The famous ancient battlefield of the Three Kingdoms in Sichuan is Baima Pass, one of the five passes in Jiannan in ancient times. Baima Pass is located on the northern edge of the Western Sichuan Plain. It was called Mianzhu Pass during the Three Kingdoms, Lutou Pass during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and was called Baima Pass during the Five Dynasties, and it is still used today. As the last military barrier of the ancient capital of Shu, from the Three Kingdoms to the Qing Dynasty, there have been more than a hundred major battles at Baima Pass. The most important one is undoubtedly the year 263 AD, when Zhuge Liang's eldest son Zhuge Zhan and Zhang Fei's grandson Zhang Zun led the Shu army to fight in a bloody battle with Wei general Deng Ai Zhuang's soul here, which led to the loss of Mianzhu after the pass was broken, and Liu Chan surrendered to Shu Han and perished. What we are going to visit today is the ancient battlefield of Daowan Bagua Valley, which covers an area of ??more than 1,000 acres where this war took place.
The biggest features of Daowan Bagua Valley are: strange rocks and secluded forests. The entire scenic area has lush ancient trees and huge boulders of different shapes. Being in it feels like entering a primeval forest, and you feel excited and surprised. In the spring of March, the nameless flowers in the Bagua Valley sway in the wind, and the occasional call of a cuckoo adds to the tranquility of the valley. In midsummer, the cool breeze blows in the valley, frogs chirp, and the tinkling of the mountain spring is a pleasant feeling. Nature comes to mind; in late autumn, bright red wild fruits hang high on the branches, and golden leaves flow down and cover the paths and hills; in the middle of winter, see thousands of trees covered in silver, giving birth to another spring.
There is no need to start or end on any road when traveling to Daowan. Just entering Daowan is the starting point, and walking out of Daowan is the end point. Of course, if this is your first time here, don’t walk hastily, because the terrain of Daowan is complex and peculiar. People who are familiar with it can find the destination anywhere. People who are not familiar with it are like getting into the Bagua array set up by Zhuge and his sons. , can't find a way out.
The geological structure of Daowan can be traced back to about 20,000 years ago, which is the Cretaceous geological era. At that time, the world was primitive, and the location of Baima Pass was still a strange underwater world. The gravel and lava were impacted into countless ravines, as if these rocks were forced into a dilemma by the ocean currents. Later, the sea disappeared, forming barriers one after another, which later became the ancient battlefield of Baimaguan in the cold weapon era, and it became the natural scenic spot we visit today - Dao Bay. Rather than saying that there is an inverted bay in Baima Pass, it is better to say that it is the inverted bay that makes Baima Pass.
Having said so much, you will definitely ask, where did the name Daowan come from? Then let me tell you. As mentioned before, a crucial and life-or-death battle took place here. "The energy from the distance at the foot of the dangerous slope is like a tiger, and the loyal soul of a deer head spits out a white rainbow." In 263 AD, Zhuge Liang's son Zhuge Zhan, Zhang Fei's grandson Zhang Zun, Li Hui's nephew Li Qiu, and Huang Quan's son Huang Chong spilled their blood at Mianzhu Pass (Baima Pass) in Lutou Mountain, composing a tragic and heroic elegy. Liu Chan surrendered , Shu Han died. The commander who commanded the Lutoushan Mianzhu Pass against Cao Wei's army was Zhuge Zhan, who was born when Zhuge Liang was 47 years old. He married a Shuhan princess when he was 17 years old. In the second year, he was promoted to Yulin Zhonglang General. After that, he continued to be promoted. Until he took up the position of military advisor and general that his father Zhuge Liang once held. In 263 AD, Wei's general Deng Ai, who conquered the west, General Zhong Hui who Zhenxi, and Zhuge Xu, the governor of Yongzhou, divided into three groups to attack Shu. Jiang Wei, the great general of Shu, petitioned Liu Chan and requested that the