Tang dynasty:
Han Yu-There are The Original Road, Buddha's Bone Table, Original Nature, Teacher's Commentary, etc. There are also essays that satirize the current situation, such as Miscellaneous Notes, Delin Shi and Sacrifice to Twelve Lang.
Liu Zongyuan's fable Donkey of Money and Mouse of Yong's Family has philosophical works such as Non-Mandarin, Zhen Fu, Theory of Seasons, Theory of Judgment, Theory of Heaven, Heaven Exchange and Eight Records of Yongzhou. These include Xiaoshitang, Journey to the West Banquet, Cobalt Pool, Xishan of Cobalt Pool, Yuanjiake, Shiqu, Shi Jian and Xiaoyan Mountain.
Song dynasty:
Ouyang Xiu-Zuiwengting Ji, Singing Cicada Fu, Autumn Sound Fu, Advice to Give, Farewell Theory and Introduction to Lingguan.
Su Xun Xú n-Six Countries, Balance, Traitor Discrimination, Guan Zhong, Politics, etc.
Su Shi has many words, such as Mink Head, Huanxisha and Jiangchengzi. Prose includes Red Cliff Fu, Hou Red Cliff Fu, Wang Ping Lun, Hou Hou Lun, Shi Zhongshan Ji and so on.
Su Zhe-Lu 'an Ji Cheng 84 volumes, Lu 'an Cheng Ying Evonne 12 volumes.
Ceng Gong G ǒ ng —— Ouyang Xiu's Book of Sheren, Shangcai's Book of Bachelor, Preface to Ang Lee's Second Life and Preface to Wang Pingfu's Collected Works.
Wang Anshi-advice on traveling, injury and recovery.
Han Yu launched the "ancient prose movement". Su Xun is the father of Su Shi and Su Zhe, and Su Shi is Su Zhe's brother. (Su Shi, Su Xun and Su Zhe are collectively called Su San), Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong (who once worshipped Ouyang Xiu as a teacher). (Divided into Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty) In order to make people better remember that they have a jingle: Han (Han Yu) Liu (Liu Zongyuan) plus Ouyang (Ouyang Xiu), (Su Shi, Su Xun, Su Zhe) and Zeng () Wang (Wang Anshi). Or: Ouyang Xiu forgot (Wang Anshi) that he once (Ceng Gong) ate Susan biscuits (Su Shi, Su Xun, Su Zhe) under a willow tree in North Korea (Han Yu). Or one Han, one Liu, one Ouyang, three Soviets with the same king or three Soviets (Su Shi, Su Xun, Su Zhe) Wang (Wang Anshi) Zeng () Ouyang Xiu. In other words, the stone archway of Han (Ouyang Xiu) (Wang Anshi) (Ceng Gong).
Little Stone Pond is the most famous of Liu Zongyuan's Eight Chapters of Liuzhou.
Han Yu (768 ~ 824), a writer, philosopher and thinker in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Heyang (now mengzhou city, Jiaozuo, Henan) and was of the Han nationality. Originally from Changli, Hebei Province, he was known as Han Changli in the world. In his later years, he served as assistant minister of the official department, also known as the Korean official department. Posthumous title "Wen", also known as Han Wengong. He and Liu Zongyuan were both advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, who advocated learning the prose language of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, breaking parallel prose and expanding the expressive function of classical Chinese. In Song Dynasty, Su Shi called him "the decline of eight generations of literature"; in Ming Dynasty, he was regarded as the head of eight great writers in Tang and Song Dynasties, and he was also called "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan, and was known as "a great writer" and "a literary master of one hundred generations". All works are collected in Mr. Changli's portfolio. Han Yu is also a master of languages. He is good at borrowing predecessors' words and paying attention to the refinement of contemporary spoken language, and he can create many new sentences, many of which have become idioms so far, such as "falling when it hurts", "being easily blamed" and "being out of control". Ideologically, he is the founder of China's "orthodoxy" concept and a symbolic figure who respects Confucianism and opposes Buddhism.
Han Yu was lonely at the age of three and was raised by his brother and sister-in-law. In his early years, he was displaced and had a hard life. He had the ambition to study the world. Although he is lonely and poor, he studies hard. At the age of twenty, I went to Chang 'an to take the Jinshi exam, but I didn't try it for the third time. After the age of twenty-five, he became the first scholar. After three unsuccessful attempts to learn Hongci, he went to Bianzhou Dongjin and Xuzhou Zhang Jianfeng as shogunate. Later, he returned to Beijing as a doctor from four universities. After the age of 36, he was appointed as the imperial army. Because he wrote a letter about drought and hunger, please reduce taxes and downgrade Yangshan order. Xian zong returned to the north as a doctor of the country, tired of being an official for the right illegitimate son of the prince, but failed. After 50, he first recruited Wu Yuanji from Pei Du, and then transferred to assistant minister of punishments. Because of remonstrance, the Buddha's bones greeted, and Chaozhou's secretariat fell. Move to Yuanzhou. Soon after, he returned to North Korea, where he died at the age of 57. More successful politically. Poetry strives to be novel, bold and imposing.
