Robin Dranath (1861May 7-1941August 7) is a famous Indian poet, writer, writer, artist, social activist, philosopher and Indian nationalist. He was born in a well-educated family in Calcutta. 19 13 was the first Indian (and the first Asian) to win the Nobel Prize in Literature when he won the Nobel Prize in Literature with the religious lyric poem "Chittagali" (English version, published in191). He is as famous as the Lebanese poet Haji Ji Bolun and is called "two giants standing on the bridge between East and West". His important poems include story poems (1900), Gitanjali (19 10), crescent moon (19 13) and birds (19655). Important novels include the short stories Paying off the Debt (189 1), Abandonment (1893), Suba (1893) and Life or Death? (1892), mahamoya (1892), the sun and dark clouds (1894), the novella Four Men (19 16) and the novel Sinking. Important essays of People's Red include DeathTrading (188 1), China Talk (1924) and Russian Letters (193 1). His works were introduced to China as early as 19 15, and now there are 10 volumes of Tagore's works published in Chinese.
2. Whitman
Whitman (18 19 ~ 1892) is an American poet. Born in a small seaside village on Long Island, USA. Father was a landless farmer at that time. When Whitman was five years old, his family moved to Brooklyn, where his father worked as a carpenter and built a house, and Whitman started elementary school there. Because of poverty, Whitman only attended primary school for five years. He worked as a messenger, studied typesetting, and later worked as a village teacher and editor. This kind of life experience made him widely contact with people and nature, which had a great influence on his later poetry creation. 184 1 year later, he returned to new york and started printing. He soon became a journalist and began to write. A few years later, he became the editor-in-chief of the Eagle, a well-known newspaper, and kept writing papers and short comments against the slavery and exploitation of employers. In the late 1940s, he joined the "Free Land Party", opposed American slavery and advocated land reform. From 65438 to 0848, revolutions broke out in western European countries, which had a great influence on Whitman. He published articles praising the European revolution in newspapers and wrote many poems to express his feelings, including Europe, France, Modern Year and so on. From 65438 to 0850, he left the press and returned to his father's old job as a carpenter and architect. During this period, he created his masterpiece Leaves of Grass (1855). The American Civil War broke out in 186 1. After the end of the civil war, he published a poem "Yaqui Valley" reflecting the civil war at his own expense (1865). A few months later, he published sequels, including the famous Lincoln memorial "When Lilacs Bloomed in the Yard Recently" and "Oh, Captain! My captain, wait.
3. Shelley
Shelley (1792— 1822) is an English poet. Born into a small aristocratic family in Sussex. 1809, he wrote the legendary stories Chai Strozzi and St. Anevin, co-wrote a book of poems with his sister, and co-wrote a long poem "Wandering Jews" with a friend. 18 10 entered Oxford University, and was expelled the following year for publishing The Necessity of Atheism, so he eloped with Hayley and got married in Edinburgh. 18 12 went to Dublin and published a letter to the Irish people supporting the Irish national independence movement. 18 13 published the long poem "Maibu Xianhou" at his own expense. In the poem, Li Angshan, a girl from the fairy queen, is invited to view the universe and comment on the world, expressing the ideal of transforming society. 18 14 visited the utopian socialist thinker godwin, fell in love with godwin's daughter Mary, and left Switzerland with her. The following year, he finished an excellent blank poem "Alaste, or the Lonely Genie", and his creation entered a prosperous period. 18 16 met Byron in Switzerland and became friends. This year, he committed suicide by throwing himself into the river, which enabled him to hold a formal wedding with Mary. 18/kloc-lived in Buckinghamshire in 0/7. He wrote his longest poem Leon and Cessna, claiming that the main purpose of this poem was to persuade his contemporaries not to be disappointed with the failure of the French Revolution, because goodness had to go through many revolutions to defeat evil. The following year, the long poem was renamed Islamic Rebellion and published. He moved to Italy in 18 18, and wrote ode to the west wind, larks and clouds, Rosalyn and Helen, Julian and Maddalo, The Rank of Tyranny and Peter? Bell III, witch of Atlas, tyrant Oedipus, adonis, Greek, etc. The liberated Prometheus (1818-1819) is different from the tragedy of Aeschylus in ancient Greece. Prometheus was finally released because of compromise. He described Prometheus as an unyielding hero, and he believed that evil would eventually end. Finally, Jupiter was defeated by the God of Eliminating Evil, and Prometheus was liberated. The poetic drama Chyi Chin Family (18 19) wrote that Count Chyi Chin killed his son, raped his daughter, and was finally killed by an assassin hired by her daughter, so her daughter was executed. The Genie in My Soul is an excellent love poem, which expresses the pursuit of spiritual beauty. In a large number of prose works, the reformed philosophy (1819-1820) and the defense of poetry (182 1) are the best. 1822, I went to see my friend Hunter on a yacht. On my way back, I was killed by a storm boat. 1824, Mary published poems for him.
4. Petfi
Petfi Sándor was born in June 65438+0823 65438+1 October1day into a butcher's family, which is a Hungarian town-Saab de Zaras on the Avodpin Plain on the Danube under the Austrian Empire. His father was a poor Slavic butcher and his mother was a Mazar serf. According to the law at that time, his family was at the bottom of society. 1849 July 3 1, petofi died in battle. Petofi's poems are widely circulated in Hungary and have been translated into dozens of foreign languages, which are familiar to foreign readers. Mr. Lu Xun once quoted a poem by petofi in the article "In Memory of Forgetting": "Life is precious, but love is more expensive; If you are free, you can throw both! " His major works include Song of the Country and Against the King.
5. Heine
Heinrich heine1797 65438+February13 ~ 65438+February 1856), a famous German lyric poet, is called "the last representative of German classical literature". Poets use ordinary words to construct profound, vivid and beautiful poems. There are many people who are both writers and thinkers in German literature, but it is rare to see Heine unify them perfectly without making poetry bear the burden of philosophy.
The collection of poems (1827) won Heine a worldwide reputation. This is his first collection of poems, including The Distress of Youth, Lyric Interlude, The Return of the Native, Beihai Collection and many other groups of poems. Hartz's Travels (1826 ~ 183 1 year); Germany, a winter fairy tale (1844); On Romanticism (1836); Song of the Silesia Weaver Girl (1844); Romantic (185 1) has attracted many composers to compose music for it. According to Heine in Music (1published by Gunter M in 989), there are about 10,000 pieces of music in Heine's poems.