left and right cavalry generals and generals lead their troops to guard the entrance of Yang'an Pass (today's Yangping Pass, Shaanxi Province) and the Yinping Bridge. The eunuch Huang Hao, who was favored by Liu Chan, was a superstitious witchcraft. Believing that the enemy would not attack, he suppressed this urgent document that was related to the life and death of the Shu Han after the report, so that none of the court officials knew about it. As a result, when Deng Ai attacked, Jiang Wei was defeated by Deng Ai and had to return to Yinping (Wen County, Gansu) to defend. So Deng Ai led a group of elite troops to attack Yinping Pass from the uninhabited trail and break through Jiangyou Pass. By the time Zhuge Zhan arrived at Fu County, the vanguard had been defeated. Huang Chong, the minister, cried bitterly and urged Zhuge Zhan to immediately secure the defense and not let the enemy attack. However, Zhuge Zhan thought that time was too short to resist the enemy, so he retreated to Mianzhu. After setting up troops to defend Mianzhu Pass in Lutou Mountain, Deng Ai invaded Fu County and sent a letter to lure Zhuge Zhan, saying: "If you surrender, I will definitely ask the King of Wei to make you King Langya." Zhuge Zhan became furious. , beheaded Deng Ai's envoy in a fit of rage, and climbed to Lutoushan to command the Shu army to engage in a decisive battle with the Cao Wei army led by Deng Ai. In front of Mianzhu Pass, gongs and drums were clanging, war horses neighed, and the sound of killing was loud. However, most of the troops that Zhuge Zhan hastily mobilized from the rear had never participated in combat and had no actual combat experience. Although they occupied favorable terrain, they were gradually defeated by the Wei army's fierce offensive. Mianzhu Pass flowed with blood and corpses littered the fields. Zhuge Zhan and Zhang Zun were beheaded by the Wei army one after another, most of the Shu army officers and soldiers were martyred, and Mianzhu Pass was lost. And here, it was named "Daowan" because of the constant falls of Shu Han soldiers.
The red betel nuts on both sides of the road are called "wild betel nut". There is also a legend about these delicate wild betel nuts: The Shu Han soldiers led by Zhuge Zhan resisted the Cao Wei army here. Most of the Shu Han soldiers died in battle, and their blood dyed the entire hillside red, dyeing every grass here red. Wood. Later, where these soldiers fell, bushes of thorny wild betel nut grew up. Every autumn and winter, the branches of these wild betel nut are covered with bunches of fiery red betel nuts. Looking around, the hillside is covered in bright red, and the mountains and plains are like a sea of ??fire. In this red, you can vaguely see the scene of the Shu Han soldiers bleeding into rivers. In addition, the homophonic pronunciation of "betel nut" is "Binglangzi". Therefore, people say that these blood-red betel nuts are the symbols of Zhuge Zhan and the soldiers who died in Shu. Changed by the heroic spirit.
The terrain of Daowan is complex and peculiar, with jagged rocks, intertwined ditches and beams, different stone formations, and unfathomable depth. The Bagua Valley is shaped like a maze, and the towering trees are beautiful and quiet. The natural beauty is dizzying. , worthy of being an ingenious work of nature. "Withered vines, old trees and dim crows, small bridges and flowing water, people live in houses. The west wind blows in the ancient road and the horses are thin, the sun sets in the west, and the heartbroken people are at the end of the world." This should be the artistic conception described by Mr. Ma Zhiyuan, right? Unknowingly, we have come to a landscape called "Yuanyang Pond". You can take a look at the layout of Yuanyang Pond. It is composed of a dry cave and a water cave. The dry cave here and the rock behind The water holes are connected together in pairs, so they are called Yuanyang Pool. Legend has it that a thousand-year-old frog lived here at first. It played and sang in the cave day and night, so this ancient frog is also called the Fuqin Frog. Later, the hole dried up and the ancient frog disappeared. But every time summer comes, the frogs still chirp here, just like the sound of a musician's piano.