Liu Zongyuan Liu Zongyuan, with a thick word, was born in Hedong (now Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province), known as Liu Hedong and Chang 'an. In the early years of Zhenyuan, he was a scholar, and he was the official governor. During the reign of Emperor Shunzong, Wang was in power. He served as the minister of rites and was determined to carry out political reform. Soon, Wang failed, and he was demoted to Yongzhou Sima and transferred to Liuzhou Secretariat. He lived in the south for fourteen years and died in Liuzhou. A famous thinker and outstanding writer in Tang Dynasty. As an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty and one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, Liu Zongyuan opposed the glamorous style of writing that has enveloped the literary world since the Six Dynasties and advocated concise and smooth prose. He is the author of forty-five volumes of Liuhe Dongji and two volumes of Waiji.
Liu Zongyuan left more than 600 poems in his life. Most of his poems are about expressing depression, grief, homesickness and friendship, which makes him unique. What is most praised by the world is those leisurely landscapes with deep feelings. Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu, another writer in the Tang Dynasty, advocated the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. He, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi and others were called "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" by later generations.
In his travels and fables, Liu Zongyuan also left outstanding works for future generations. Eight Chapters of Yongzhou became the representative work of China's ancient landscape travel notes. These beautiful landscape travel notes vividly express people's feelings about natural beauty, enrich the new field of classical prose reflecting life, and thus establish the position of landscape travel notes as an independent literary genre in the history of literature. Because of its artistic achievements, it has been told by people throughout the ages and is highly respected. Besides fable poems, Liu Zongyuan also wrote many fables, such as Donkey of Guizhou, Mouse of Yongmou, Elk of Linjiang, etc., which also became famous fables in ancient times. "The donkey is poor in skills" has become an idiom, and almost everyone knows it. Some fables are short in length, but they are told through the ages, just like his landscapes.
Ouyang xiu Ouyang xiu (1007 ~ 1072) was a politician, writer, historian and poet in the northern song dynasty. The word Yongshu was born in Mianzhou (now Mianyang, Sichuan), drunk layman on June 1, and Yongfeng, Ji 'an (now Jiangxi), calling himself Luling. Tiansheng Jinshi was disgusted with the imperial edict when he was in Renzong, and he was a bachelor of Hanlin. Yingzong, the official to the secretary of the Council, and political affairs; The Zongshen dynasty moved the Ministry of War ministers and took Prince Shao Shi as the official. A pawn is Wen Zhong. Fan Zhongyan was not only a supporter of Li Qing's New Deal, but also a leader of the poetic innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is also happy to reward and punish backward, Su Shi and his son, Ceng Gong and Wang Anshi are all out of his door. Poetry and prose are the best at the moment. Prose has become one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" because of its eloquence and euphemism. Poetry style is similar to prose, emphasizing momentum, smooth and natural; His poems are deep and beautiful, inheriting the lingering wind of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Co-edited the Book of the New Tang Dynasty with Song Qi, and independently wrote the History of the New Five Dynasties. I also like to collect epigraphy and compile it into Records of the Historians. There is Ouyang Wenzhong's official document collection.
Su Xun1009 ——1066
Personal profile
Name: Su Xun, Zi Mingyun, Lao Quan.
Date of birth and death: 1009— 1066.
Dynasty: Song Dynasty
Literary period: Song Dynasty literature.
Genre: Su San, Tang and Song Eight Masters
Masterpiece: On the Balance between Rights and Books
Brief introduction to life
Prose writer in northern song dynasty. The Han nationality, together with its sons Su Shi and Su Zhe, are called "Three Sus", and they are all included in the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". The word Ming Yun is called Lao Quan. Meizhou Meishan (now Sichuan) people. Han Qi recommended him as secretary of Wen 'an County, bookkeeper of provincial schools and master book. He is good at prose, especially in political theory, with clear exposition and vigorous brushwork. And Jia.
