Differences:
1. Inscriptions are used to describe achievements or to warn and exhort, with concise words and short length. "Zhi" and "notes" can be used to write about people and events. Describe scenes and objects, express emotions, and discuss reasoning. Language style: inscriptions, rhymes, mostly parallel sentences, neat sentence patterns, clear rhythm, catchy words, simple diction, and strong generalization;
志 , is good at description, uses mostly prose, has flexible syntax, simple language, and sincere feelings.?
2. In terms of language: "The Inscription on the Haughty Room" is in verse form. "The Chronicles of Xiangjixuan" is written freely and lively.< /p>
3. Theme: "Inscriptions on the Humble Room" writes about playing the plain qin, reading the Golden Scriptures, interacting with the Confucian scholars, getting rid of banquets and socializing, and avoiding the distractions of official duties. "The Chronicles of Xiangjixuan" describes some trivial matters in life, Events become more secular and homely, and they are closer to us.
4. Emotionally: "The Inscription on a Humble Room" expresses the thoughts and emotions of being noble, tranquil, and self-admiring by writing elegant things. "Xiang Jixuan Zhi" expresses the longing for the deceased relatives by writing about the trivial matters of life, and reveals the guilt for the failure of one's achievements. Relatively speaking, this kind of emotion can arouse our screams more.
Introduction to "Zhi of Xiangjixuan"
Original text:
Xiangjixuan is the son of the old South Pavilion. The room is only an abbot and can accommodate one person. The century-old house is seeping with dust and mud, and Yuze places bets; every time a case is moved, there is nothing left to look at. It is also facing north, so it cannot catch the sun, and it will be dark after noon. The remaining parts are repaired to prevent them from leaking. There are four windows in front, and the wall surrounds the courtyard to catch the south sun. The shadow of the sun reflects in the room, making the room full of light. They also planted orchids, osmanthus, bamboo and trees in the courtyard, and the old railings also became more beautiful. The shelves are full of borrowed books, and they sit there silently, screaming and singing, while the courtyard is silent, with birds coming and pecking from time to time, but people never leaving. On the night of March 5th, the moon is half bright, the osmanthus shadows are mottled, the wind moves the shadows, and the mountains are lovely.
However, living here is both gratifying and sad. First, the courtyard connects the north and the south into one. Different fathers have different houses, with many small doors inside and outside, and often walls instead. Dogs bark in the east and west, guests come over the kitchen to feast, and chickens roost in the hall. The courtyard started out as a fence, then became a wall, and it changed again. There is an old woman living here. I am the first eldest mother's maidservant, and I have breastfed the second generation, and the first concubine caressed her deeply. The west of the room is connected to the middle boudoir, and the first concubine arrived. Every time the woman addressed Yu, she said: "A certain place, and my mother lives here." The woman said again: "Your sister is in my arms, croaking and weeping. My mother knocked on the door with her finger and said, 'Is your child cold? Do you want to eat?' I followed. The foreign minister responded. "Before he finished speaking, I was weeping, and so was the woman. I tied up my hair and was in the study pavilion. One day, my eldest mother passed by me and said, "My son, I haven't seen Ruoying for a long time. Why are you here silently all day? You are such a girl?" She walked away, closed the door with her hands, and said to herself: "My family has been studying for a long time but it is not effective. I can't wait until my son is born!" After a while, he arrived holding an elephant wat and said: "My ancestor Taichang Gong held this for the court when he was proclaiming his virtue. You should use it someday!" "Looking at the ruins, it feels like it was yesterday, and one can't help but feel like it was yesterday.
Xuandong, so he worked as a cook. When people go there, they pass in front of the Xuan. I lived in a small house, and after a long time, I was able to identify people by the sound of their feet. Xuanfan is surrounded by fire and cannot be burned, and there is almost no divine protector.
Xiang Jisheng said: "Shu Qing guarded Danxue, which was the best in the world. Later, Emperor Qin built Nuhuaiqing Tower; Liu Xuande and Cao Cao fought for the world, and Zhuge Kongming rose up in Longzhong. The ambiguity between the two people In a corner, how can the world know that there is a strange scene in a ruined house? How is it different from the frog in the well?"
