Five Poems about Generals
[Author] Du Fu ? [Dynasty] Tang Dynasty
The tomb of the Han Dynasty faces Nanshan, and the barbarians have entered the pass for thousands of years.
Yesterday, where Yuyu was buried, the golden bowl came out of the world early in the morning.
Seeing the sorrowful and sweaty Ma Xirong, he flashed the Zhu Banner and fought against Yin in the Beidou.
How many talented officials are guarding Jingwei, but the general must not look sad.
Han Gong’s original intention was to build three cities in order to win over the arrogant people.
How can it be said that he returned to Hema after all his troubles and rescued Shuofang's soldiers from afar?
I don’t know Tong Pass when I come here, I still hear the clear water of Jin when the dragon rises.
How can all the kings respond to peace when the Supreme Envoy alone is worried about the country?
The palace in Luoyang turned into a beacon, and the road to Qin Pass was closed.
The vast sea has not yet returned to Yu Gong, and Yao’s seal is everywhere in Jimen.
Although there are many appointments in the imperial court, the military reserves in the world do not provide for themselves.
I am a little happy that the king and prime minister of the border area are willing to sell the golden armor to spring farmers.
Looking back at the fusang copper pillar mark, it seems that not all of the products have been sold out.
There is no news about Yueshang Jade, and the Pearl of the South China Sea has been lonely for a long time.
Shu Xi was once the Grand Sima, and all the generals served as servants.
The land of Yan Feng Shuo and Snow Heavenly King was only in the Holy Dynasty of Zhongchen Yi.
The spring scenery of Jinjiang River comes one after another, and the clear autumn of Wu Gorge is filled with sorrow.
I am recalling the past when Yan Pushe was waiting to welcome the envoy to Wangxiangtai.
The Lord's favor is preceded and followed by three chapters, and the military order is clear.
The terrain of Western Shu is dangerous in the world, and safety requires the best resources.
Tags: Appreciation of "Five Poems for Generals", patriotic satire on war
"Five Poems for Generals" is a set of political lyric poems written by Kui in the first year of Dali (766) of Emperor Daizong of the Tang Dynasty. state. The one chosen here is the second one. Although the Anshi Rebellion had been put down at that time, the border troubles had not been eradicated. The poet felt pained that the generals in the imperial court were mediocre and incompetent, so he pretended to write poems to satirize them. It is precisely because of this destiny that the five capitals use discussion as poetry. It is Du Fu's specialty to express great arguments in verses, and "Zhu Jiang" is particularly outstanding. There are two difficulties in applying discussion to the rhythmic style. First, the discussion wastes words and can easily destroy the condensation of the poem. The second is that the main reason of the discussion can easily destroy the lyricism of the poem. Both of these points have been solved very well by the author.
The title means "generals", but the poem does not start here, but first quotes the deeds of previous sages. "Han Gong" is the famous general Zhang Renyuan who was granted the title of Han Gong by Lishi Zetian and Zhongzong Dynasty. Initially, the Shuofang Army and the Turks were bounded by the Yellow River. In the third year of Shenlong (77), the commander-in-chief of the Shuofang Army, Sha Zha Zhongyi, was defeated by the Turks. Zhongzong ordered Zhang Renyuan to take the imperial censor to replace him. Renyuan took advantage of the Turks' weakness to seize the land of Monan, and built three "surrender cities" in Hebei, with the first and last corresponding, to cut off the Turks' southward invasion. From then on, the Turks did not dare to cross the mountains to herd horses, and Shuofang was in peace. The first couplet reveals the feat and intention of "building three cities", with ulterior motives. Writing the words to stop the invasion of foreign nations as "to destroy the celestial beings (the Xiongnu call themselves "the arrogant sons of heaven", see "Han Shu") and to liberate the Han Dynasty" turns the cold narrative into an exciting picture, filling the page with praise. Instead of saying "already eliminated", we call it "predicted to be eliminated". The word "predicted" is quite meaningful. It is like saying that Han Gong's move was not a temporary emergency, but a century-old plan to be inherited by others. Therefore, the first couplet is actually "love arises from the opposite side", explicitly referring to Duke Han but implicitly referring to "generals".
