Linjiang Immortal
Zhu Dunru
Since the Phoenix City was broken, the hairpin broke through the mirror and flew apart.
There are few messages from the ends of the earth.
I dreamed of returning to the north of Liaohai, but my soul died in the west of Guanxi.
The moon reunites and the stars reunite, how come no one returns?
I can still hear the cuckoo singing this spring.
I watch the wild geese every year, fourteen times.
Appreciation and Analysis
The poem starts from the beginning, starting from the Jin soldiers’ capture of Bianjing. "Straight after the fall of Phoenix City" refers to the occupation of Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, in 1127. Phoenix City, the nickname of Chang'an in the Han and Tang Dynasties, was named after the Phoenix Tower in Chang'an City in the Han Dynasty (see "Sanfu Huangtu"), which here refers to the capital of the Song Dynasty. "The hairpin breaks through the mirror and flies apart", which refers to the separation of husband and wife. "Breaking the hairpin" comes from Bai Juyi's "Song of Everlasting Sorrow": "The hairpin leaves one strand to form a fan, and the hairpin breaks the gold into two pieces." As for the "broken mirror", see Meng Qi's "Poetry of Competence". "Emotions" "Prince Chen gave up his wife Xu Deyan, the sister of the later master Shu Bao, and was granted the title of Princess Lechang. She was of the highest caliber and beauty. At that time, the government of Chen Dynasty was in chaos, and Deyan knew how to protect him, so he said to his wife: "With the talent of the king, , if the country perishes, it will inevitably end up in the home of a powerful man, and this will never happen. If the relationship is not broken and you still hope to see each other, you should have faith. 'Nai breaks a mirror, and the person holds half of it, starting with the sentence "with" straight from "". It implies that before the fall of Bianjing, the protagonist's life was peaceful, his family was reunited, and he was very happy. But the author pushed all this behind the scenes, only to Starting from the disappearance of beautiful things, it has greatly mobilized the imagination of every reader, making them unable to explore the unwritten past events that are in sharp contrast with reality. This is what the predecessors of poetry said. The method of "sweeping and reading" makes the whole word catch the reader from the beginning.
At the same time, in terms of the relationship between the front and the back, this first sentence clearly explains the second sentence "昘钗". The reason for "breaking the mirror". "Breaking" and "breaking" are both causative verbs, which means that the hairpin did not break by itself, and the mirror did not break by itself. And the word "fenfei" goes one step further, implying The degree of this separation paved the way for the following. From the perspective of usage, the "breaking hairpin" between Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei, and the "broken mirror" between Xu Deyan and Princess Lechang were all caused by the war. The author used them. It reflects the protagonist's experience in the crisis of Jingkang, which is a wonderful combination.
The sentence "The message is rare in the ends of the world" is a further elucidation of the relationship between relatives scattered in the ends of the world, with no way to find them. After going to Bianjing, many people abandoned their wives and children and lived in the south of the Yangtze River. The protagonist also felt that across the river, he felt that he was far away from home. The historical content contained in it was very rich. The attack separated relatives, and this river has the weight of thousands of rivers and mountains. Therefore, although "the end of the world" is an extreme statement, it contains considerable historical truth, which actually means that there is no news. None.
"Dreaming back to the north of Liaohai, my soul is broken in Guanxi" is the protagonist's speculation about the place of his relatives. Liaohai generally refers to the coastal area of ????Liaodong, which is the promontory in the previous sentence. Yuguan, that is, Yumenguan, is located in the northwest of Dunhuang County, Gansu Province, which is the end of the world in the previous sentence. Although these two sentences both refer to the distant border pass to express the protagonist's anxiety about the displacement of his relatives, there are also guests and hosts in the attack on the Song Dynasty. Coming from the Liaohai Sea, they often took captive Song Dynasty subjects back as slaves. Therefore, the author's focus is on the Liaohai Sea, and Yuguan is just a foil. Here, the author transforms the explanatory description of the Yuefu poem. It is a dream with a strong romantic color, transcending time and space, transcending subject and object, and showing the sincerity and persistence of the protagonist's love at a higher level. At the same time, these two sentences also make the work's ideological implication. Sublimation. Because in real life, the protagonist cannot return to the north, and he can't find any trace of his relatives, and he realizes all this with the help of dreams. In fact, it is a disguised struggle against reality. The description also has a profound meaning. As a highly cohesive lyric, the author cannot give a detailed explanation of the protagonist's concerns, but he hints at the protagonist's deep concern for the situation of his relatives.
The first part of the poem writes about the pain of separation, and the second part writes about the longing for reunion.
The next part is "The moon is reunited and the stars are reunited. How can I not see anyone return?" "The stars here clearly refer to the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl. Although the legendary annual Tianhe meeting between the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl is not perfect, it is a hundred times better than myself. In contrast, the protagonist Of course, I will realize more how strong and difficult these long fourteen years are. I look forward and look forward, but still "no one returns." So, who does the word "return" belong to? Does it mean that relatives come to their side, or does it mean that they return to the north and reunite with their relatives? It is obviously the latter, because the protagonist understands that if the big river has water, the small river will not dry up. Only by regaining the lost land can the two of them end their wandering life and return to their hometown. , reunited. And the question that started with "how" is soaked in his personal disappointment, and also soaked in the disappointment of a nation.
The sentence "I can still hear the cuckoo singing this spring" is full of him. In the past thirteen years, he has been filled with hope and disappointment every year. In the new year, the shadow that hangs over his heart is still so heavy. The meaning declares another blow suffered by the protagonist. The word "hui" runs through the past and present, interweaving the years of expectation and disappointment, and also gives a certain hint of the future situation.
This sentence seems ordinary, but in fact it is extremely heavy and has an invincible power.
The author finally wrote the two sentences "Watching wild geese every year, fourteen times" as the end of the whole poem and as a summary of the overall emotion of the work. The word "Sai" refers to Liaohai and Yuguan. "Saiyan" can be the scene before his eyes, and the author becomes interested in it. As a migratory bird that passes by on time every year, Hanyan can overcome all obstacles in nature and bravely march towards the destination. In comparison, the protagonist sincerely feels that humans are inferior to geese. Traditionally in ancient China, there is a legend about fish and wild geese delivering messages. Therefore, the wild goose also has a pun meaning, which is a reference to the previous sentence "There are few messages from the ends of the world". Over the past fourteen years, he has paid attention to the wild geese flying from the border crossing again and again, anxiously waiting for news about his relatives, but time has continued to fly by, and the result is still "little news". As I write this, even the beautiful fantasy of "Yu Yan Chuan Shu" no longer exists, which shows how cruel the reality is. From the poet's point of view, it is best for people to meet again, and even if they can "communicate" with each other, it would be a comfort. But now, both have come to nothing, so the protagonist's mood has to be heavier than ever before. .
The beauty of this poem is that it condenses all the personal experiences of the country and the family in the fourteen years of wandering around into a single moment, and concentrates on describing the most expressive part of the war. This word not only expands the expression range of the literary style of word, but also reflects the great tragedy of an era, and its significance cannot be taken lightly.