1, chanting cicadas
Luo
Cicadas sing in the west, and guests think of the south.
I can't stand the shadow on my temple to break the heart of a white-haired prisoner.
His flight passed through the thick fog, and his pure voice was drowned in the world of wind.
Who knows if he is still singing? Who will listen to me? ?
This poem was written in senior three (678). At that time, King Robin was appointed as an assistant inspector. He was falsely accused of taking bribes because he touched the marquis of Wu in this matter. Syntactically, the first two sentences are antithetical sentences, but in practice, cicadas are used to arouse the guests' thoughts. At the beginning of the poem, Qiu Chan sings, which is shocking. Next, it points out that the poet deeply misses his home in prison. Three or four sentences, one about cicada and one about myself, form a flowing pair with "I can't help it" and "I'm right" to connect things with me. The poet satirized Wu Zetian several times and even went to jail. Great young people, after all kinds of political torture, have disappeared, with stars and white hair on their heads. Seeing this singing Qiu Chan in prison, he was still in the dark, and he couldn't help hurting himself. At the same time, he recalled his childhood, which was not as good as Qiu Chan's singing. Now he has accomplished nothing, even went to prison. In these ten words, the poet expressed this kind of sadness in a euphemistic and tortuous way. At the same time, Whitehead is the name of Yuefu music. According to legend, after Sima Xiangru's love for Zhuo Wenjun in the Western Han Dynasty was not special, Zhuo Wenjun wrote a "Whitehead Song" to self-harm. His poem says: "Sadness is heavy and sad. You don't need to cry when you get married. You must unite and never give up. " (See "Miscellanies of Xijing") The poet skillfully used this allusion here, further metaphor that the ruler failed the poet's loyalty and love for the country. The word "Bai tou yin" plays a pun role here, which is deeper than the original intention. On the cross, it says, "What's so sad? What's so sad about it? What's so sad? " None of them are used, but they are deliberately hidden, which fully shows the implicit beauty of poetry.
The last five or six sentences are purely "bi". There is not a word in the two sentences that is not about cicadas, and there is not a word that is not about yourself. "Exposing the weight" and "windy" are metaphors of environmental pressure, "flying hard" is a metaphor of political dissatisfaction, and "speaking loudly is easy to sink" is a metaphor of suppressed speech. Cicada is like this, so am I. Things are mixed here and inseparable. Only when the poems about objects are written in such a state can they be regarded as "reposing in the distance".
When the poet wrote this poem, he was full of emotion and skillful, so he was strong in the end. The seventh sentence, make persistent efforts, still use the comparative level. Qiu Chan is on high, eating the wind and drinking the dew. Who believes it doesn't eat fireworks? The poet's lofty character was not understood at that time. Instead, he was framed and imprisoned. "Who knows if he is still singing?" It is also an excuse for accepting bribes. However, as Chu Quyuan said in Li Sao during the Warring States Period, "The world is turbid and has no points, so it is beautiful and jealous." In this case, who will avenge the poet? "You must pity me and pity you", only cicada can sing for me, and only I can sing for cicada. The last sentence is in the form of a question. Cicada and the poet are integrated.
This poem, written in adversity, is full of emotion, clear metaphor, natural allusions and witty remarks. It expresses feelings and interests in chanting things, from things to people, from people to things, and achieves the realm of unity of things and me. It is a masterpiece in chanting poems.
2. Mo Mei
Wang Mian
The first tree in my Xiyan Lake is light ink.
Don't boast about the good color, just let the air be full of dried Kun.
Poetic:
There is a plum tree in the West Wild Goose Lake near my home, and the blooming plum blossoms are all covered with faint ink marks. You don't need others to praise its beautiful color, as long as you leave a fragrant smell between heaven and earth.
This is a poem. Momei is a brightly colored plum blossom. Poets praise Mo Mei and Dont Ask For Help, just to leave a fragrance of virtue to the world. In fact, he used Mei as a metaphor to express his life attitude and noble sentiment.
The first two sentences, "The first tree in my family, Xiyan Lake, is blooming with faint ink marks", which directly describes Mo Mei. In the painting, the plum trees by the pond are in full bloom, and the plum blossoms are stained with a faint ink color. "West Wild Goose Lake" is the allusion of Wang Xizhi's "middle school books in the pool, and the water in the pool is all black". The poet has the same surname as Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher in Jin Dynasty, so he said "my home".