The chin couplet closely adheres to this meaning, and the writing direction turns to the aspect of "generals". During Suzong's reign, Shuo Fang's army took back Beijing and defeated Tubo. They all relied on the Uighur cavalry, so it was said that "it's all trouble for the Uighurs." The Huihe troops had other intentions. In the first year of Yongtai (765), they broke the alliance and joined forces with Tubo to join the invaders. The purpose of recounting the borrowing of troops by the Suzong Dynasty here is to point out that the cause of the disaster was that the generals had no foresight at the time and relied on asking for help, so the following sentence denounced them as cowardly and incompetent now, unable to control foreign troubles. The special mention of Shuofang's soldiers takes care of Han Gong's affairs. Through the comparison of the past and present in two couplets, the praise and blame are self-explanatory without discussion. Here, on the one hand, the discussion is turned into a narrative and a concrete image; on the other hand, it is outlined with words such as "Qi Sui" and "Fan Ran", with a strong sense of dissatisfaction, which is better than many discussions and achieves an implicit and condensed requirements.
The miscalculation of "returning to Hema after all troubles" is to nourish carbuncle and leave behind problems. This meaning is expressed in five sentences. Anlushan rebelled, and Tongguan was lost; later Huihe and Tubo were lured by Pugu Huai'en to join the bandits. "No one knows Tongguan Pass" is both true and false. Tongguan is not without dangerous passes, but now we are not aware of its dangerous passes. This is just to ridicule the generals for having no one, and to use narration to represent discussion, saying less and meaning more.
The six sentences suddenly start from "generals" and write to Daizong. The Dragon Rises in the Jin Dynasty is like this, taking the example of Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty raising troops in Jinyang, praising Emperor Daizong for reviving the Tang Dynasty. Legend has it that Emperor Gaozu came to Longmen and replaced Shuiqing; in the seventh month of the second year of Zide (757), Lanzhou merged with Guanheqing, and in September King Guangping (later Dai Zong) took over Xijing. Things are similar, so we use examples. When he first took over the capital, King Guangping personally worshiped Huihe in front of his horse and prayed to avoid plagiarism. The three words "worry about the country" in the next sentence fall here. The sixth sentence introduces Daizong, and the seventh sentence also says, "Only the Supreme Being is concerned about the country." This is once again "creating feelings from the opposite side" and using contrasting techniques to expose the uselessness of "generals". The word "independence" has a particularly long meaning. After Gai captured the capital, the national crisis was far from being eliminated. The generals actually enjoyed the "prosperity", while the "Supreme" was left alone and unwilling to eat (at least that's what the poet thought). The meaning behind his words was profound, and if spoken out, it would be an upright and upright article. An outrageous article.
However, the poet did not say a single word directly, and only asked coldly: "Why do you all respond to Shengping?" The poem ended abruptly, but it was "implicit and thought-provoking". Here, when the "lords" drink, their words are cold, simple and powerful.
For the lyric poetry style of Qilu, "it is always expensive but not troublesome" ("A General Theory of Poetry Mirror"). The author is able to integrate discussion into narrative, and uses contrasting techniques twice, which is interesting and interesting, and he is achieving "come without getting bored". It also adds emotion to the whole article through the tone of exclamation (two sentences of "How can you say") and rhetoric (two sentences of "only envoy"). There is no suspicion of "harming the body" (harming the style of lyric poetry) if the discussion is carried out with narrative mixed with emotion and rhyme. In terms of words and sentences, words such as "original meaning", "Xiu Jue", "Qi Sui", "Huan Ran", "Unconscious", "Yu Wen", "Du Shi", "Why" etc. echo back and forth, making the whole article full of meaning. The pulse flows smoothly, and there are twists and turns in the flow. The so-called "appearing and disappearing in vertical and horizontal directions, and containing subtle and distant thoughts" ("Speaking of Poems") also strengthens the artistic appeal of the work. A brief introduction to Du Fu, the author of "Five Poems about Generals"
Du Fu (712-770), also known as Zimei, also known as Shaoling Yelao, known as Du Gongbu, Du Shaoling, etc., was born in Gong County, Henan Prefecture (Henan Province) in the Tang Dynasty Du Fu, a native of Gongyi City, Zhengzhou, was a great realist poet in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu was respected as the "Sage of Poetry" by the world, and his poems were called "the history of poetry". Du Fu and Li Bai are collectively known as "Li Du". In order to distinguish them from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, known as "Little Li Du", Du Fu and Li Bai are also collectively known as "Big Li Du". Du Fu was concerned about the country and the people, and had a noble personality. About 1,400 poems have been preserved and collected into the "Collection of Du Gongbu". His poetic skills are exquisite, and he is highly respected in Chinese classical poetry and has far-reaching influence.
Other works of Du Fu
○ Hope of Spring
○ The Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind
○ Happy Rain on a Spring Night
○ Quatrains
○ Wangyue
○ More works by Du Fu