Du Fu
The flowers near the high-rise building hurt the hearts of the guests. It is difficult to climb here in all directions.
The spring scenery of Jinjiang River comes to heaven and earth, and the floating clouds of jade barrier change from ancient to modern times.
The North Pole court will never change, and the Xishan bandits will not invade each other.
The poor queen returned to the temple and sang for Father Liang at dusk.
When Du Fu wrote this poem, he had just returned to Chengdu from Zizhou. At this time, the military chaos in Chengdu had subsided. Tubo once invaded Chang'an, and Emperor Daizong was lucky to escape from Shaanxi Province, but Chang'an was quickly recovered. Although Tubo occupied the Song, Wei, and Bao prefectures in the west of Jiannan, it did not pose a major threat. This poem takes this historical reality as the background, expresses his feelings about current events, and expresses his views on national affairs.
The first four sentences of the poem describe what you see and feel when you climb the stairs. The last four sentences express feelings about current affairs and state affairs. The first couplet closely follows the title of the poem and starts from climbing the stairs. In the first sentence, "building" refers to the place, "flower" refers to the time, "guest" refers to the person, and "sad" refers to the person's thoughts. Climbing the stairs to admire the flowers is a pleasure to others, but the poet feels "sad". Why? The second sentence explains this, because it is the autumn of "trouble", and this trouble is not just one place or two places, but "ten thousand directions", all places. In such a reality, if you climb a high-rise building and enjoy the flowers, how can you not feel sad? Especially the climber himself is a guest who has been away from Luo City for three thousand miles due to the war. . The first couplet is a close-up view of the flowers you see when you climb up the stairs, while the second couplet is a distant view when you climb up the stairs. Because it is a "tall building", what you can see is far away. I mentioned "Wan Fang" before, so I will start from "Wan Fang" here. The sentence "Jinjiang" follows the first sentence. The flowers blooming near the buildings are due to the spring scenery coming to Jinjiang. But where does the spring scenery come from? Looking far away, it turns out that it comes from between heaven and earth, from the universe. The creator gives the spring scenery to the world. , all directions in the world should benefit from this. Jinjiang River originates from Guanxian County and flows through Chengdu. The sentence "Yulei" follows the second sentence. The clouds in Yulei Mountain that we can see are changing. From ancient times to the present, it will never be understood. This is just like the endless change of chaos in all directions in the world. Yulei Mountain is located in Maowen County, northwest of Chengdu. The two sentences are positive and negative, one is written from space, and the other is written from time. The vastness of the world gives people the beauty of spring, but the human world is chaotic and unpredictable in ancient and modern times. The above four sentences seem to describe the scenery, but in fact they are both emotional and controversial. The description of the scene is based on its "majestic atmosphere, covering the universe" (Shen De's subtext). The poet's emotions and discussions include the overall state affairs of the world and the historical changes in ancient and modern times. The last four sentences move directly from scene to lyrical statement. The third couplet describes state affairs. The new dynasty established by Tubo after entering Chang'an was immediately overthrown, but the Tang Dynasty did not change after all; Tubo invaded Xishan, Chang'an could not establish a firm foothold, and how could the states in Xishan be held for a long time? Or "Mo Xiang" It is better to invade. Spring will always come to the world, and the country will always be unified and stable. This expresses the poet's firm national self-confidence and patriotism. There are two sentences in the fourth couplet, one about the queen of Shu, and the other about her own mood and situation. The sentence "poor" refers to a mediocre and cowardly person like Liu Chan, a pitiable person. Just because he was a descendant of the Han Dynasty and could trust Prime Minister Zhuge until the end, people still built a temple to worship him after his death, which shows the love of the people and national sentiments. The hatred is clear, and the Erxi mountain bandits can never think of taking over the Central Plains. The literal meaning here is Liu Chan, the later master. In fact, it implicitly refers to the current master of the sect, who is even inferior to Liu Chan. If you carefully observe the word "huan", this meaning will not be difficult to understand. The sentence "Sunset" refers to what happened before Zhuge Liang left the mountain to express his emotions. When Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Longzhong, he "wanted to chant for Liang's father", "wei" means reciting, and "Liang's father's chant" is an ancient Yuefu poem of the Han Dynasty. It chants the story of Qi Jinggong's plan of "two peaches kill three scholars", which is intended to serve as a warning. Warn people to beware that the monarch will not end up employing people. Zhuge Liang had great talent at that time, but he was not in a hurry to use it because he had his own considerations in mind. The reason why he "wanted to sing for Liang's father" was to warn him to pay attention to choosing his master and not to rely on others easily. Liu Bei looked around and saw that Liu Bei was a capable and capable leader, so he came out. Here Du Fu uses Zhuge Liang's story to convey his own emotions. Zhuge Liang had finally found a worthy master for "The Songs of Liang's Father", but what about himself? He was drifting in the southwest, he was already old, and he could still only recite the old songs that Zhuge Gong had recited back then. "When times are dangerous, I think of repaying my master." Where is the master who can use his own power? Those who "hurt the guest's heart" seem to be not only current affairs and national affairs, but also the poet's thoughts. The word "Sunset" cleverly echoes the beginning and marks the time. It can be seen that Du Fu climbed up the tower and watched from a distance until sunset. The word "liao" means chatting, which reflects Du Fu's helpless mood at this moment. Some people say that "Liang Fu Yin" refers to the poem "Climbing the Tower", which is inappropriate. If you understand it this way, the sentence will be bland and tasteless.
