Hong Xiuquan (1814.1.1-1864.6.1), formerly known as Hong Renkun and nicknamed Huoxiu, was a Hakka of Han nationality. He was originally from Jiaying Prefecture, Guangdong. He was born on the tenth day of December in the eighteenth year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (January 1814). 1st) was born in Fuyuanshui Village, Huaxian County, Guangdong (now Huadu District, Guangzhou). The founder and ideological guide of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, known as the "Heavenly King", his original name was Renkun. A native of Huaxian County, Guangdong. During the Daoguang period, he repeatedly failed in the imperial examinations, so he absorbed the idea of ??equality in early Christian teachings, founded the God Worship Society, wrote "Yuan Dao Salvation Song" to preach, and advocated the establishment of a prosperous age in ancient times when "the world is for the common good".
On the tenth day of the twelfth lunar month in the 30th year of Daoguang's reign (January 11, 1851), Hong Xiuquan launched the Jintian Uprising and embroidered a statue of Hong Xiuquan.
The founding of the country was called the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and he called himself the Heavenly King. In the third year of Xianfeng (1853), Nanjing was established as the capital and was called Tianjing. The "Celestial Land Acquisition System" was promulgated, and the troops were divided into the Western Expedition and the Northern Expedition (see the Taiping Army's Northern Expedition and the Taiping Army's Western Expedition). In the sixth year of Xianfeng's reign, because Yang Xiuqing, the king of the east, who had real military and political power, "forced himself to the limit with his authority," he issued a secret edict (some say there was no secret edict). Wei Changhui, the king of the north, led his army back to Beijing to punish Yang. Wei further escalated the situation and killed innocent people indiscriminately. Hong Xiuquan was forced to kill Wei due to public dissatisfaction and appointed Yiwang Shidakai to take charge. The following year, Shi Dakai was jealous and ran away in anger, and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was in danger. Hong Xiuquan relied on Chen Yucheng and Li Xiucheng, two good generals from later generations, who also served as military advisers. He also took measures such as reducing taxes and strengthening religious propaganda to tide over the difficulties. In the winter of the second year of Tongzhi (1863), Tianjing was besieged by the Qing army and food supplies were exhausted. Hong Xiuquan rejected Li Xiucheng's suggestion to break out and stayed in Tianjing. He died of illness in April of the third year of Tongzhi. Most of his poems, edicts, and proclamations have been included in books such as "The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom" (one of the series of modern Chinese history materials) and "Historical Materials of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom".
1. Born in Fuyuanshui Village, Huaxian County, Guangdong Province (now Huadu District, Guangzhou City) in 1814. He was born in a farm family and attended the village school, but failed in many examinations. 2. The God Worship Society was founded in 1843. The next year, he went to Cigu Village in Guixian County, Guangxi (now Guigang) to promote the true meaning of God Worship. Later, he returned to Huaxian County and wrote "Yuan Dao's Awakening of the World" and "Yuan Dao's Awakening of the World" and other articles. 3. In August 1847, he went to Guiping, Guangxi to meet Feng Yunshan at Bauhinia Mountain to organize forces and carry out political struggle. 4. On January 11, 1851, more than 20,000 people gathered in Panling, Jintian, held an armed uprising against the Qing Dynasty, and established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom; on the 3rd, he "reached the throne" in Wuxuan and was called the "King of Heaven"; in December, in Yong'an (today's Mongolia) Mountain) divided the kings. The following year, he attacked Guilin, conquered the whole state, occupied two lakes, and then moved eastward along the Yangtze River from Wuchang to capture Nanjing. 5. In 1853, the capital was established in Nanjing and renamed Tianjing. The "Celestial Land Acquisition System" was promulgated, and the troops were divided into the Northern Expedition and the Western Expedition. As a result, the Northern Expedition failed and the Western Expedition succeeded. After entering the Tianwang Mansion, he lived in seclusion and lived a luxurious life, leaving the power in the hands of Yang Xiuqing. 6. In 1856, the Taiping Army defeated the Qing army's Jiangbei and Jiangnan camps. Yang Xiuqing was so proud of himself that he was forced to be granted the title of Long Live. Then Wei Changhui and Qin Rigang secretly ordered to kill Yang Xiuqing, his family and more than 20,000 subordinates. 7. In 1857, after Shi Dakai led 200,000 elite troops to leave, he had to re-employ Chen Yucheng, Li Xiucheng and others to reverse the situation. 8. In 1859, Hong Rengan was appointed Prime Minister. The Qing court and imperialism stepped up their suppression of the Taiping Rebellion. Anqing, Suzhou, Hangzhou, etc. fell one after another, and Tianjing was besieged. 9. In 1864, he died of illness before the fall of Tianjing.