Qu yuan's portrait sketch

Qu Yuan's portrait stick figure 1 Qu Yuan's portrait stick figure 2 Qu Yuan's portrait stick figure data Qu Yuan (about 340 BC-278 BC) was a great patriotic poet in ancient China. The name is flat and the word is original. During the Warring States Period, Chu was born into a noble family, worked as a doctor and was a disciple in charge of internal affairs and foreign affairs. He advocated using talents internally, cultivating statutes, and uniting external forces against Qin. Later, he was exiled to the Yuan and Xiang river basins because he was excluded by the nobles. In 278 BC, General Bai Qi of the State of Qin attacked the capital of Chu in one fell swoop. Qu Yuan, who was concerned about his country and people, committed suicide in Shi Huai, on the Guluo River near Changsha. It is said that the Dragon Boat Festival is the anniversary of his death. He wrote many immortal poems, became the founder of China's ancient romantic poems, and created a new poetic genre, Chu Ci, on the basis of Chu folk songs. His main works include Li Sao, Nine Chapters, Nine Songs and Nine Questions. In his poems, he expressed warm patriotic thoughts and feelings, expressed his love for Chu, and embodied his unremitting pursuit of ideals and the spirit of not regretting his death. The style of "Chu Ci" initiated by him is unique in the history of China literature, and it is also called "coquettish" with the Book of Songs, which has had a positive impact on later poetry creation.

Life profile:

Qu Yuan, Mi [mǐ] surnamed Qu (different from the surname, Mi Xiong, which was called Qu Yuan by men in the pre-Qin period), whose real name is Ping, the original word, the official history of birth and death is not recorded, and there is still controversy in the history circle (born about 53 years ago). He was called "the father of poetry" by the world. His appearance marks that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to solo. In 340 BC, Qu Yuan was born in Lepingli, San Lv Township, Zigui County, Yichang City, Hubei Province. Qu Yuan was studious and ambitious since childhood. In his early years, he was trusted by Chu Huaiwang as Zuo Tu and Dr. San Lv. He often discussed state affairs with him, participated in the formulation of laws, advocated that the law should be clear and the law should be clear, meritocracy should be promoted, politics should be reformed, the Qin Dynasty should be jointly resisted, and "American politics" should be advocated. With the efforts of Qu Yuan, the national strength of Chu State has been enhanced. Honest and upright people are unwilling to listen to Shangguan when amending laws and regulations. In addition, Jin Shang, the doctor of Yin and Shangguan, and his favorite concubine were bought by Zhang Yi, the envoy of Qin State, which not only made Qu Yuan's opinion unacceptable, but also alienated him. In 305 BC, Qu Yuan opposed the conclusion of the Yellow Thorn Alliance between Chu Huaiwang and Qin, but Chu completely embraced Qin. Qu Yuan was expelled from the capital by Chu Huaiwang and began his exile. As a result, Chu Huaiwang was lured to prison by the State of Qin under the strong encouragement of his youngest son Zilan and others.

After King Xiang of Chu ascended the throne, Qu Yuan continued to be persecuted and exiled to the south of the Yangtze River. In 278 BC, the general of the State of Qin led an army south to attack the capital of Chu. Qu Yuan's political ideal was shattered and he was desperate for the future. Although he wanted to serve his country, he was unable to return to heaven, so he had to die of illness and commit suicide in May of the same year. People were very sad after hearing the bad news. They hurried to salvage his body, but found nothing. So, some people wrapped glutinous rice in reed leaves and threw it into the river to offer sacrifices to Qu Yuan. This ritual activity has been handed down year after year and has gradually become a custom. It is arranged on the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. He was indifferent to Qu Yuan's loyalty, and later poets stayed away from stagnation. His poem Qu Yuan said, "Heroes are exhausted and loyalty is heavy." The material is comparable to the wise master, and there is no plan to faint the king. "(Poems of Tang Scholars in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) This is not only a sincere pity for the patriot Qu Yuan, but also a sincere pity for" emperors and princes "(Poetry, Elegance and King of Literature); Not only for the king of Chu at that time, but also for other bad kings.

"Hair waste zhu, evening Yang. The end of the heart is straight, although it is far from it. " "In Xupu, I have a lingering feeling that I don't know what I am doing. Deep mountains and forests are hidden, which is where apes live; The mountains are steep and cover the sky, and the rain is continuous; The snow is boundless and the clouds are raining. I'm sad. My life is boring. I'm alone in the mountains. I can't change my mind and do as the Romans do, but I will be sad and poor. " During his exile, Qu Yuan left many immortal masterpieces to future generations. His works, gorgeous words, strange imagination, novel metaphors and profound connotations have become one of the origins of China literature.

"The blue water is clear, you can lick my tassel; The water in the rough waves is turbid, so you can lick my feet. " After Qu Yuan was exiled, in a conversation with the fisherman, the fisherman advised him to "keep pace with the times" instead of "looking ahead and looking back" and asking for trouble. Qu Yuan said that he would rather die by throwing himself into the river than exposing his innocent body to worldly dust. In the eyes of fishermen, life need not be too lofty. The world is clean and honest, and you can come out as an official; The world is turbid and can rise and fall with the world. As for "thinking deeply and doing high", there is no need to end up in exile. The dialogue between Qu Yuan and the fisherman shows two philosophies of life. In 278 BC, Qin conquered the capital of Chu. On May 5th of that year, in despair and grief, Qu Yuan threw a big stone into the Miluo River and died. The Dragon Boat Festival is said to have come from this. After World War II, 75 famous people from 17 countries jointly launched the "World Congress for Defending Peace". 1953, the World Peace Council, which held the World Peace Conference in Moscow, decided to list Qu Yuan as "one of the four cultural celebrities in the world" and called on people all over the world to commemorate him.

At that time, shortly after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Ministry of Culture decided to form a "Qu Yuan Research Group" composed of Guo Moruo, You Guoen, Zheng Zhenduo, Wen and others to organize Qu Yuan's works into a book and publish them in the vernacular.