Jin Shengtan (1608- 166 1) was famous for his ci collection, but he was renamed Ren Rui after his death. When you say your real name is Zhang, you are famous. Suzhou Wuxian people. Writers and literary critics in the early Qing Dynasty. [Edit this paragraph] Life, Thought and Creation Jin Shengtan had a rich childhood, his parents died young, and his family fortune fell. He is wild and unrestrained, and is good at writing and poetry. He was dismissed in the annual exam because of his strange composition, and later took the subject one exam. He changed his name to the first place in the Jin people's examination, but he was determined to win and took pleasure in reading and writing. Comments are classic, and so are wizards. In the seventeenth year of Shunzhi 1660, Wuxian County of Suzhou Prefecture was appointed as the new county magistrate, and severely punished those who owed taxes and stole public grain privately. In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi, Suzhou set up a mourning hall, and three days later, the ministers. On the third day, 100 many scholars went to the Confucius Temple to cry, and then they reported the county magistrate to Governor Zhu Guozhi. Who knows that Zhu Ren and his wife colluded and arrested 18 scholar. The court did the opposite, suing scholars for refusing to pay soldiers, ringing bells and drums, gathering people to start chaos, shocking the spirit of the former emperor and demanding severe punishment. Later autumn chop (Shunzhi 18- July 13) [16 1], given land-Jiangning-Sanshan Street, one of which is Jin Shengtan. 【 Ren was beheaded for another crime soon, and Zhu Guozhi was killed by Wu Sangui soldiers, and his meat was divided. God has eyes. There are many comments on ancient books. Zhuangzi, Li Sao, Historical Records, Du Shi, Water Margin and The West Chamber are called "Books of Six Tales". It was originally planned to annotate them one by one, but only the last two books were completed, and Du Shijie died before finishing them. According to Jinchang, his works include "The Fifth Talented Book, The Sixth Talented Book, Tang Talented Book, Required Talented Book, Du Shixie, Zuo, Gu Chuanjie (twenty), Shi (seven) and Mencius." Singing Books in the Classroom includes Fahua Bai Wen, Xicheng Customs Record, Fahua Samadhi, Baojing Samadhi, Sanconsciously Samadhi, Zhouyi Quanchao, Thirty-four Gua Quanchao, Nanhua Jingchao, Tongzongyi Lun, Quotations Compilation and Quotations. Most of them are unfinished drafts, or only fragments or all of them are lost. Some of his works have been included in the library of talented people in Singing Classroom. [Edit this paragraph] The main achievement Jin Shengtan's main achievement lies in literary criticism. His comments attach great importance to the elaboration of ideological content, and often use the topic to discuss current politics, social outlook and outlook on life vividly. He rebuked "making an offence and making an insurrection", interpreted the name of Water Margin as "the worst, the worst, different from China" and opposed "serving the country with loyalty"; However, he sympathized with the people's livelihood and hated the officials of fishermen and thieves. He realized that under the "One Gao Qiu", there were "Gao Bailian", "Yin Qian's brother" and their foxes, which formed a social force that brought disaster to the country and the people. 108 people's "forced entry into Shui Bo" is "disorderly self-improvement", thus affirming the resistance of Liangshan heroes. He believes that "living in his country, not secretly discussing the gains and losses of his doctors, and evil governance", "writing without saints, writing without emperors, writing without emperors, breaking their governance, breaking their governance, is also a discussion"; However, he admits that if there is no road in the world, Shu Ren dares to discuss it, and "the discussion in Shu Ren is history". He preached Confucian moral norms such as "loyalty and forgiveness" and "filial piety"; However, it also exposed the destruction of ethics on human nature, praised the rebellious behavior of Cui Yingying and Zhang Sheng, mocked The West Chamber in Winter as an obscene book, and pushed it as a "strange story of heaven and earth". He accepted the nihilistic thought of Buddhism and regarded life as a dream, the so-called "dream of heaven and earth" and "dream of all beings"; However, he faced up to the reality and was diligent in description, thinking that "life and death are rapid, life is impermanent, and wealth is hard to find." If you are good at what I want, how can you live without writing a book? " It can be seen that Jin Shengtan's thought is full of contradictions. The beauty of Jin Shengtan's literary criticism lies in the artistic analysis of his works. His comments on poetry and prose are quite common, such as dividing metrical poetry into two solutions and applying eight-part essay to poetry, which is quite criticized. His artistic opinions in commenting on The Water Margin