It is said that I didn't study hard until I was 27. After studying hard behind closed doors for more than ten years, I have made great progress in my studies. In the first year of Injong Jiayou (1056), Su Shi and Su Zhe were introduced to Bianjing, and Ouyang Xiu, a bachelor of Hanlin, was called. Ouyang Xiu admired his works, such as Power, Balance and Tactics, and thought that they could be comparable to Jia Yi and Liu Xiang, so he recommended them to the court. At that time, officials and scholars rushed to tell stories, and the literary name flourished. Three years after Jiayou, Renzong called him to the Scheeren's office to take the exam, but he said that he was ill and refused to reply. For five years, Jia You served as the secretary of the provincial school book lang. Later, he wrote "Tai Chang Li" with Yao He, the magistrate of Xiangcheng County. Soon after writing, he died and was posthumously awarded as Guanglu Temple Cheng.
Su Xun is a man with political ambitions. He said that the main purpose of his composition is to "speak the important words of the moment" and "apply them to the present". In some important argumentative papers, such as Lun Heng and Shang Shu, he put forward a set of ideas of political innovation. He believes that to govern the country well, it is necessary to "assess the situation" and "smooth the situation." He advocated "respecting prestige", strengthening official management, breaking the laziness, inspiring the enterprising spirit of the people all over the world and revitalizing the Song Dynasty. Because Su Xun has a good understanding of social reality, is good at summing up historical experience and lessons, and takes history as a mirror, although his political essays inevitably have some pedantic and biased views, many of his views are still to the point.
Su Shi, Zi Zizhan, Zi Hezhong, Dongpo Jushi, Meishan, Sichuan. A great writer, painter and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty, with many creative talents, made unique and outstanding achievements in poetry, ci, literature, painting and books. The world is called Su Dongpo.
Su Shi (1037 ~111), a native of Song Dynasty, was called "Dongpo lay man" and posthumous title Wenzhong, at the age of 64. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong gave a surname "Wen Zhong" to pursue posthumous title. Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan), Han nationality, the fifth son of his father Su Xun, was a famous writer, painter, essayist, poet and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he was a scholar with his brother Su Zhe. Dali was appointed as the judge and signed the book Fengxiang House. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after the expiration of his father's funeral system and sued the court for being a judge. Disagreement with Wang Anshi's political views, opposition to the implementation of the new law, self-employment, and imprisonment for General Hangzhou. Move to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province) and Xuzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he was involved in Wutai poetry case, and was responsible for granting Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province) an assistant ambassador. He was placed in this state and was not allowed to sign books or official documents. Empress Dowager Zhe Li Zong came to the DPRK and was reinstated as Langfengzhi Dengzhou (now Penglai, Shandong Province); Four months later, he was transferred to the doctor of does; Before the term of office expires, in addition to living in the government, I moved to Zhongshu, moved to Hanlin Bachelor, and knew the imperial edict and the Ministry of Rites. Yuan You went out to know Hangzhou in four years (1089), and later changed to know Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), Zhe ruled the country and was successively demoted to Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong) and Danzhou (now Danxian, Hainan). Hui Zong acceded to the throne and returned to the north for forgiveness. Zhong Jian Yuan (11kloc-0/) died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu) and was buried in Tancheng County, Ruzhou (now jia county, Henan) at the age of 65. He, his father Su Xun (1009 ~ 1066) and his brother Su Zhe (1039 ~12) are all famous for their literature, and they are also called "Three Sus". It is the same as "Cao San and his son" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi) at the end of Han Dynasty. "Sansu" is three of the eight great masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and his works include Seven Episodes of Dongpo and Dongpo Yuefu. Politically, it belongs to his father Su Xun, the "Su Laoquan" who mentioned "Twenty-seven, just to get angry" at St Amethyst. Su Xun got angry late, but he worked hard. In his later years, Su Shi recalled his childhood experience of studying with his father and felt that he was deeply influenced by his father. Of course, without Su Xun's hard work, Su Shi would not have been able to get a good tutor since he was a child, let alone "learn the history of general classics, which belongs to thousands of words every day", let alone have a future literary master.
