How to solve the appreciation problem of refined words in ancient poetry

1. Make clear two ways to set the topic: This kind of topic generally has two ways to set the topic: (1) In this poem or this sentence or these two sentences, "a certain word" or "a certain word" has always been praised by people. Let's enjoy it briefly in combination with this poem. (2) In this poem or this sentence or these two sentences, which word or two words are used very skillfully, find out and briefly evaluate this poem. 2. Answer the eternal two principles of word-refining questions: (1) never leave the sentence. Any Chinese character doesn't matter whether it is good or bad, but it shows a high level when it enters a specific context. So the so-called good use of a word means that a word plays a good role in a sentence. (2) Joint sentence analysis. Because words and sentences are inseparable, when appreciating the beauty of words, we must analyze them in relation to the corresponding sentences. Three skills to lock subtle words: (1) These words are often verbs or adjectives; (2) The upper and lower sentences of such words are in the same position; (3) These words are both Chinese and poetic. If beauty is in one sentence, it is mainly because its expression effect is good; If the beauty lies in the whole poem, it may become a "poetic eye". Four. Three eternal ideas to answer the question of appreciation: (1) Formally: For one or two words, the so-called "formal" appreciation is mainly to appreciate their flexible use in specific sentences, rhetoric or expressions or parts of speech. (2) Content: Content refers to thoughts and emotions. Or analyze the thoughts and feelings expressed by a word in a sentence, or further analyze the thoughts and feelings expressed by a word ("poetic eye") in the whole poem. (3) Effect: Because it is refined, a word has a strong artistic expression effect. The first effect is to see how the effect is expressed from the perspective of the image in the poem (the poet himself or others in the poem); Second, from the reader's point of view, how the effect is expressed. V. Examples of Appreciation of Exquisite Words (1) From the part of speech L 1 (Defining the category of Exquisite Words): Combining the whole poem, evaluate the artistic effects of "wear" and "number" in the third part. (Guangdong Volume, 2007) Xiting Lin Jingxi thinks more in the clear autumn and goes to Xiting at dusk. At the beginning of the month, the trees are tall and white, and the breeze is half awake. A man walked through the forest leaves and sat together to count fireflies. Where is the fishing song? Lonely lights are far apart. [Answer] (1) (Content: Combined with poetry analysis) "Wear" and "Number" describe the poet himself, "Wear" describes the poet walking alone in the forest, and "Number" describes the poet counting fireflies alone in boredom. (2) (formal effect: summarizing how it expresses what kind of thoughts and feelings) A comprehensive analysis of the whole poem shows that the words "wear" and "number" vividly express the poet's lonely, lonely, depressed and boring mood. L Example 2 (Candidates looking for refined words): The ancients often used the word "poetic eye" when commenting on poetry. The so-called "poetic eye" often refers to the most concise and vivid word in a poem. What do you think is the word "poetic eye" in the last two sentences of this poem? Why? Please enjoy the whole poem briefly. (National Volume 2003) Wang Wei passed Ji Xiang Temple, but he didn't know the way to Jixiang Temple, and he wandered among the mountains and clouds for several miles. Ancient trees are towering, but there are no pedestrian paths, and there are bells in the mountains in the temple. The spring water in the mountains hits the dangerous rocks, and the sun in the pine forest is cold. In the evening, come to the empty pool and meditate quietly to suppress the dragon. [Answer] (1) (Which two words are clear) The poetic eyes in these two sentences are "swallow" and "cold". (2) The word "swallow" is a verb, focusing on the dynamic aspect. It describes the flowing spring water in the mountain, which makes a low and faint sound due to the blocking of dangerous stones, like the sound of people sobbing; The word "cold" is an adjective, which focuses on static aspects and describes the sun color sprinkled on pine trees, because the darkness of the forest looks cold. (3) The words "pharynx" and "cold" in the poem vividly, concisely and vividly describe the seclusion and coldness in the deep mountains outside Ji Xiang Temple. L example 3 (candidates look for refined words): what is the most concise and vivid word in the upper and lower sentences of the third joint? Please analyze it briefly. (National Volume 2, 2007) Wang Wei's "New Sunny Wild Hope" has a vast new sunny field and spotless eyes. The gatehouse of the outer city is close to the ferry pier, and the trees at the edge of the village connect the stream and the estuary. The silvery white river is shining in the fields, especially bright, and the green mountains stand behind the ridge. There are no idle people in the thick moon, and family affairs are in the south. [Answer] (1) (clear) are "Ming" and "Chu" respectively. (2) (Content: combined with poetry analysis) Ming is particularly dazzling and bright, and the object of description is that the river outside the ridge rises and shines under the sunlight; The appearance of "Chu" describes that the mountain scenery is more beautiful and fresh under the sunshine after the rain. (3) (General idea) "Ming" and "Chu" vividly depict the scene of Wan Li in a clear sky after the rain, with vivid and layered pictures. (2) From the perspective of rhetoric, analyze the beauty of the word "belt" in poetry. (Guangdong Volume 2006) Two Poems by Yue Xiufeng and Topaz (I) Qing Tan Jingzhao Jiang Shangqing Mountain is red, and the sails are far away. The old crane flew south and took the bell to the sea building. Note: (1) boats mentioned in ancient books of Lu and Shu Han. (2) Hailou: namely Haikuang Temple. [Answer] (1) "Belt" adopts anthropomorphic technique. The poem endows the "old crane" with human movements, not that the bell travels far, but that the old crane brings the bell to the sea floor. (2) The word "belt" vividly expresses the melodious characteristics of the bell and makes the picture dynamic. (3) From the perspective of expression, please appreciate the wonderful use of the word "loud" in combination with the whole poem. (Liaoning Volume in 2006) Shiyu washes Dongpo, and the moonlight is clear, and the people in the city are exhausted. Don't be too sure about the slope, but love the sound of your stick. Note: it is true that luò què rugged. [Answer] (1) "Kengelan" is a comparative expression. This word vividly describes the loud and powerful sound when the cane collides with the stone, which is in sharp contrast with the tranquility of the east slope under the moon. (2) In connection with the description of the bumpy road in the previous article, readers can appreciate the author's feelings of sticking to faith and being optimistic and open-minded.