There are many strange-shaped stones in this place. Its name is "Five Scenic Spots of Lumen". What are the five sceneries in the "Five Scenic Spots of Lumen"? They are: golden monkeys to pray for birthdays, elephants to welcome good luck, heavenly dogs to protect them, pangolin covers, and a line connecting the sky. You can try to match the big rocks above our heads with our five scenes and see if you can find them. In fact, it is very simple. Look, this is the "elephant welcoming good luck". The elephant's nose is slightly raised. Is it vivid and lifelike? The pangolin on the rock has its eyes wide open, as if it is about to pass through the mountain. The heavenly dog ??on the top of the cliff is lying down and staring down, as if it can really bless us with safety and happiness. The golden monkey on the top of the mountain bends slightly, and its playful birthday greetings make people laugh. Let’s take a look at our “One Line to the Sky”. You can observe and compare it to see the difference between our “One Line to the Sky” in Dawan and the “One Line to the Sky” in Mount Emei. Looking from the "line to the sky" where we fell into the bay, the sky and the earth were connected into a line. It was really only as wide as a line.
The stones here have different shapes, and they have a unique flavor no matter which angle you look at them. Please be sure to pay attention to safety when taking photos. Does anyone know what this vacant land is used for? Maybe some friends who are familiar with the story of the Three Kingdoms may have guessed that, by the way, it is specially used to play war drums. Everyone must know that in ancient times, the drums were beaten first and then the charge was fought. The louder and more powerful the drums are, the more morale-boosting the army is, and the more likely it is that the army will win. It can be seen that when fighting in ancient times, how well the drums were beaten played a decisive role in a war. Therefore, this place is called "Leiguping".
Along the way, we came to Zhonghun Valley. You may have noticed two huge skeleton-like boulders on the edge of the cliff. Regarding these two skulls, there is a legend among the people: In the bloody battle at Mianzhu Pass, corpses were everywhere and rivers of blood flowed. The defeat of the Shu army was a foregone conclusion, but Zhuge Zhan and Zhang Zun still fought bravely in the enemy's formation. The spirit of looking back at death is moving. They were exhausted, severely injured, and finally captured. However, they refused to surrender, so they were beheaded. This is the place where they were beheaded. As a result, their heroic spirits turned into two skulls and have been guarding the former battlefield here. They never die in peace. Therefore, the common people call this place "Eternal Hate".
After leaving "Zhonghun Valley", the next thing we want to see is the "Liver Gallstone". Please see, the two stones in front of you are "liver and gallstones". Legend has it that at that time, the Shu Han army was defeated, and Zhuge Zhan would rather die than surrender. In order to show his loyalty to the Shu Han Dynasty, he had his liver and gallbladder exposed by dissection. Later, his liver and gallbladder turned into these two stones, giving rise to the "hepatogallstone" we see now. ". "Loyalty hangs down all over the world, and it shines brightly on the sun and moon." Loyalty can be learned from the sincerity and gallbladder, and it is awe-inspiring.
In fact, along the way, it is not difficult for us to see that there are strange-shaped stones everywhere. In addition to the named ones, there are also many unnamed ones. You can give full play to your imagination. What do you think? Please express your opinions on what it looks like and what it is. Maybe it will actually be named after you in the future. For example, some people say this stone looks like a lion's head, while others say it looks like a crocodile. What do you think it looks like?
The Daowan where we are located belongs to the scope of Lutou Mountain. So why is this mountain called Lutoushan? The legend goes like this: Zhang Lutou, a minister in Du Yu's time in the ancient Shu Kingdom, urged Du Yu to refuse to accept the treasures and beauties presented by Qin. Du Yu became angry and expelled Zhang Lutou from the court. Zhang Lutou came to live here and began his monastic career here. When the Qin army was conquering Shu, they passed by this mountain. Zhang Lutou argued with Zhang Yi, the commander of the Qin army. Zhang Yi had no answer and sent troops to step over Zhang Lutou. Later generations were moved by his patriotic spirit and named the place Lutou Mountain.
The place we are in now is called "Aoyu Listening". It is these three stones side by side. Do you think they look like three fish? It is said that Zhang Lutou practiced Taoism and preached here at that time. Because he was particularly knowledgeable about Taoism, nearby villagers came to listen to his sermons, and he gradually gained a certain reputation. This matter soon spread to the South China Sea. The three fish were attracted by the Taoism he preached and swam over from the South China Sea to listen to his sermon. Later, due to crustal movement, the sea dried up, and these three fish turned into fossils, which are the three stones we see now.
