask flowers silently, and red flies over the swing. Under the que, "the rain and the wind are crazy in March dusk." I closed the door at dusk and didn't intend to stay in spring. It should be "March Rain Mania." There is no plan to stay in spring when the door is closed at dusk, which highlights the scene of stormy weather, and also shows that the author wants to cover up the time of "dusk" in order to retain the mood of spring. The words reflect the unspeakable pain of women. Five, rhythm and rhythm. Poetry and sentences have distinct rhythms, which are catchy to read, or lively, warm and powerful; Still ups and downs, full of charm. Poetry rhymes harmoniously, forming a continuous sense of rhythm, which makes it feel vivid to read. Such as Li Qingzhao's Dream. Last night/rain/wind, sound sleep/no need/residual wine, I asked/shutter/people, I said/Haitang/still. Do you know, it should be/green manure/red thin. Rhythm and rhythm need to be recited more, pondered more, pondered carefully, distinguished from rhythm, and read rhythm. Sixth, the idea of organizing the answers to language appreciation questions: (1) Evaluation (qualitative) refers to what or how the characteristics of language expression are. Such as language features, rhetorical methods, characteristics of refined words, and expressions (such as changing motion into static, changing static into dynamic, etc. (2) Analysis refers to how to embody and express in poetry. The analysis must be pertinent and specific, and must be combined with the thoughts and feelings expressed in the specific context or the expression effect. Such as Tang Wenru's "Caoqinghu Lake in Longyang County". The autumn wind has blown, and Dongting Lake seems to be aging a lot. After a night of melancholy, Xiang Jun should have more white hair. Completely drunk, I can't see the sky in the water. A ship full of dreams sank into the Milky Way. Please appreciate the words' old' and' pressure' in the poem. The word "Lao" personifies the bleak autumn wind and creates a white-haired image of Xiang Army. The word "pressure" is abstracted into an image, and the dream is weightless. The author used the word "pressure" to write the illusion truly and concretely. When writing language appreciation questions, you can't just answer the language characteristics, but must make a concrete analysis in combination with the thoughts, feelings and expression effects of specific contexts. Because language is the shell of thought, it should be used to express thoughts and feelings. On the other hand, because it involves ideological content, sometimes it also involves writing methods. When answering questions, you can sometimes give consideration to two ways of writing (contrast, contrast, etc.). ) and thinking methods (association and imagination), such as the analysis of the word "Qing Ping Le Ling" written by Xiaolongnv in Wucheng in the Southern Song Dynasty. 7. Appreciation of reading with examples: A brief analysis of the language features of the sentence "Castle Peak with Wind and Rain" in "Sending firewood to Jade (Tang) Wang Changling". This sentence mainly uses personification rhetoric. The author said that his friends traveled far and there were green hills with him all the way, which vividly expressed the feelings of comforting friends not to be sad and inspiring them to forge ahead. Spring tour in Song Dynasty (Tang Dynasty) Han Yu Wan Shu River Apricot, opening a new night wind. Full of shade, shining in the green waves. Appreciate the linguistic features of this poem. The linguistic features of this poem are as follows: ① Pay attention to the refinement of words, and the antithesis between "Wan" and "Yi" highlights the gorgeous beauty of apricot blossom in ten thousand trees. 2 Let's go. The "shade" of the "full garden" apricot flowers and a pool of "green waves" set each other off in interest, and the scenery is particularly bright. ③ The language of the whole poem is bright and gorgeous. Han Yi's Floating Clouds in Su Shiyi Mountain (Tang Dynasty) is not * * * This mountain is neat, and that mountain is hazy and gray. At dawn, the crescent moon flies to the tall trees, and the Milky Way in autumn night is far to the west of several peaks. Appreciate the beauty of the word "fly". The beauty of the word "fly" lies in its change from dynamic to static. The movement of the moon is not so obvious, but it seems to be motionless. The word "flying" is used to describe the extremely fast movement of abortion. The word "fly" clearly indicates the moon, and the clouds are dark. The clouds are flying, making the bright moon flickering, as if flying among tall trees. So a word "flying" means not only the moon, but also the clouds. Li Qunyu, the second Komatsu in the Academy (Tang Dynasty), has a pair of deep colors, and a few autumn smoke are two feet in size. From then on, the quiet window smells fine rhyme, and the sound of the piano is long with the reader. On the linguistic features of this poem. This poem mainly uses metonymy and metaphor. Use "dark color" to refer to two small pine trees; Compare pine needles to "autumn smoke", tree trunks to "scales", and the sound of piano is more vivid and rhythmic than the sound of blowing pine trees. Operator? 6? 1 Ya Luo (Southern Song Dynasty) Xin Qiji's rigid people are not firm, and the soft bottom is hard to destroy. If you don't believe me, open your mouth and see, and your tongue will fall into your teeth first. Both sides of the carriage are missing, and there is a gap in the middle. When it comes to talking, the dog will follow you. Appreciate the linguistic features and meaning of this word. Linguistic features of reference answers: the conciseness of colloquialism, such as "if you don't believe in opening your mouth, your tongue will fall between your teeth first" and "there is a gap between the two sides", is a typical spoken language and appears straightforward; Funny and humorous, such as "a dog's sinus penetrates a gentleman", saying that teeth are like dog holes, which can be drilled through. Righteousness: The author gives a feeling that honest people are secular, but adulterers live well. Qing Pingle (Southern Song Dynasty) is still in the spring breeze in Chaoyuan, and is very interested in willow. Colour the goose yellow. When the weather is clear. Last year, I went to the Green Gate in Kyoto, but I can't see him tonight. I lost my soul. It only takes a few nights to ruin a lifetime of haggard. Some people think that the word "rub" is vivid. what do you think? Try to analyze it. Briefly comment on the melody of this word. The vivid usage of the reference answer "rub" lies in: using anthropomorphic techniques, blowing the willow in the spring breeze, writing it as if someone is rubbing and stroking the willow branches, so that the willow grows new yellow leaves. Rhythm: The whole word takes "six, nine, back, door, soul and faint" as the rhyme, showing a harmonious rhythm. Harmony.