Su Zhe (1039 ~112) was an essayist in the Northern Song Dynasty. Together with his father Su Xun and his brother Su Shi, they are called "Three Sus", ranking among the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". The son is from Meishan, Meizhou (now Sichuan). In the second year of Emperor Injong's reign (1057), he joined Su Shi as a scholar. Soon after, he returned to mourning because of the loss of his mother. For six years, Jiayou gave a series of lectures with Su Shi. At that time, he was not appointed as an official because of "begging for support" and has been an official in Daming House since then. In the third year of Xining (1070), he wrote a letter to Zongshen, urging the new law to remain unchanged, and wrote a letter to Wang Anshi, criticizing the new law fiercely. In the fifth year of Xining (1072), he entered Henan as an official. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), his brother Su Shi was arrested and imprisoned for writing a poem "slandering the imperial court". He wrote that he wanted to use his official position to atone for his brother, but he could not be implicated. He was demoted and sentenced to Yunzhou salt and wine tax. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng, the old party was in power, and was recalled as a secretary, a provincial school book lang and a right secretary, promoted to a living lang, and transferred to the position of a Chinese book clerk and assistant minister of the household department. In the fourth year (1089), Zhezong Yuanyou authorized the official department minister to be sent to Qidan. He is also the heir to the empire. For six years, he worshipped Shang Shu You Cheng, entered the door as an assistant minister, and took charge of state affairs. In the eighth year of Yuan You, philosophers took charge of politics, and the new school came back to power. During Shao Shengyuan's reign (1094), he wrote against current politics and was demoted as an official. He knew Ruzhou and Yuanzhou, was responsible for granting special permission to Huazhou and resettling Leizhou, and was later demoted to Zhou Xun and other places. After worshiping Ning for three years (1 104), Su Zhe settled in Yingchuan, lived in seclusion in the countryside, built a room called "Yi Lao Zhai", and named it "Welcome guests and care for the elderly". He took reading and writing as his occupation and sat in meditation. After his death, he studied for a bachelor's degree in Ming Taizu Temple and decided to bury him.
Wang Anshi (102 1- 1086), born in Linchuan (now Shangchi Village, dongxiang county City, Jiangxi Province), is a Han nationality. An outstanding politician, thinker, writer and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty, he was one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. He was born in a small official family. Father's benefit, word loss, is a judge of Linjiang army, and he has served as a county official in several States all his life. Anshi doesn't like reading very much, has a strong memory and is well educated. In the second year (1042), Li Qing ranked fourth in Emperor Wen of Sui Jinshi list, and successively served as the prison officer of Huainan magistrate, Yinxian magistrate, Changzhou magistrate and Tiaodian Jiangdong. In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), Zong Shenchu acceded to the throne, and Zhao 'an was called a bachelor of Hanlin from Jiangning Government School. In the second year of Xining (1069), he was promoted to participate in politics. Starting from the third year of Xining, he served as a reformer twice and promoted the new law. Xi Ning lived in seclusion after nine years' strike and died in Zhongshan, posthumous title, Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). Lenin praised him as "the greatest reformer in China 1 1 century".
Ceng Gong (10 19— 1083) was born in Nanfeng (now Jiangxi). Known by the world as "Mr. Nanfeng", a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, and one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Song Jiayou became a scholar in the second year (1057). When I was a child, Ceng Gong and his brother Zeng Ye studied hard together, and they showed good talent from an early age. His younger brother Zeng Zhao called him "born alert, not like a teenager" in "A Journey to My Dead Brother", and he had a superior memory, "reading tens of thousands of words and blurting it out". In the second year of Jiayou (1057), at the age of 39, he was admitted as a scholar and was appointed as the Taiping Judicial Army, from which he embarked on his career. The following year, Feng recalled to Beijing, edited and collated books in the history museum, moved the museum to collate, and recruited collating talents. In the second year of Xining (1069), he served as the governor of Qi, Xiang, Hong, Fu, Ming and Bo, and was quite famous. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he moved to Cangzhou and passed the capital. When Zongshen summoned him, he proposed that economy was the key to financial management, which was quite appreciated by Zongshen, and he left three classes to serve. In the fourth year of Yuanfeng, Zongshen was good at historiography, so he appointed the History Museum to compile the Outline of the Five Dynasties, but failed. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng, he worshipped Zhongshu Sheren. He died in Jiangning House the following year. When operating Buddhism, we pursue "Wen Ding". Ceng Gong's performance on the political stage is not outstanding, but his greater contribution lies in his academic thought and literary career.
summary
During the Zhenyuan and Yuanhe periods in the Tang Dynasty, the rise of Liu Han set off the ancient prose movement, which made the prose in the Tang Dynasty reach its peak. For a time, ancient Chinese writers rose up to attack it, forming a climax of "everyone coughs and spits, and everything becomes a pearl". In Song Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu mainly recommended and guided Wang Anshi, Ceng Gong, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe and other essayists, which had a great influence on their prose creation. Among them, Su Shi's inheritance and development of the literary style he created is the most brilliant.
Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan were the leaders of the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu was the leader of the ancient prose movement in Song Dynasty, and Su San and others were the core figures of the ancient prose movement in Song Dynasty. They set off a wave of innovation in ancient prose, turned the history of ancient prose upside down, and made the old face of prose development look brand-new. -During the Zhenyuan and Yuanhe periods in the Tang Dynasty, the rise of Liu Han and the revival of the ancient prose movement made the prose in the Tang Dynasty flourish, and at one time, ancient prose writers rose up and attacked it, forming a climax of "everyone coughs and spits, and everything becomes a pearl"