Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy (1828-1910) was the greatest Russian writer of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and one of the most outstanding writers in the history of world literature. First, his literary works occupy a first-class position in world literature. His representative works include "Anna Karenina", "War and Peace", "Resurrection" and the autobiographical novel trilogy "Infancy", "Youth" and "Youth". Other works include "Morning of a Landlord", "Cossacks", "Sevastopol Stories", "Lucerne", etc. With his long life of hard creation, he reached the peak of European critical realism literature at that time.
Tolstoy was born into an ancient and prestigious noble family, but throughout his life he consistently and sincerely pursued a path closer to the people, and carried out reforms in his own estate many times, but without success. Literary creation began in the 1950s. "War and Peace" is a summary of his early creation. "Anna Karenina" represents his second creative milestone. "Resurrection" is the artistic summary of his long-term ideological exploration and his most comprehensive, profound and powerful novel in criticizing the Russian landlord-bourgeois society.
"War and Peace": Centering on the issue of war, and using the lives of the four noble families of Kuragin, Bolkonsky, Rostov and Bezhukhov as clues, it shows the story of the first 15 years of the 19th century. Years of Russian history depicts the lives of various classes and raises many important questions. The central idea of ??the novel is to show that the people are the decisive force in promoting history and affirm the just nature of the Russian people's war against Napoleon's invasion in 1812.
"Anna Karenina": intertwined with two parallel development clues: Anna's pursuit of freedom of love and Levin's exploration of social solutions. Through these two plot clues, the novel not only vividly reflects Russia's The changes in society also clearly exposed the sharp contradictions in Tolstoy's worldview.
"Resurrection": In "Resurrection", Tolstoy made an extremely sharp criticism of the landlord-bourgeois society and expressed his views on the state, the church, private ownership of land and capitalism. With strong anger, he exposed the serious disasters that the autocratic system had brought to the people. Protagonist: Maslova, Nekhludoff.
Stefan Zweig (1881-1942), a famous Austrian writer, novelist, and biographer. He is good at writing novels and biographies, as well as poetry, drama, biographies, prose features and translation works. He is famous for depicting human inner impulses, such as pride, vanity, jealousy, hatred, and other simple emotions, and is full of sensational skills.
His novels mostly describe people's subconscious activities and their fate driven by passion. His works are good at character creation and psychological portrayal, and he prefers some kind of dramatic plot. But he is not trying to attract readers with the twists and turns of the plot, but rather uses the plainness of life to highlight people and things that make people linger.
He was born into a wealthy Jewish family. In his youth, he studied philosophy and literature in Vienna and Berlin. Later, he traveled around the world, met Romain Rolland, Rodin and others, and was influenced by them. During World War I, he engaged in anti-war work and became a famous pacifist. In the 1920s, he went to the Soviet Union and met Gorky. He was expelled by the Nazis in 1934 and went into exile in the United Kingdom and Brazil. In 1942, he and his wife committed suicide in loneliness and disillusionment.
Since the 1920s, Stefan Zweig has "won a wide reputation for his works in German that are not compromised by his works in English and French." He is good at using various genres and has written poems, novels, dramas, literary theories, biographies, and also engaged in literary translation. He has outstanding attainments in poetry, short essays, novels, dramas and biographies, but among his works, he is especially famous for his novels and biographies. Zweig was interested in psychology and Freudian theory, and his works are good at meticulous character characterization, as well as descriptions of personal experiences and spiritual passion under strange fate. His works have enduring charm around the world. Many domestic publishing houses have published almost all of his biographies and novels in recent years.
His representative works include the novels "First Experience", "Malay Madman", "Fear", "Confusion of Feelings", "The Turning Point of Human Destiny" (also translated as "The Turning Point of Life"), "A "Letter from a Strange Woman" (also translated as "Letter from a Strange Woman"), "The Story of Chess", "24 Hours in a Woman's Life", "Battle of Waterloo", "Dangerous Mercy", etc.; memoir "The World of Yesterday" "; biographies "The Rights of Heretics", "The Voyage of Magellan", "The Beheaded Queen", "When the Stars of Mankind Shine" (also translated as "When the Stars of Mankind Shine"), "The Three Masters", "With the Elves" "Struggle", "Three Poets Describing Their Lives", "Three Writers", etc.
He is recognized as one of the most outstanding novella writers in the world.