Yu Since I had this ambition, five years later, my wife came back and went to the Xuanzhong to ask about ancient things from me, or learn from some books. My wife returned to Ning and told her younger sisters: "I heard that my sister's family has a pavilion, and what is a pavilion?" In the next six years, my wife died and the house was broken down and not repaired. In the next two years, I was sick and bored for a long time, so I ordered people to renovate Nangezi, and the system was slightly different from the previous one. However, Yu Duo has been away from home since then and does not live there regularly.
There is a loquat tree in the courtyard. My wife planted it the year she died. Now it is as tall as a canopy.
Translation:
Xiang Jixuan was the former South Pavilion. The house is only one foot square and can accommodate one person. In this century-old house, the soil (from the roof wall) leaked from the top, and the accumulated water kept flowing down; every time I moved the desk, I looked around and there was no place to place the desk. The house faces north and cannot be illuminated by the sun. It becomes dark after noon during the day. I repaired it a little so that it wouldn't leak dirt or rain from above. Four windows were opened in the front and a wall was built around the yard to block the sunlight from the south. The sunlight reflects and shines, making the room bright. I randomly planted orchids, osmanthus, bamboo and other plants in the courtyard, and the old railings also gained new luster. The bookshelves at home (not translated as "borrowed") are filled with bookshelves. I raise my head and recite poetry loudly, and sometimes sit quietly alone. Everything in nature has a sound; it is quiet in the courtyard and in front of the steps. Yes, birds fly down from time to time to peck at it, and people don’t leave even when they come to it. On the night of the 15th day of the lunar calendar, the bright moon hangs high, illuminating half of the wall. The shadows of the osmanthus trees are mixed and scattered, and the breeze blows through the shadows and sways, which is so cute. ?
However, when I live here, there are many things to be happy about and many things to be sad about. Before that, the north and south courtyards were connected into one whole. When the uncles and uncles separated their homes, they set up many small doors indoors and outdoors, and the walls were everywhere. After the separation, the dogs regarded the people who originally lived in the same courtyard as strangers, the guests had to go across the kitchen to eat, and the chickens roosted in the hall.
The courtyard was first separated by fences, and then walls were built, changing twice in one go. There is an old lady at home who once lived here. This old woman was my dead grandmother's maid. She had breastfed two generations of people. My late mother was very good to her. The west side of the house is connected to the inner room, where my late mother used to come often. The old woman often said to me: "Your mother once stood here in this place." The old woman added: "Your sister was crying in my arms; your mother knocked on the door with her finger and said: 'The child is cold. Do you still want to eat? ' I answered one by one through the door..." Before I finished speaking, I started crying, and the old woman also shed tears. I have been studying in Xuan Nei since I was fifteen years old. One day, my grandmother came to see me and said: "My child, I haven't seen you for a long time. Why do you stay here silently all day? You really look like a girl." "Huh?" When he left, he closed the door with his hand and said to himself: "It has been a long time since our scholars have achieved success. (My) child's success is just around the corner!" After a while, he held an elephant. Hu came over and said: "This is what my grandfather used to go to court with the emperor during the Xuande period. You will definitely use it in the future!" Looking back at the relics of the past, it is just like yesterday. It is really unbearable. Cry loudly.
The east side of Xiangjixuan used to be the kitchen. When people go there, they must pass in front of the Xuan. I lived there with the windows closed for a long time, and I could tell who it was by the sound of footsteps. Xiang Jixuan suffered four fires in his lifetime. The reason why he was able to avoid being burned was probably because the gods were protecting him.