Three or four sentences praise Mo Mei's moral integrity. It is painted in light ink, although its appearance is not exquisite, it has a beautiful, noble and dignified, secluded and detached inner temperament; It doesn't want to attract people, please people and get people's praise with bright colors. It just wants to send out a fragrance and let it stay between heaven and earth. These two sentences are the poet's self-portrayal. Wang Mian grew up in a poor family, herding cattle during the day and studying hard under the ever-burning lamps of Buddhist temples at night. Finally, he learned a lot. He is good at poetry and painting, and he is versatile. However, he tried every time and didn't want to curry favor with the powerful, so he decided to be rich and famous, and lived in seclusion in Jiulishan, East Zhejiang, drawing rice for a living. The phrase "don't boast of his lewdness, just leave one breath to dry Kun" shows the poet's vulgar, independent and unrequited character.
This poem, titled Mo Mei, is intended to express one's ambition. The poet organically integrates painting style, poetic style and personality. Literally praising plum blossoms is actually appreciating the virtue of a person standing.
In this poem, a "light" and a "full" have their own personalities. On the one hand, the richness of Mo Mei and the image of the poet's pride are vividly on the paper; On the other hand, it makes people feel that the fragrance of calligraphy and plum blossoms seems to come to their faces. Thus, the "poetic style", "painting style" and personality are skillfully integrated.
3. Lime songs
Yu Qian
It can only be extracted from the deep mountains after being struck by thousands of hammers. It regards the burning of the burning fire as a very common thing.
Broken bones and muddy bodies are not afraid, but only innocence remains in the world.
Poetic:
(Stone) can only be mined from the mountain after many impacts. It regards the burning of fire as an ordinary thing, even if it is smashed into pieces, it is not afraid, and it is willing to leave its innocence in the world.
This is a poem that holds things in the air to express one's ambition. The author uses lime as a metaphor to express his determination to be loyal to the country, not afraid of sacrifice and stick to noble sentiments.
As an object-chanting poem, it is of no value if it is only a mechanical record of things without the deep meaning of the author. The value of this poem lies in the metaphor that lime is everywhere, and reciting lime is to praise a person's open mind and lofty personality.
The first sentence, "It's not easy to dig limestone". The second sentence is "If the fire burns, it will be idle." "Burning", of course, refers to burning limestone. Adding the word "if you are idle" makes people feel that you are not only burning limestone, but also symbolizes that people with lofty ideals will take their time and regard it as idle no matter how severe the test is. The third sentence is "I am not afraid of death." "Broken to pieces" vividly describes that limestone is burned into lime powder. The word "mud without fear" reminds us that there may be a spirit of not being afraid of sacrifice. As for the last sentence "keep the world innocent", it is the author's sincere feelings and determination to be a pure and innocent person.
Yu Qian was deeply loved by the people for being an official and upright, rehabilitating unjust imprisonment and relieving famine. In Ming Yingzong, Walla invaded and Yingzong was captured. Yu Qian proposed the establishment of Jingdi, personally led the troops to stick to Beijing, repelled Vala, and rescued the people from the brutal rule of Mongolian nobles again. However, after the British Restoration, the national hero was falsely killed for "treason". This poem of lime can be said to be a true portrayal of Yu Qian's life and personality.
4.plum blossom
Wang Song Anshi
There are some plums in the corner, and cold ling opens them alone.
I knew from a distance that it wasn't snow, because there was a smell coming.
Poetic:
There are several white plum blossoms in the corner, braving the cold and blooming proudly alone. From a distance, I know it's not snow, because there are waves of fragrance coming.
The poet described the purity and beauty of plum blossom with snow by appreciating its noble character of not being afraid of cold, and pointed out that plum blossom has a "dark fragrance" more than snow, which shows the great charm of a strong and noble personality. In the extremely complicated and difficult situation of the Northern Song Dynasty, the author actively reformed, but failed to get support. His lonely mentality and difficult situation naturally have something in common with Meihua. This little poem has profound implications, and the sentences are simple and natural, without any traces of carving.
5. Bamboo stone
Xie (xiè)
Bamboo is not relaxed at all, its roots are firmly embedded in the cracks in the rocks.
After thousands of tortures and blows, it is still strong, whether it is the southeast wind or the northwest wind in winter, it can bear it and will still be tough and straight.
