Lotus varieties
It is a traditional cultivated variety in Beijing. Single petal pattern. The bud is peach-shaped, green, with red upper part and white flowers. The flowering period is early, starting in early June, and the group flowering period is about 1 month. Lotus roots knot early. In late July, the new lotus root turned over for the second time, and the flowering period can last until about 10. Natural variation of red lotus and pink lotus.
It is a traditional cultivated variety in Xiamen. Single petal pattern. The bud is peach-shaped, green, reddish at the top, white in pollen, and reddish at the end when it first blooms. Flowering begins in early June, and the group flowering period is 1 month. It has long and thin petals, small receptacle, many leafy flowers and easy flowering.
This is a famous variety widely cultivated. Double flower type. The buds are round peach-shaped, purple-red, with many flowers and red flowers. Flowering begins in mid-June, and the group flowering period is 1 month. Bright colors make potted plants bloom easily.
An ancient bowl lotus. Double flower type. The buds are peach-shaped, pink, with white pollen and red petals. There are many flowers, which begin to bloom in late June, and the group flowering period is 1 month, so potted plants are easy to bloom.
Breeding from Hangzhou Garden in Zhejiang Province. These plants are short. Single petal pattern. The buds are peach-shaped and green, and the flowers are small and white. Very suitable for pot cultivation. There are many flowers, and the flowering period is from mid-June to mid-August.
The history of lotus:
The scientific name of lotus is lotus, which belongs to the genus Nelumbo of Nymphaeaceae.
Lotus root It is one of the earliest species of angiosperms. According to the fossils studied by paleobotanists, lotus plants were distributed in many waters in the northern hemisphere10.35 billion years ago. At that time, in the late period of the rapid decline of the giant reptile dinosaur, its growth time on the earth was much earlier than the appearance of human ancestors (2 million years ago). According to Paleobotany (1965) by A.H. Christophevich of the former Soviet Union, lotus fossils have been found in Cretaceous strata in the Arctic of North America and amur river Basin of Asia (i.e. Heilongjiang), as well as Oligocene and Miocene strata in Europe and East Asia (Sakhalin Island) and Japan. At that time, the temperature on the earth was warmer than it is now. There were about 10~ 12 species of lotus plants distributed in five continents. With the advent of the post-glacial period, the global temperature dropped, making many plants extinct, while others were forced to drift away, completely breaking the original geographical distribution. Because of this disaster, two varieties of lotus survived, and their distribution range narrowed. Chinese lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is distributed in Asia and northern Oceania, and N.lutea drifts to North America. Paleobotanists also pointed out that the lotus fossils from Pleistocene to Holocene (2 million years ago) excavated in Hokkaido and Kyoto are similar to modern China lotus; The lotus leaf fossils unearthed in Qaidam Basin, China, 6.5438+million years ago are similar to modern China lotus. In 1970s, China Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Planning, Ministry of Petrochemical Industry and Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences recorded in the book "Early Tertiary Sporopollen in Coastal Areas of Bohai Sea" that two kinds of lotus pollen fossils were found in Panshan, Liaoning, Beidagang, Tianjin, Kenli, Guangrao, Shandong and Cangzhou, Hebei. Fossils of the genus Nelumbo were also found in the strata of Changchang Basin in Qiongshan, Hainan Island, China, in the Tertiary tropical phytogeographical region. At present, the original wild lotus is still distributed in lakes and swamps in Fuyuan, Hulin, Tongjiang and Shangzhi counties of Heilongjiang Province. The above shows that lotus is an ancient plant before the Ice Age, which belongs to the representative of relict plant, such as Paeonia suffruticosa, Ginkgo biloba, Liriodendron chinense in China, Sequoia sempervirens and so on. , not swallowed by the glaciers of the ice age and survived.
Mystery of waterproof and self-cleaning of lotus leaf
Numerous micron-sized waxy papillae structures are attached to the surface of lotus leaves. When observing these papillae with electron microscope, we can see that many nanoparticles with similar structures are attached to the surface of each micron-sized papillae, which scientists call the micro-nano dual structure of lotus leaf. It is precisely because of these tiny double structures that the contact area between the lotus leaf surface and water droplets or dust is very limited, so the phenomenon that water droplets roll on the leaf surface and take away dust is produced. Water will not stay on the surface of lotus leaves.
Scientific explanation of breaking the fast knot
When it comes to lotus, it is natural to mention lotus root. Holland belongs to Nymphaeaceae, a perennial herb planted in shallow ponds. Its stem was born in the mud and transformed into rhizome, that is, lotus root, also called lotus root. Lotus root grows horizontally in silt and absorbs nutrients by fibrous roots on the base stem. Lotus root has been people's favorite food since ancient times, because its meat is crisp and tender, slightly sweet, contains a lot of starch and is rich in nutrition.
