Explanation☆
1. Common thoughts and emotions in poetry
1 When worrying about the country:
Exposing the ruler’s stupidity and decadence For example: Du Mu's "Passing the Huaqing Palace" (Looking back at Chang'an, there are piles of embroidery, and thousands of gates are opened on the top of the mountain. Riding on the red dust concubine laughs, no one knows that it is lychee.)
Reflecting the pain of chaos, such as: Du Fu's " "Spring Hope" (The country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city has deep spring vegetation. Feeling the flowers splashing with tears, hating the other birds and frightening the heart. The peaks are burning for three months, and letters from home are worth ten thousand gold. The white-headed scratches are shorter, and the lust is overwhelming.)
Sympathy for the people's sufferings, such as: "Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind", Bai Juyi's "The Charcoal Seller"
Concerns about the future and destiny of the country and nation, such as: Du Fu's "Climbing the Tower" (Flowers Near the High-rise Building) It hurts the guest's heart. The spring scenery of Jinjiang comes to heaven and earth, and the jade barrier changes from ancient to modern. The North Pole court will never change, and the Western Mountain bandits will not invade each other. The poor queen returns to the temple and sings for Liang Fu in the evening.
2. Serve the country with meritorious deeds
The desire to make meritorious deeds is exemplified by Cao Cao's "The Turtle Lives Longevity" (Although the tortoise has a long life, it still has its time. A flying snake rides on the mist, but in the end it becomes ashes.) The old man is full of ambitions. In his old age, his ambition is endless. He is not only blessed by the sky, but also blessed with eternal life. Songs to express his ambitions. "Shu Anger" by Lu You. Difficulties)
The determination to protect the homeland and the country is as follows: Wang Changling's "Army March" (The snow-capped mountains are dark with long clouds in Qinghai, and the isolated city looks at Yumen Pass in the distance. The yellow sand will wear golden armor in a hundred battles, and Loulan will never be returned until it is broken.)
p>The sadness of having no way to serve the country is like: Xin Qiji's "Nostalgia for the Past in Beigu Pavilion, Jingkou" "Ugly Slave? A young man doesn't know the feeling of sorrow"
The pain of losing mountains and rivers is like: Lu You's "Shi'er" ( When I die, I know that everything will be in vain, but I will not see the same thing as Jiuzhou. On the day when Wang Shibei decided to go to the Central Plains, he did not forget to tell Nai Weng for family sacrifices.) Wen Tianxiang's "Crossing the Lingding Ocean" (After a hard encounter, only stars fell in the war. The mountains and rivers were broken and the wind floated. , life is full of ups and downs. I am afraid of being alone on the beach, and sighing alone in the ocean. Since ancient times, no one has died, leaving a loyal heart to reflect the history.)
The lament of the passing of time, the ambition is hard to achieve, such as: Su Shi's " "Shui Tiao Ge Tou? Chibi Nostalgic"
Revealing the ruler's brutal military tactics: Du Fu's "Army Chariots"
The sad mood of unknown ideals: Qu Yuan's "Fording the River"
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3. Homesickness and nostalgia for people
Thoughts of traveling while traveling are like: Meng Haoran's "Staying on the Jiande River" (Moving the boat to Yanzhu, the guests are worried about the new arrival at dusk. The wild sky is low and the trees are low, and the clear moon on the river is close to the people) .) Wen Tingyun's "Morning Journey to Shangshan" (Starting in the morning to march to Duo, the travelers are sad for their hometown. The chickens sing in the moonlit shop, and there are frosts on Banqiao. The oak leaves fall on the mountain road, and the mandarin flowers brighten the post wall. Thinking of Du Ling's dream, and the wild geese. Manhui Pond)
Missing relatives and friends is like Wang Wei's "Remembering Shandong Brothers on September 9th" and Su Shi's "Jiangchengzi? Ten Years of Life and Death"
Being homesick at the border is like ：Fan Zhongyan's "The Proud Fisherman" (Autumn comes under the barrier and the scenery is strange. The geese from Hengyang leave without paying attention. Sounds are heard from all sides. Thousands of miles away, the smoke is long and the sun sets. The lonely city is closed. A glass of turbid wine can lead to a home thousands of miles away. There is no way for Yan Ran to return home. . The Qiang tubes are covered with frost, people can't sleep, the general's hair is white and his husband is in tears! )
Being pregnant with someone in the boudoir is like: Wang Changling's "Girlfriend's Grudge" (The young woman in the boudoir doesn't know her sorrow, and goes up to the green building with makeup on the spring day. Suddenly she sees the color of willows on the street, and she regrets teaching her husband to find a prince.) Ouyang Xiu " "Treading on the Shasha" (Waiting for the pavilion with lingering plum blossoms, thin willows on the creek bridges, the smoked grass and the warm wind shaking the bridle. The sorrow of separation gradually becomes infinite, and the distance is endless like spring water. Every inch of the soft intestine is full of pink tears, and the building is high and close to the dangerous lantern. Pingwu The whole place is the Spring Mountain, and the travelers are outside the Spring Mountain.) Li Bai's "Midnight Wu Song" (The moon in Chang'an, the sound of thousands of households pounding clothes. The autumn wind can't blow, but the love of the jade is always there. When will the Hulu be pacified, the good man will stop the expedition?)