Xiang Jisheng said: There was a widow named Qing in Bashu. She inherited the cinnabar mine left by her husband, and her mining profits were the first in the world. Later, Qin Shihuang built the "Nvhuai Qingtai" to commemorate her. she. Liu Bei and Cao Cao competed for the world. Zhuge Liang was born in Longzhong and established a distinguished career by working as a farmer. How could the world know about these two men when they were still in unknown remote corners? I live in this dilapidated hut today, but I am enjoying myself and thinking that there are wonderful scenery. If anyone knew about my situation, they would probably regard me as a short-sighted frog in a well! (This paragraph does not appear in the "Appreciation of Ancient Chinese Poetry and Prose" published by the People's Education Press; the original text of the Shanghai Education Edition does not have this paragraph, and this paragraph appears in the third question of "Thinking and Practice" after class as an extended exercise; the Lu Education Edition does not have this paragraph . )?
After I wrote this article, five years later, my wife came to my home. She often came to Xuanzhong and asked me about old things, sometimes leaning on the table. Learn to write on the side. My wife went back to her parents' home to visit her relatives. When she came back, she relayed what her little sisters said: "I heard that my sister's house has a small attic. So, what is a small attic?" Six years later, my wife passed away, and Xiang Jixuan was dilapidated. Renovation. Two years later, I was ill and bedridden for a long time without any (spiritual) sustenance, so I sent people to repair the South Pavilion again. The layout was slightly different from the past. However, after that I stayed away more often and didn’t live here often.
There is a loquat tree in the courtyard. My wife planted it with her own hands when she passed away. Now it stands tall and its branches and leaves are as lush as an umbrella.
Appreciation:
The article uses Xiang Jixuan's changes before and after as a clue to write a series of family trivial matters, showing the author's regret for the decline of the family and his feelings for his deceased grandmother and The deep remembrance of his mother and wife also reflects the author's pleasure in studying hard and enjoying himself when he was young. Everything recorded in the article is closely related to Xiang Jixuan, and "sadness" and "joy" are used as the thread of meaning throughout the entire article.
The first paragraph writes about the different changes in Xiangjixuan before and after the renovation, with the word "happy" running through it. Before the renovation, Xiangjixuan was small, dark and leaky; after the renovation, Xiangjixuan was bright, elegant and quiet. In this section, the author intends to express the cuteness, amiability and beauty of the study room where he studied and lived in his youth, in order to express his deep feelings of attachment. However, the author wants to exaggerate before suppressing, and first tries his best to narrate the original story of Xiang Jixuan. The oldness, smallness, leakage and darkness pave the way for the beauty and loveliness of Xiangjixuan after repair. The charming, lovely and nostalgic features of the restored Xiang Jixuan are not only reflected in its brightness, airtightness and quietness after restoration, but also in the author's interest in life and its natural integration with the surrounding environment.
The author's description of the restored Xiangjixuan is full of poetic and picturesque sentiment: the original dark cabin became brighter because the sunlight shone on the newly built wall and the four reopened windows reflected into the room; The ordinary fence in front of the courtyard adds infinite beauty because the owner planted orchids, osmanthus trees, and bamboos around it. During the day, he or she lies on her back or lies down in the hut, or screams or sings leisurely; sometimes, she sits quietly alone, You can clearly listen to the various wonderful sounds of nature; the quiet environment in front of the courtyard attracts birds to often come to look for food, and they are reluctant to fly away when someone comes; every night on the 15th day of the lunar calendar, the bright moonlight shines Half of the wall in front of the courtyard is lit up, and the shadows of the osmanthus trees are scattered on the wall, like a light and beautiful ink painting, and it is a living ink painting! ——The breeze blows, and the shadows of the flowers sway, so beautiful and lovely.
The second paragraph narrates the changes of Xiang Jixuan, recalls the past events of his mother and grandmother, and uses "sadness" throughout. "There are many joys and many sorrows", the pain of family background and the feeling of longing for relatives.
First, he recalls the changes in the courtyard caused by "different fathers", reflecting the decline of the family. The author's infinite "sadness" is permeated in the pen and ink; through the old woman's memory of her mother, the loving mother's voice and smile are reproduced, making the author unable to help but shed tears ("Yu" "Crying"); recalling that when I was a child, my grandmother came to visit me in Xuan. The sincere and touching scene, the sincere instructions, and the heavy expectations made me want to burst into tears.
