The figures in Wei and Jin Dynasties are also called Jian 'an figures or Jian 'an style.
It means that Jian 'an poets inherited the Book of Songs and the excellent realistic creation tradition of Han Yuefu. On the one hand, they truly described the great turmoil and division in the late Han Dynasty in their poems, showing their concern for people's livelihood. At the same time, he expressed his ambition to make great achievements in the world in his poems.
The emotional tone of poetry is generous and sad, and the language is concise and vigorous, natural, clear and fluent, which has become a model of later poetry.
Style was first used to judge characters. Some people think that style is style, while others think that style is the relationship between form, language, content and thought. In the comments, "the wind is clear and the bones are upright" means "the beauty of rich literature and emotion, compact structure, rich and smooth", which is the Wei and Jin demeanor enjoyed by later generations.
Since ancient times, there has been a saying that poetry expresses ambition. The so-called "ambition" should refer to the author's ambition (Zhu Ziqing's comment on poetry), which is also a personality proposition. In the social practice of later generations, the connotation of "ambition" gradually began to include the moral connotation of Confucianism, while the meaning of individuality became less and less.
At the beginning of the western Han dynasty, five words were not full, and they stopped at the folk. Scholars regard them as folk ballads and pay little attention to them. Lagging behind Yuefu, this is gradually absorbed. Because of this, Yuefu poems contain many folk songs. His poems are innocent and clean, and have not yet been carved. The writing style is natural and simple, retaining a large number of folk languages. This had a great influence on later poems.
Wei and Jin poetry inherited the legacy of Yuefu, but it was innovative. First of all, the literati style of Yuefu changed Wuyan from a folk song to a literati poem. On the other hand, literati poetry absorbed the essence of folk songs and began to get rid of the glitz of Han Fu, forming a natural and flamboyant style. The achievements in this field are very high and representative, with "Three Cao Fathers and Sons" as the most detailed. There are many other articles about "Three Caos", so I won't say much here. I just want to make one thing clear. Cao Shi and his son are different from other Jian 'an literati. "Three Cao" is a poet, but also the protagonist of social and political life. This obvious protagonist consciousness is incomparable to others. It is this sense of protagonist that enables them to say what others can't say and think what others can't think. Cao Cao's frankness permeates the atmosphere from the inside out. His "sadness" and "ancient straightness" (tolerance) are not sighs of the short life of ordinary literati, but contain profound political vision (such as Hao and short songs). Moreover, the ranger in Cao Zhi's "White Horse" is also very different from the ordinary scribes, without the burden of loyalty to the monarch, and "the thoughts and feelings are lofty and extraordinary" (see the Dictionary of Poetry Appreciation in Han, Wei and Six Dynasties). And all this is a profound expression of the protagonist's consciousness. In their view, they are not only commenting on history, but also creating history by themselves.
As for Zhengshi literature, it obviously has the characteristics of literary popularization, but it is in the same strain as Jian 'an in terms of expressing personality. When you enter the gold, you gradually lose your bright and vigorous character.
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The influence of Wei and Jin Dynasties on later generations, especially in the Tang Dynasty, the governors loudly advocated "Han and Wei Dynasties". Li Bai's poems have a strong personality, close to Wei and Jin Dynasties, and close to metaphysics and his later years in thought. It is reasonable for later generations to say that Li Bai has signs of speaking clearly. Du Fu is called "the history of poetry", which is closer to Wei and Jin Dynasties in content. Bai Juyi's plain and straightforward language has an indissoluble bond with Wei and Jin Dynasties.
Furthermore, the formal development of Wei and Jin dynasties can not be ignored. The form of five-character poetry has expanded the capacity of poetry and made the development of poetry reach a new climax. At the same time, five-character poems also find a new way for the musicalization of poetry. Although it was not mature at that time, it provided ideas for future generations. The form of five-character poems makes Pingze's phonological changes richer and more regular. In a deeper sense, it can be said that it directly led to the emergence of seven-character poems and metrical poems in later generations, which in turn affected Ci and Qu.