Poetic:
Bamboo clings to the green hills, and its roots are firmly rooted in the cracks in the rocks. After thousands of tortures and blows, it can withstand both the southeast wind in hot summer and the northwest wind in cold winter, and it is still tenacious.
This poem embodies the tenacity and persistence of bamboo. It is a poem praising Yanzhu, a poem chanting things, a poem personifying Yanzhu with the word "assertion", which conveys its charm; The last two sentences further describe the character of Yanzhu. After numerous hardships, Yanzhu has grown into a particularly tall and straight figure, and has never been afraid of the strong winds in the east, west, north and south. Zheng Xie not only wrote beautiful poems about bamboo, but also painted it vividly. In his words, he painted bamboo to comfort the working people in the world. So this poem is written on the surface of bamboo, but in fact it is written on people, and it is written on the author's own upright and stubborn character. He will never bow to any evil forces. At the same time, this poem can also touch our lives, overcome difficulties in a tortuous and harsh environment, face reality, be as strong and brave as Yanzhu, and reflect the feelings of patriots.
6.horses
Don Lihe
The desert sand is like snow, and the Yanshan moon is like a hook.
Don't be a golden brain, go and step on the clear autumn.
Poetic:
Yanshan desert (intertextuality here), the moon is like a silver hook, and under the moonlight, the dust is like snowflakes. When can I ride my armored fast horse and gallop freely in the clear autumn?
This poem was written by a famous horse, with a vast frontier. You can go forward bravely and only know the name of the Lord. The word "he dang" expresses hope. In the era when Li He lived, there were frequent wars in the buffer regions. The author uses a famous horse as an analogy, saying that although he is born with talent, he also has a place to use, but he still needs to cherish his talent. This is the basic intention of Li Hema's poems. In his short life, Li He has always cherished the heart of making contributions. To this end, he even preferred to join the army. But this ideal can never be realized, so there is always an atmosphere of grief and indignation in his poems.
7. chant willow
He zhangzhi
Jasper dressed as a tree, hanging down ten thousand green silk tapestries.
I don't know who cut the thin leaves, but the spring breeze in February is like scissors.
Poetic:
Tall willows, dressed like jasper, are covered with green silk strips. I don't know who cut this thin willow leaf, but it is like the February spring breeze of scissors.
This is an object-chanting poem about willow trees in early spring and February.
The beauty of willow image lies in Naman's long branches. Once a year, it grows new green leaves and hangs down, which has a charming posture in the spring breeze. This is something that everyone can appreciate. In classical poetry, readers often see this kind of imagery beauty to describe and compare a beautiful woman's slim figure and graceful waist. This poem is original. Turn it over. "Jasper pretends to be a tall tree". At first, Liu Yang appeared as a beautiful woman: "Thousands of threads of moss tapestry hang down", and these countless threads became her nepotism. The word "Gao" in the previous sentence sets off the graceful charm of beautiful Tingting; The word "hanging" in the next sentence means that the slender waist is swaying in the wind. There are no words "willow" and "waist branch" in the poem, but the beauty embodied by weeping willows and willows in early spring is vividly written. "Southern History" said that Liu Yong was the secretariat of Yizhou and presented several Shu Liu plants. "These stripes are very long and look like silk threads." Emperor Wu of Qi planted these willows in the Taichang cloud and in front of the temple, saying that they were "romantic and lovely". Here, wicker is called "green silk tapestry", which may be the hidden use of this famous allusion about willow. But it's a waste, and you can't see any traces.
"Jasper makeup" leads to "moss tapestry" and "who cut it". Finally, the intangible "spring breeze" is also vividly portrayed by "scissors". These "scissors" cut out bright green flowers and plants and put on a new makeup for the earth. It is the symbol of natural vitality and the inspiration of spring to people's beauty. From Jasper Makeup to Scissors, readers can see a series of processes of the poet's artistic conception. A series of images in poetry are closely linked.
In ancient China, there were many famous beauties, Liu. Why should we compare them with Jasper? This has two meanings: first, the name Jasper is related to the color of willow, and "Jasper" and "green" in the next sentence complement each other. Second, Jasper will always leave a young impression in people's hearts. When it comes to Jasper, people will associate it with the popular Jasper Song "When Jasper Broke a Melon" and Jasper's Little Family Daughter (Xiao Yi Picking Lotus Poems) and other poems. Jasper has almost become a general term for young and beautiful women in ancient literary works. Comparing willow with jasper, people will imagine that this beauty has not yet reached its heyday; This willow is still a willow in early spring, and it is not the time to hide crows with dense branches and leaves; This is also related to the "thin leaves" and "February spring breeze" below.