4. Miscellaneous feelings of life
Fonds on landscapes and pastoral leisure, such as: Wang Wei's "Mountain Dwelling in the Dark Autumn" and Meng Haoran's "Passing the Old Friend's Village"
The prosperity of the past and the present Fading sentiments such as: Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slowness", Liu Yuxi's "Black Clothes Alley"
Feelings that use the past to satirize the present are such as: Xin Qiji's "Nostalgia for the Past in Beigu Pavilion, Jingkou"
Youth is Easy The sadness of death is such as: Li Qingzhao's "Like a Dream? Last Night Rain and the Wind Sudden"
The depression of frustrated career is such as: Bai Juyi's "Pipa Xing" and Su Shi's "Shui Tiao Ge Tou? When will the bright moon come"
The joys of comforting life are such as: Du Fu's "Spring Night Joyful Rain", "Hearing the Army's Recruitment of Henan and Hebei", Xin Qiji's "Moon in the West River" (The bright moon leaves the branches and the magpies are frightened, and the breeze sings the cicadas in the middle of the night. The fragrance of the rice flowers says a good year, listen to the sound of the frogs) One piece. Seven or eight stars in the sky, in front of the two-three-point rain mountain. By the forest of the old Maodianshe, I suddenly saw the bridge on the road)
5. Farewell at the Changting Pavilion
Reluctant to leave. Souvenirs such as: Liu Yong's "Yulin Ling" and Wang Wei's "Weicheng Song".
Lovely and meaningful encouragement such as: Wang Bo's "Farewell to Du Shaofu for his appointment in Shuchuan" (The city is auxiliary to the Three Qin Dynasties, and the wind and smoke look to Wujin. I want to say goodbye to you, and we are both eunuchs and travelers. There are close friends in the sea, and the world is far away. If you are next to each other. If you are on the wrong road, your children will be stained with towels.)
A confession that expresses one's aspirations can be seen in Wang Changling's "Farewell to Xin Jian at the Furong Tower" (The cold rain comes in the river at night, and I see off my guests in Chushan. Lonely. Relatives and friends in Luoyang are like asking each other, and a heart of ice is in a jade pot)
2. Issues to pay attention to when evaluating the ideological content of the work
1. Understand the writer's life, thoughts, and creative style. It helps to understand and grasp the content of his works.
2. An era has its own characteristics, and each era has its own literature. A proper understanding of the style of a certain era will also help to accurately grasp the literary works of that era.
3. Many ancient poems have a short "preface" in front of them. Some explain the year of creation, some explain the reason for creation, some explain the creation process, and some explain the creation process. It explains the background of creation and in some cases sets the emotional tone for the entire work. It is also crucial to understanding the ideological content of the work.
4. The thoughts and feelings of most works are not single, and may be intertwined with many very complex emotions. Special attention should be paid to this. Of course, readers can sometimes also use the original works to express their thoughts and feelings. Imagine and recreate. In addition, a writer's overall creative interests and style are generally fixed, but the existence of special cases in individual works is not ruled out.