and The West Chamber are unique, and after Li Zhi and Ye Zhou, he pushed the criticism of novels and operas to a new height. He claimed that storytelling "takes its literary heart directly" and "sketches its characteristics and stretches its spiritual logic", in fact, it is aimed at exploring the law of creation, which is quite unique in this respect. He put the characterization in the first place, pointing out that the insatiable greed in Water Margin "is nothing more than writing all 180 personalities to him". The key to successfully shaping the character is to grasp the unique personality of the character. "People have their temperament, people have their temperament, people have their shapes, and people have their voices." Even the same type of personality, but also to show similarities and differences. His comments also involve that the description of a character should be multifaceted and complex, and should show unity and consistency. For example, he thinks that in the Water Margin, Lu Da first wrote that he lived by drinking, and then wrote that Lu Da didn't drink. "However, there is no one who is not Lu Da"; Writing Li Kui jy Park Chi is tricky. "The more cunning you are when writing Li Kui jy, the simpler you will be.". It also involves the personalization of characters' language. "If a person is the same, he will say the same thing." . Among many figures, we should highlight the main one, such as "The West Chamber was written by only three people: one was a double story, the other was Zhang Sheng, and the other was a matchmaker", and "If we make a careful calculation, the West Chamber was written by only one person. One person, double text. " In fact, his so-called "opening to the world" is related to shaping a vivid personality, which depends on calm and meticulous observation and experience in other people's shoes, that is, "being tempted" and "appearing". He also attaches great importance to the plot and structure: he thinks that the plot should be unexpected, with "strange brushwork" and "Yue Long crouching", but it should be reasonable and reasonable, "writing something extremely shocking, but using extremely approachable brushwork"; It also emphasizes structural integrity. "A book is just an article", the author must have the overall situation in mind. Therefore, paying attention to "connection", "lock" and "separation" and asking for "moon corridor" are inevitably second. His so-called "seeing with eyes and grasping with hands" is similar to the emphasis on creative inspiration; However, he also emphasized "Fa", saying that "scribbling can't make a dog howl", and summarized various expressive techniques, such as "taking a roll". In a word, Jin Shengtan put forward a systematic theory of novel and drama creation. At the same time of commenting, Jin Shengtan also revised the original work, and made an overall deletion in addition to the text. He decided that the last fifty chapters of Water Margin were Luo Guanzhong's "adding a dog's tail", so he cut them off, claiming that "Guanhuatang Ancient Edition" had no sequel and forged Shi Naian's preface. This biography has become 70 books. He also asserted that the fifth book of The West Chamber was not written by Wang Shifu, but also an "evil book", so he cut it out and finally wrote it as "a dream". Jin Shengtan can also write poems, and there is a book "Selected Poems of Thinking Tower" passed down from generation to generation. There is the Complete Works of Jin Shengtan published by Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House in September, 1985. Jin Shengtan also commented on books such as Mandarin, National Policy and Zuo Zhuan. His comments pay attention to the elucidation of ideological content, and often make use of the topic to discuss politics, which can be seen from his social outlook and outlook on life. He put forward a systematic theory of novel and drama creation, and his literary theory and critical achievements made a special contribution to the development history of China's literary theory criticism. First of all, he expounded some laws of narrative literature creation, such as novels and plays, which are different from poetry and prose writing. He emphasized that novels should be "accomplished by writing", not fabricated at will, and should follow the logic of life. At the same time, it puts forward the viewpoints and methods of literary theory criticism centered on portraying characters. Secondly, it provides a kind of literary criticism with the character analysis and characterization as the core. Thirdly, he also summed up brand-new creative methods and critical methods, such as backward insertion, narration, grass snake gray line, cotton needle and mud needle, teasing, otter tail and so on. Jin Shengtan has a collection of poems, Selected Poems of Sita. The tomb is located in Doctor Dock under Wufeng Mountain in Wuzhong District, Suzhou, a cultural relic protection unit in Jiangsu Province.
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