In this paragraph, the author's emotions range from "sadness" to "crying", and then to the point where he can't help but "cry a lot". All of them are written closely with "it's so sad", and the author's memories are implicit in them. She laments the changes in her family, deeply misses her relatives, and feels deeply that her talents were not appreciated and that she failed to live up to her grandmother’s expectations.
The third paragraph describes the scene of him studying hard behind closed doors and the many times Xiaoxuan was burned by fire. It is a further supplement to writing about "sadness". Read, to achieve ideal expectations.
The fifth and sixth paragraphs are supplementary writing, expressing the nostalgia for the deceased wife through supplementary narration. This part is intended to describe sadness, but it first tries its best to describe the joy of the two singing together in the pavilion, using "joy" to contrast "sadness" to set off the sadness of losing his wife today. Finally, he expressed his deep feelings for his deceased wife by using the tall loquat tree. ?
The last sentence "There is a loquat tree in the courtyard. I planted it when my wife died. Now it is as tall as a canopy." The borrowing of objects to express emotions expresses the author's deep nostalgia for his wife and also expresses his love for his wife. The author has been in Xiang Jixuan for a long time.
About the author:
Gui Youguang (1506-1571). Essayist, litterateur, and classical writer of the Ming Dynasty. His courtesy name is Xifu, also known as Kaifu, his nickname is Zhenchuan, and his own name is Xiang Jisheng. He is the bridge between the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties" and the "Tongcheng School" of the Qing Dynasty. Together with Wang Shenzhong, Tang Shunzhi and Mao Kun, he is also known as the "Tongcheng School". Tang and Song Dynasties School". His writings are called "the best in Ming Dynasty", praised as "the Ouyang Xiu of today", and he is known as "Mr. Zhenchuan" in the world. A native of Kunshan (now Kunshan, Jiangsu Province) in the Ming Dynasty, he later moved to Jiading (now Jiading, Shanghai). In his early years, he studied at Wei School in Tongyi. Jiajing Jinshi, official to Nanjing Taipu Temple Cheng. He died as an official at the age of sixty-six. In terms of literature, Gui Youguang mainly writes prose. His prose inherits the writing style of Ouyang Xiu and Zeng Gong. His writing style is simple and natural, with no intentional carvings and sincere feelings. The selection of materials focuses on family trivial matters to express the love between mother and son. , the deep love between husband and wife, brothers, etc., the writing style is light and simple, natural and friendly, the feelings are sincere and deep, and the details are vivid and expressive.
Gui Youguang has had a rough life. He has experienced the setbacks of losing his mother at a young age, failing the exam eight times, losing his wife as a young man, declining family fortunes and discord with his uncles. The formation of his prose style does not prevent him from being called "today's Ouyang Xiu" and becoming a great essayist in the Ming Dynasty.
Introduction to "The Inscription on the Humble Room"
Original text:
If the mountain is not high, it will be famous if there are immortals. If the water is not deep, if there is a dragon, it will be spiritual. This is a humble house, but I am virtuous. The moss marks are green on the upper steps, and the grass color is green on the curtains. There are scholars who talk and laugh, but there are no idle people when coming and going. You can tune the plain Qin and read the Golden Sutra. There are no messy ears of silk and bamboo, and there is no laborious shape of case documents. Zhugelu in Nanyang, Yunting in Western Shuzi. Confucius said: What is so shameful?
Translation:
A mountain does not matter how high it is, as long as there are immortals living in it, it will be famous; it does not matter how deep the water is, as long as there are dragons and dragons living there, it will show its spirituality. This is a humble room, made famous by my virtues. The moss climbs up the steps and dyes it a green color, and the color of the grass reflects into the bamboo curtains, making the house full of green. The people talking and laughing here are all knowledgeable people, and there are no unlearned people who come and go. You can usually play the elegant Guqin and read Fu Oh Sutra written in clay. There is no complicated music to disturb the hearing, and no paperwork to strain the body and mind. It looks like the thatched cottage of Zhuge Liang in Nanyang, or the thatched cottage of Yangziyun in Western Shu. Confucius said: "What's so shabby about this?