"Jasper dressed as a tree, thousands of strands of green silk tapestry hanging down", profoundly grasped the characteristics of weeping willows. In the poet's eyes, it is like the embodiment of beauty. The tall trunk is like her graceful charm, drooping wicker, like the ribbon on her skirt. Here, willow is a person, and this person is willow. There seems to be no obvious difference between the two. And "Jasper" also has a pun meaning. Literally, in harmony with the green of willow trees, it also refers to young and beautiful girls, which just echoes the following "spring breeze in February"-this is the weeping willow in early spring, and it has not yet reached the time when the trees are graceful and the shadows are clear and round. But the following two sentences are even better: "I don't know who bears the thin leaves, and the spring breeze in February is like scissors." Before he opened it, who thought the spring breeze was like scissors? Turning the warm and cold February spring breeze from invisible to tangible shows the magic and dexterity of the spring breeze, making Singing Willow a poetic model of describing the object.
This poem sings the spring breeze through the willow tree, compares the spring breeze to scissors, says that she is the creator of beauty, and praises her for cutting out the spring. This poem is full of people's joy in early spring. The novelty and appropriateness of metaphor and metaphor is the success of this poem. Therefore, "300 Notes on Tang Poetry" says: "Give something wonderful, which means tenderness."
8. Yan's home is like chanting bamboo.
Du Fu
The green bamboo is half hidden, and the new buds are out of the wall.
The color invades the book late, and the shadow is cooler than the bottle.
The rain washed Juanjuan clean, and the wind blew a fragrance.
But without cutting, I will meet the clouds.
Poetic:
Half of the light green bamboo is still wrapped in bamboo shoots, and the new branches have just stretched out of the wall. Green permeates the book cover, lingering, and the bamboo shadow moves over the bottle, feeling cool. Bamboo looks beautiful and clean after being washed by rain, and it can smell a faint fragrance when the breeze blows. As long as it is not destroyed, you can certainly see it grow to the height of the cloud.
Pine, bamboo and plum have always been loved by people, and they are also called "three friends of the old cold". The character of bamboo is also praised. There have been many works of chanting bamboo, which are very rich. Du Fu's "Yan Zhenggong Zhai Tong Zhu Yong", with "bamboo" as the object of chanting, is intriguing. The beginning of this poem is about the novelty and vitality of bamboo. Half of the bamboo is still wrapped in a bamboo shell, and the branches are sticking out of the wall. A few words describe the characteristics of "Hsinchu". Then in Zhuanlian, the "color" and "yin" of bamboo are highlighted, and the description angle is changed. The green outside the window seems to soak the indoor "book" in it, and the word "invasion" makes the gradual development of bamboo shadow vivid and dynamic! The company of books and wine is a pleasant thing, plus the bamboo shadow moves, and the bottle on the table feels cool and pleasant! The lovely state of bamboo jumps from the paper! Lu You described bamboo as follows: "I untied the bamboo and heard the rustling sound. I pointed out and saw the leaves leave." (Hsinchu) Du Fu's two sentences are similar to those of Lu You. If the first two couplets write about bamboo from the visual angle, then the poets of the Neck Couplet turn to write about the fragrance of bamboo, which is described from the olfactory angle. The bamboo washed by rain looks more beautiful and clean, and the breeze blows, bringing the fragrance of bamboo and refreshing. Living in such an environment, I really feel very happy and forget my troubles. The above three aspects highlight the nature of bamboo from different angles, and the gas field is full. In the last couplet, the author followed the trend: "But if there is no cut, I will meet Fu Yunchang." People only really love and protect bamboo, instead of "cutting down" and destroying lovely Hsinchu, and it will naturally grow to the height of the clouds!
Bamboo is personality. Poets repeatedly describe the loveliness of bamboo, aiming at highlighting its inner meaning: respecting nature and conforming to physical nature; Or call on the rulers to care for talents, instead of destroying them at will; Or, depending on the situation of bamboo, I hope the court can support me and let me "extend my best wishes to you" to do my bit for the country and the world. ...
This poem is very apt and vivid; Expressing ambition is euphemistic and implicit. Worth careful taste.