The seven words are difficult to express with force and force. The sentences are powerful but slow, without losing the hidden meaning. Since Lao Du's sentences such as "The spring beauty of Jinjiang comes to heaven and earth, and the floating clouds of jade barrier change the past and present" and "The sound of drums and horns at the fifth watch is solemn and majestic, the shadow of the stars in the Three Gorges is shaken", etc., I often regret that there will be no successors. (Volume 2 of "Ye Mengde's "Stone Forest Poetry")
The beauty of this poem is that it arises suddenly, with abnormal reasoning, which is surprising and sad. It is revealed until the end, but no one knows it. This is the painstaking effort of the poet. ...The first couplet writes about what he saw when he arrived. The meaning is extremely angry, but the words are broad; this is also a matter of urgency, and the grammar should be like this. It is said that the spring scenery of Jinjiang River comes with the sky and the earth, while the floating clouds of the jade barrier change with the ancient and modern times. The sky is majestic and the air envelops the universe, which can be called extraordinary. ... It is said that the "Arctic Court" is like the water of the Jinjiang River, which has a long history and will never change; while the "thieves of the Western Mountains" are like the clouds of the jade barrier, which rise and disappear suddenly, and never come to invade. Saying: "It will never change" means that it is fortunate that it will not change; saying: "Don't invade each other" means that it is difficult to guarantee that it will not invade.
The words "end" and "mo" have subtle meanings. ...The conclusion suddenly enters the postmaster,... Due to the many difficulties in all directions, the public thought deeply about the reasons and became extremely angry and had no way to vent them, so he borrowed the postmaster to vent them. (Volume 6 of Wang Sishi's "Du Sui")
The atmosphere is majestic and covers the universe. This is the best of Du's poems. (Shen Deqian's "Tang Poems") It is a magnificent and natural masterpiece. It is necessary to find a method that runs through it, because it was done before Tubo was in peace. "Flowers are close to tall buildings", spring is everywhere before your eyes. "To hurt the guest's heart", Kou Jingshan is also outside. Only seven words cover the entire letter. The second sentence is about waking up. The third sentence comes from "the flowers are near the building", the fourth sentence comes from "hurting the guest's heart", the fifth sentence comes from "spring comes to heaven and earth", and the sixth sentence comes from "the clouds change from ancient to modern times". Regarding the inside of the eyes, three or four are real, and five or six are empty. When it comes to matters of the mind, there are three or four shadows and five or six shapes. The two couplets both contain side notes, giving instructions to Xirong, which coincidentally leads to the main ancestral temple. "The Lord of the Empress returned to the temple", seeing that the emperor was in the right position, he could not do anything rashly. Therefore, "Liang Fu" had a long "yin", and although the "customer's heart" was "hurt", he did not change his grandeur. . In the long period of time between truth and falsehood, it is impossible to explore the root cause and open up the frontiers of those cunning ones in just a moment. It is too pointless! To make the stubborn and knowledgeable, it will definitely be disintegrated. "Xishan Bandits" is read in a confusing way and can only be used as the word "Tubo". Don't stick to Shu and read it, as you may not get along with the "Arctic Court". It is unreasonable for commentators to compare "the emperor" to the emperor.
(Volume 4 of "Du Xinjie" by Pu Qilong)