Appreciation:
This chamber inscription of less than a hundred words implicitly expresses the author's noble aspirations and unwillingness to live in poverty and enjoy morality. It reveals to people the truth that although the room is simple and materially lacking, as long as the owner of the room has high moral character and a fulfilling life, the house will be full of fragrance, and elegance and aspiration can be seen everywhere. The magical spiritual power that transcends material things?
Some people think that when Liu Yuxi wrote this article, he was already in the later stage of his relegated life. He was in a relatively stable mood and pursued a peaceful and peaceful life. At the same time, there was content in the article about reading Buddhist scriptures. The inscription reveals the negative element of escapism and leisure, which should be analyzed from two aspects: when society is in a dark period, literati and officials have two ways out. One is to join the corrupt forces and surrender, like Mencius, to take a step back. As the saying goes, "If you are poor, you can live alone" and maintain your righteousness and independent personality. In contrast, the latter is more worthy of recognition. This is the path Liu Yuxi has chosen. At the same time, human life is complicated and full of tension. , You can't just be tense, but you also have to rest and entertain sometimes. Therefore, you can't simply criticize the leisurely mood. On the other hand, the inscription also reflects the author's grand ambitions. He quoted Zhuge Lu and Ziyunting as having a special meaning. Zhuge Liang is. A politician, Yang Xiong is a writer, which are also the two ideals of the author's life. In his early years, he was aggressive and ambitious in the reform; after being demoted, he got involved in the literary world, and finally became famous as a writer. Therefore, there are other words in the article. There is a positive and enterprising spirit within.
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The writing feature of this article is the clever use of metaphorical techniques to express the theme implicitly. The first four sentences are both metaphorical and xing, saying that mountains and rivers lead to humble houses, and immortals and dragons lead to virtue. The name and spirit imply that a humble house is not shabby. Using Zhuge Lu in Nanyang and Ziyun Pavilion in Western Shu as analogies to shabby houses, it expresses the author's two ideals of politics and literature. Finally, he quotes the words of Confucius and implies the profound meaning of "gentlemen live there". Secondly, a large number of rhetorical techniques of parallelism and antithesis are used. Parallel sentences can create a majestic literary momentum. For example, the parallelism in the first few sentences makes the whole article smooth and establishes a parallel style pattern. Dual sentences are easy to form ups and downs in content, such as the six dual sentences in the middle, which are both descriptive and narrative, with concise words, rich meaning, and a strong sense of rhythm. The article also uses rhetorical techniques such as pronouns and introductions.
In short, this is a masterpiece with high ideological and artistic quality, so it can be passed down and popular among the people
About the author:
Liu Yuxi (772-772) 842), named Mengde, a Tang Dynasty writer and philosopher who was born in Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan Province) in the Tang Dynasty.
He claimed to be a descendant of King Jing of Shanzhong Mountain in Hanzhong. A member of a group. A famous poet in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, he was known as the "Poetry Hero". His family is a scholarly family with Confucianism passed down from generation to generation.
Advocating political innovation, he is one of the central figures in the political innovation activities of Wang Shuwen School. Liu Yuxi once served as the censor of the Procuratorate. Later, Yongzhen's reform failed and he was demoted to Sima of Langzhou (today's Changde, Hunan). In his later years, he served as a guest of the prince. Some poems reflect the author's progressive thoughts. His representative works include "Woyi Alley", "Autumn Poems", "Bamboo Branches" (6), "Langtaosha" (1), "Langtaosha" (8), "Yangliu" Branches" (1), "Nostalgia for the Past in Xisai Mountain" and "Gifts to Lotte at the First Banquet in Yangzhou".
Liu Yuxi and Bai Juyi are both called "Liu Bai". Together with Liu Zongyuan, he is also known as "Liu Liu". Liu Mengde from Pengcheng is also a great poet. It has a sharp edge, and few dare to take it. It is also said that his poems should be protected by divine objects everywhere, and he is highly respected by celebrities. In Huichang, the school's Minister of Etiquette was inspected. At the age of seventy-two when he died, he was presented to the Minister of Hubu. The poetry collection consists of eighteen volumes, now compiled into twelve volumes.