3. To appreciate various types of poetry, you must master some macro-appreciation essentials:
1. Lyrical poems that borrow scenes, you must appreciate the artistic conception of the blending of scenes in the poem, and understand the emotions expressed by the poet's description of the scene. , grasp its writing skills and language characteristics; poetry about things is when the poet does not directly express his thoughts and feelings, but uses symbols, sentiments and other techniques to integrate some of his own ideals and personality interests into some specific things , to achieve the purpose of expressing aspirations;
2. Poems about chanting history and remembering ancient times should connect with the background and understand emotions (emotions about the rise and fall, expressing grief or satirizing the present through the past);
3. Poems about spring and farewell are used to express feelings about the passing of spring and unrealized ambitions, or to express infinite longing for relatives, friends, and lovers;
4. Landscape pastoral poems are poets' Taking landscapes and pastoral areas as aesthetic objects, he applies delicate brushstrokes to quiet mountains and leisurely fields, creating a pastoral life to express his dissatisfaction with reality and his yearning for a quiet and peaceful life;
5. Frontier battle poems reflect the fighting spirit of frontier soldiers who are not afraid of hard work and defend the frontier, or describe the deep emotions of soldiers and their relatives missing each other, or satirize and admonish rulers who expand territory and expand borders and resort to militarism;
6. Farewell poems for friends, which use scenery to exaggerate the desolate atmosphere during parting, and express feelings of difficulty or encouragement;
7. Boudoir resentment poems, which describe the complaints of women in the boudoir against their husbands who have not returned home for a long time. Or the longing for the husband who is far away on the border; the travel poems are the vision and longing for the distant hometown triggered by the poets who are wandering in foreign lands through what they see and hear;
8. Talk Zen reasoning poems are poets who express their Zen-like enlightenment or understanding of things in poems. Such poems often have an ethereal realm that is not like the fireworks of the world, etc.
4. Standard answering language when appreciating the emotion, content, and theme of poetry
Subject matter: lyric poems describing scenes (such as Wang Wei's "Mountain Dwelling in the Dark Autumn", Du Fu's "Ascend the High", "Climbing Yueyang Tower"); poems about objects and aspirations (love) (such as Li Shangyin's "Jin Se", Du Fu's "Spring Night Joyful Rain", He Zhizhang's "Ode to the Willows"); epic poems about nostalgia (such as Su Shi's "Niannujiao? Red Cliff Nostalgia", Xin Qiji "Yong Yu Le? Nostalgic for the Past in Guting, Beigu Pavilion, Jingkou", Du Fu's "The Prime Minister of Shu", Liu Yuxi's "Stone City"); poems about the situation (such as Li Yu's "The Poppy", Liu Yong's "The Ring in the Rain", Li Qingzhao's "One Cut Plum", Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow"; frontier battle poems (such as Wang Changling's "Out of the Fortress", Gao Shi's "Yan Ge Xing", Cen Shen's "Baixue Ge Sends Magistrate Wu Back to the Capital")
Evaluation of ideological content: expression of ideological content. The thoughts and feelings of... reflect the social reality of..., express the taste of..., and express the feelings of... (such as admiration, melancholy, melancholy, depression, etc.). Express the pursuit of..., reveal the tendency of..., express the emotion of... The emotions of...
Think about the thoughts and feelings expressed in poetry: infatuation, sorrow, melancholy, loneliness, sadness, loneliness, boredom, tranquility, leisure, joy, admiration, anger, adherence to moral integrity, concern for the country Concern for the people, contempt for the powerful, unrecognized talents, unrequited ambition, retreat to the countryside, cherish the spring and mourn the autumn, miss the past and miss relatives (friends), remember friends and nostalgia, do not hate separation, miss each other, long-lasting love between children, steadfast love, nostalgia for the past and the present , borrowing from the past to satirize the present, being cynical, climbing high to see the sights, loving the landscape, loving nature, etc.
☆Examination direction☆
1. Understanding of the emotions expressed
2. Revealing the deeper meaning of the poem
3. Understanding the theme of the poem
Type of question: "What kind of thoughts and feelings are expressed", "What kind of social reality is reflected" , "What kind of sentiment is expressed", "What is the theme" or questions based on the artistic conception, or questions about a certain sentence or couplet
Question-solving format:
1. The emotion expressed. : What content + what emotion is expressed (residing/revealing)
2. Summarize the theme of the poem: what kind of poem is this + what is written in each sentence of the poem + what technique is used + what emotion is expressed +Evaluation (total score formula)
Key points for answering questions:
First, analyze what is specifically written in the poems involved based on the description of the poems;
Second It is to reveal the main idea and reveal the emotion. The answer form used is "described... expressed...".