The huge stone in front of you has smooth cliffs and is an excellent place for rock climbing. On the top of this stone is the "Enlightenment Platform". It is said that people at that time believed that the higher the mountain, the closer it is to the sky, the closer it is to gods, and the more likely it is to become immortal. Therefore, Zhang Lutou often practiced Taoism and enlightenment on it at that time, hence the name "Enlightenment Platform".
Beside the "Enlightenment Platform", there are two huge rocks. If you stand farther away and look at the rock on the right, what do you think it looks like? By the way, some friends have already seen it, it looks like a person's profile. It is said that after Zhang Lutou became an immortal, he did not want to leave this paradise on earth, so he left his physical body here. Later, local people discovered this place and said that this huge stone was made of his face. At first glance, the gap between the two boulders is small. Most people think there is no scenery inside, so they don't go in. However, when you go in between the two big rocks, you will find that the blue sky, meadows, trees, bamboos and birds are suddenly opened up, which is intoxicating, so you have this "unique cave".
Jingqiling. Back then, countless Shu Han soldiers were waving flags and shouting here. Just imagine how moving the powerful scene was. The famous poet Lan Ye said: "There used to be flames of war here, and flags were planted everywhere; here there used to be loud cries, and injured soldiers trembled under the flags." Close your eyes and feel the wind. Can you hear the faint sound from the wind? The sound of charging horns, the flag-waving shouts of soldiers, the deafening drums, and the long neighing of war horses?
Under Jingqi Ridge, this huge boulder is like a swan fluttering its wings, protecting its unhatched offspring. Its loving eyes are full of hope, and a clear spring flows out from between the two huge pebbles. , hence the name "swan holding eggs".
Through this narrow path, what catches our eyes is a thousand-year-old ancient vine. Its name is "Lingtai Ancient Vine". The poet said that it is "an arrow feather made of roses. The arrow has been soaked in daughter's red for eighteen years. When it hits the spiritual platform, the arrow body turns into a soft ivy around the finger, until it becomes part of the spiritual platform." Roses, daughter's red , the soft ivy around the fingers, and the long history, of course, it is confusing and lingering.
Following this path upwards and passing through a narrow gate, we came to the "Bagua Stone". Legend has it that after Zhuge Zhan and Zhuge Liang learned how to set up arrays, they set up a Bagua maze array here, and a huge Bagua maze was formed here. As the saying goes, "One hexagram only needs a stone to bloom, and one hexagram only needs a stone to speak." Although it did not speak, it was here to witness the history of the Bay for thousands of years. Observe carefully, everyone, does it look like a giant Yin-Yang Bagua? The cracks in the yin are unfathomably deep, and the yang stone has holes like -. Looking down from here, the scenery of Daowan is really beautiful. Therefore, people who have been here say that this place is an ingenious work of nature.
In the early years, there were still people living here. It was really a paradise. As the government departments take the lead in developing tourist attractions, the people actively cooperate and move out. These collapsed houses on the roadside are where they used to live. If you are interested, you can go and take pictures. What is presented to everyone now is the "Zhuge Banner". There are two theories about the naming of "Zhuge Banner": one is that it is Zhuge Zhan's sword, and the other is that it is Zhuge Zhan's military flag. In fact, both of these statements are true. When we stand under the stairs and look at it, does it look like a sword sticking straight into the sky? Just like Zhuge Zhan's sword, it penetrated directly into the heart of the enemy. Climb up the stairs and take a look at this platform. It looks like a military flag fluttering in the wind. The famous poet Lin Mang said it is: "A forgotten flag, immortal for thousands of years, planted diagonally in the mountain road." From this flying military flag, can you imagine Zhuge Zhan's tall and straight figure, which looks more and more heroic under the cover of the military flag?
Information source: Luojiang County People’s Government Public Information Network