When we break the lotus root, we can observe that countless long white lotus roots are connected between the broken lotus roots. Why is this happening?
It is necessary to observe the structure of lotus root. It turns out that the tissues needed for plants to grow and transport water and nutrients are called ducts and tracheids. These tissues extend in all directions in plants and are as unimpeded as blood vessels in animals in leaves, stems, flowers, fruits and other organs.
The inner wall of the plant vessel will be particularly thickened at a certain position, forming various textures, some are annular, some are trapezoidal and some are reticulate. The thickened part of the lotus root catheter wall is continuous spiral, which is called spiral catheter. When the lotus root breaks, the spiral part of the inner wall of the catheter is separated and becomes a spiral filament with a diameter of only 3 ~ 5 microns. These filaments are much like stretched springs and will not break within the elastic limit. Generally, it can be stretched to about 10 cm.
Lotus root silk not only exists in lotus root, but also exists in lotus stem and lotus leaf, but is thinner. If you pick a lotus stalk, try to break it into several pieces and lift it like a long string of small green lanterns. It is this filament that connects these little green lanterns. This kind of filament looks very similar. If you look at it under a microscope, you will find that it is actually composed of 3 ~ 8 thinner filaments, just like a cotton yarn is composed of countless cotton fibers.
The delicate lingering of lotus root silk has long attracted the attention of the ancients. There is a sentence in Qufu, a poem written by Meng Jiao in the Tang Dynasty: "My heart is in the lotus root, although it is broken, it is still connected". Later, people used the idiom "broken silk" to describe that although the relationship was broken, the relationship was still connected.
Since 1970s, William Barttelot, director of the Institute of Botany, Bonn University, Germany, and his team have studied the surface structure of more than 10,000 kinds of plants through electron microscope. This study finally revealed an interesting phenomenon: pour a few drops of glue on the lotus leaf, and the glue will not stick to the leaf, but will roll down without leaving a trace. The leaves are covered with a thin layer of wax crystals, which is clean, which is the characteristic of waterproof leaves. This phenomenon aroused Barttelot's curiosity and put forward the hypothesis that there is a causal relationship between water resistance and pollution resistance. After hard work, he invented a new technology to produce materials with completely waterproof surface and self-cleaning function. This is a new technology with a wide range of uses, which makes people no longer worry about the cleanliness of the top and surface of buildings, nor about the cleanliness of cars, planes and various means of transportation.
Picking hibiscus by the river, Lanzeduo fragrant grass. Who will be left (given away)? Thinking far away. Looking back at my hometown, it's a long way. I am bent on leaving home and worried to death.
Like the lotus of water, it has the nature of nature.
The diameter of poplar flowers is covered with white felt, and the lotus leaves in the stream are stacked with green money. No one has seen the young child with bamboo shoots. The young child in the sand sleeps next to his mother.
The Close Relationship between Lotus and Buddhism
Lotus has formed an indissoluble bond with Buddhism and has become a symbol and sacred flower of Buddhism.
There is usually a sitting statue of Sakyamuni in the temple. He is wearing a shoulder-length coat and holding a statement seal, sitting on the lotus platform. According to the Buddhist scriptures, this is the posture that Buddha Sakyamuni told his disciples after he became a Buddha. Amitabha, known as the head of the "Three Saints of the West", is also sitting on the lotus platform, with his hands on his feet and a lotus platform in his palm, which seems to guide all beings to the pure land of the Western Buddhist country. Guanyin, who is famous for her kindness and compassion, is dressed in white, sitting on the Bai Lianhua, holding a pure bottle in one hand and clinging to a Bai Lianhua in the other, as if to show Guanyin's pure bodhisattva heart, and fully guide the believers to leave the world and reach the pure land where lotus flowers are in full bloom.
When reading Buddhist scriptures, people often see that the Buddhist scriptures call the Buddhist country the lotus boundary, the temple the lotus room, the monk's cassock the lotus suit, the monk's handprint the lotus fight, and some of the prayer beads used by the monk are made of lotus seeds. Buddhist scriptures say that it is better to use lotus seeds as rosary beads than locust beads. One more pinch and you'll get a thousand times the blessing.
Two riddles
A little girl, sitting in the middle of the water, wearing a pink coat, exudes fragrance. (Lotus)
A dragon in the mud, with a canopy on the top, a piece on his body and a small hole in his stomach. (lotus root)
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